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Zheng W, Zhang C, Han Y, Wang W, Li Z. Highly Durable Silicone-Based Elastomers Achieved Through the Synergy of Bi-Incompatible Soft Segments and Multi-Scale Hydrogen Bonds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402124. [PMID: 38593327 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Developing a silicone elastomer with high strength, exceptional toughness, good crack tolerance, healability, and recyclability, poses significant challenges due to the inherent trade-offs between these properties. Herein, the design of silicone-based elastomers with a nanoscopic microphase separation structure and comprehensive mechanical properties is achieved by combining bi-incompatible soft segments and multi-scale hydrogen bonds. The formation of multi-scale hydrogen bonds involving urethane, urea, and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) facilitates efficient reversible crosslinking of the synthesized polymer containing thermodynamically incompatible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG). The dynamic dissociation and recombination of hydrogen bonds, coupled with the forced compatibility and spontaneous separation of bi-incompatible soft segments, can effectively dissipate energy, particularly in the crack region during the stretching process. The obtained silicone-based elastomer exhibits a high break strength of 8.0 MPa, good elongation at break of 1910%, ultrahigh toughness of 67.8 MJ m-3, and unprecedented fracture energy of 31.8 kJ m-2 while maintaining their thermal stability, hydrophobicity, healability, and recyclability. This resilient and long-lasting silicone-based elastomer exhibits significant potential for use in flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Chengshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Yangjiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Wenpin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
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Gao SJ, Li LZ, Han PF, Wang L, Li F, Yu TL, Li YF. Response Properties of Electrorheological Composite Hydrophilic Elastomers Based on Different Morphologies of Magnesium-Doped Strontium Titanate. Molecules 2024; 29:3462. [PMID: 39124869 PMCID: PMC11313832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As smart materials, electrorheological elastomers (EREs) formed by pre-treating active electrorheological particles are attracting more and more attention. In this work, four Mg-doped strontium titanate (Mg-STO) particles with spherical, dendritic, flake-like, and pinecone-like morphologies were obtained via hydrothermal and low-temperature co-precipitation. XRD, SEM, Raman, and FT-IR were used to characterize these products. The results showed that Mg-STOs are about 1.5-2.0 μm in size, and their phase structures are dominated by cubic crystals. These Mg-STOs were dispersed in a hydrogel composite elastic medium. Then, Mg-STO/glycerol/gelatin electrorheological composite hydrophilic elastomers were obtained with or without an electric field. The electric field response properties of Mg-doped strontium titanate composite elastomers were investigated. We concluded that dendritic Mg-STO composite elastomers are high-performance EREs, and the maximum value of their energy storage was 8.70 MPa. The significant electrorheological performance of these products is helpful for their applications in vibration control, force transducers, smart structures, dampers, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Gao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China; (L.-Z.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (T.-L.Y.)
- Institute of New Carbon-Based Materials and Zero-Carbon and Negative-Carbon Technology, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China
| | - Lin-Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China; (L.-Z.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (T.-L.Y.)
- Institute of New Carbon-Based Materials and Zero-Carbon and Negative-Carbon Technology, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China
| | - Peng-Fei Han
- Institute of Teacher Education, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China; (L.-Z.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (T.-L.Y.)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China; (L.-Z.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (T.-L.Y.)
| | - Tan-Lai Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China; (L.-Z.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (T.-L.Y.)
- Institute of New Carbon-Based Materials and Zero-Carbon and Negative-Carbon Technology, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lyuliang University, Luliang 033001, China; (L.-Z.L.); (L.W.); (F.L.); (T.-L.Y.)
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Chen H, Sun Z, Lu K, Liu J, He C, Mao D. Negative Enthalpy Variation Drives Rapid Recovery in Thermoplastic Elastomer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2311332. [PMID: 38108494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism behind the resilience of polymeric materials, typically attributed to the well-established entropy elasticity, often ignores the contribution of enthalpy variation (ΔH), because it is based on the assumption of an ideal chain. However, this model does not fully account for the reduced resilience of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) during long-range deformation, which is mainly caused by the dynamics of physical crosslink networks. Such reduction is undesirable for long-range stretchable TPU considering its wide application range. Therefore, a negative ΔH effect is established in this work to facilitate instant recovery in long-range stretchable TPU, achieved by constructing a reversible interim interface via strain-induced phase separation. Consequently, the newly constructed dual soft segmental TPU shows resilience efficiency exceeding 95%, surpassing many synthetic high-performance TPUs with typical efficiencies below 80%, and comparable to biomaterials. Moreover, a remarkable hysteresis loop with a ratio exceeding 50%, makes it a viable candidate for applications such as artificial ligaments or buffer belts. The research also clarifies structural factors influencing resilience, including the symmetry of the dual soft segments and the content of hard segments, offering valuable insights for the design of highly resilient long-range stretchable elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zaizheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dongsheng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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Boronic ester-based vitrimeric methylvinyl silicone elastomer with “solid-liquid” feature and rate-dependent mechanical performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Zhang ZL, Dong X, Zhao YY, Song F, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Bioinspired Optical Flexible Cellulose Nanocrystal Films with Strain-Adaptive Structural Coloration. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4110-4117. [PMID: 36070358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances of photonic crystals are driven to mechanical sensors and smart wearable devices; however, for chiral photonic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) materials, vivid structural coloration and reversible mechanochromism like chameleon skin remain a big challenge. Here, we report a ternary co-assembly and post-UV-irradiation polymerization strategy to develop flexible and elastic CNC composite films, which, notably, have naked-eye-visible brilliant structural colors and stretching-induced color change covering a broad wavelength region at a moderate deformation (like skin). By adjusting the stretching, the film is designed as a smart skin to adapt to surrounding environments for camouflage. This work offers a universal strategy for constructing biomimic optically functional cellulose skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lian Zhang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu Dong
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Yao Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Huang YT, Zhou Y, Yu WW, Liao S, Luo MC. Nonprestretching double-network enabled by physical interaction-induced aggregation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Macromolecule conformational shaping for extreme mechanical programming of polymorphic hydrogel fibers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3369. [PMID: 35690594 PMCID: PMC9188594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of hydrogels are crucial to emerging devices and machines for wearables, robotics and energy harvesters. Various polymer network architectures and interactions have been explored for achieving specific mechanical characteristics, however, extreme mechanical property tuning of single-composition hydrogel material and deployment in integrated devices remain challenging. Here, we introduce a macromolecule conformational shaping strategy that enables mechanical programming of polymorphic hydrogel fiber based devices. Conformation of the single-composition polyelectrolyte macromolecule is controlled to evolve from coiling to extending states via a pH-dependent antisolvent phase separation process. The resulting structured hydrogel microfibers reveal extreme mechanical integrity, including modulus spanning four orders of magnitude, brittleness to ultrastretchability, and plasticity to anelasticity and elasticity. Our approach yields hydrogel microfibers of varied macromolecule conformations that can be built-in layered formats, enabling the translation of extraordinary, realistic hydrogel electronic applications, i.e., large strain (1000%) and ultrafast responsive (~30 ms) fiber sensors in a robotic bird, large deformations (6000%) and antifreezing helical electronic conductors, and large strain (700%) capable Janus springs energy harvesters in wearables.
