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Beena Unni A, Mroczka R, Kubacki J, Adrjanowicz K. Experimental evidence for the presence of irreversibly adsorbed material in vapor deposited glasses. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Beena Unni A, Winkler R, Duarte DM, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. Influence of Surface Roughness on the Dynamics and Crystallization of Vapor-Deposited Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8072-8079. [PMID: 36170644 PMCID: PMC9574919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The substrate roughness
is a very important parameter that can
influence the properties of supported thin films. In this work, we
investigate the effect of surface roughness on the properties of a
vapor-deposited glass (celecoxib, CXB) both in its bulk and in confined
states. Using dielectric spectroscopy, we provide experimental evidence
depicting a profound influence of surface roughness on the α-relaxation
dynamics and the isothermal crystallization of this vapor-deposited
glass. Besides, we have verified the influence of film confinement
on varying values of surface roughnesses as well. At a fixed surface
roughness value, the confinement could alter both the dynamics and
crystallization of vapor-deposited CXB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Roksana Winkler
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Daniel Marques Duarte
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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3
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Chat K, Tu W, Beena Unni A, Adrjanowicz K. Influence of Tacticity on the Glass-Transition Dynamics of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under Elevated Pressure and Geometrical Nanoconfinement. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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4
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Xu W, Mihhels K, Kotov N, Lepikko S, Ras RHA, Johnson CM, Pettersson T, Kontturi E. Solid-state polymer adsorption for surface modification: The role of molecular weight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:441-450. [PMID: 34333417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Solid-state polymer adsorption offers a distinct approach for surface modification. These ultrathin, so-called Guiselin layers can easily be obtained by placing a polymer melt in contact with an interface, followed by a removal of the non-adsorbed layer with a good solvent. While the mechanism of formation has been well established for Guiselin layers, their stability, crucial from the perspective of materials applications, is not. The stability is a trade-off in the entropic penalty between cooperative detachment of the number of segments directly adsorbed on the substrate and consecutively pinned monomers. EXPERIMENTS Experimental model systems of Guiselin layers of polystyrene (PS) on silicon wafers with native oxide layer on top were employed. The stability of the adsorbed layers was studied as a function of PS molecular weight and polydispersibility by various microscopic and spectroscopic tools as well as quasi-static contact angle measurements. FINDINGS Adsorbed layers from low molecular weight PS were disrupted with typical spinodal decomposition patterns whereas high molecular weight (>500 kDa) PS resulted in stable, continuous layers. Moreover, we show that Guiselin layers offer an enticing way to modify a surface, as demonstrated by adsorbed PS that imparts a hydrophobic character to initially hydrophilic silicon wafers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sakari Lepikko
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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5
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Giermanska J, Ben Jabrallah S, Delorme N, Vignaud G, Chapel JP. Direct experimental evidences of