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Guo Y, Wang J, Luo W, Hu W. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of strain-induced crystallization in multiblock copolymers: effects of dilution. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3376-3383. [PMID: 35416236 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiblock copolymers containing alternating semicrystalline and molten blocks are good thermoplastic elastomers. Their crystallization in the stretching process is however complicated by the dilution effects, prior microphase separation and contrast chain rigidity of the molten blocks. We designed our systematic investigation with three integrated steps, and herein, as the first step, we considered only the dilution effects without prior microphase separation and contrast chain rigidity. We compared two extreme situations of local dilution separately corresponding to parallel-posited and antiparallel-posited block copolymers upon strain-induced crystallization. Our dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of diblock and tetrablock copolymers demonstrated that the stretching introduces a constraint on the diffusion of locally posited crystallizable blocks along the stretching direction for crystallization and thus enhances the dilution effects to result in a higher diversity in crystal stabilities. We observed that the strain-induced crystallization of parallel-posited copolymers behaved like the melt crystallization of homopolymers; in contrast, the strain-induced crystallization of antiparallel-posited copolymers yielded crystallites near the block junction, which are relatively small and less stable due to their local dilution suppressing their melting points. Similar to the case of spider dragline silks, two contrasting stabilities of crystallites in semicrystalline multiblock copolymers explain their good toughness. Our modeling approach paves the way toward a better understanding of the structure-property relationship in the semicrystalline thermoplastic elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordinate Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Jiping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordinate Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordinate Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordinate Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Núñez-López JM, Rubio-Castro E, Ponce-Ortega JM. Optimizing Resilience at Water-Energy-Food Nexus. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Yu WW, Xu WZ, Wei YC, Liao S, Luo MC. Mechanically Robust Elastomers Enabled by a Facile Interfacial Interactions-Driven Sacrificial Network. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100509. [PMID: 34562290 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Strength and toughness are usually mutually exclusive for materials. The sacrificial bond strategy is used to address the trade-off between strength and toughness. However, the complex construction process of sacrificial network limits the application of sacrificial network. This work develops a facile strategy to construct an interfacial interactions-driven sacrificial network. The authors' group finds that there are the interfacial interactions between arginines (A) aggregates and molecular chains. Such interfacial interactions result in the mechanical properties of samples having a strong dependence on extension rates, which shows that A aggregates construct a network structure by interfacial interactions. The interfacial interactions between A aggregates and chains improve the strength of samples; while the A aggregate network driven by interfacial interactions preferentially ruptures to dissipate large energy for the improvement of fracture toughness, which can be considered as a sacrificial network. Therefore, their designed elastomers have both high strength and high toughness. This work provides an easier strategy for the construction of sacrificial networks, which can promote the industrial application of sacrificial networks in elastomer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yan-Chan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shuangquan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming-Chao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.,Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100029, China
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Feng YH, Zhang XP, Hu LF, Chen BZ, Guo XD. Mesoscopic Simulation for the Effect of Cross-Linking Reactions on the Drug Diffusion Properties in Microneedles. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4000-4010. [PMID: 34319097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The drug diffusion issue in microneedles is the focus of its medical application. It will not only affect the distribution of drugs in the needle body but will also have an impact on the drug release performance of the microneedle. The utilization of cross-linked polymer materials to obtain the drug diffusion control has been experimentally verified as a feasible method. However, the mechanism research on the molecular level is still incomplete. In this study, the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation has been applied to study the effect of the cross-linking reaction on drug diffusion in hyaluronic acid microneedles. We have discovered that when the cross-linking degree reaches 90%, the diffusion coefficient of the drug is 6.45 times lower than that of the uncross-linked system. The main reason for the decline in drug diffusion ability is that the cross-linking reaction varies the conformation of the polymer. The amplification in the cross-linking degree makes the polymer coils more compact and approach each other, finally forming a continuously distributed cross-linked network, which reduces its degradation rate in the body. Simultaneously, these cross-linked networks can also hinder the interaction of soluble drugs with water, thereby preventing the premature release of drugs. The simulation results are consistent with the data collected in the previous microneedle experiment. This work will be an extension of DPD simulation in the application of biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hao Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liu Fu Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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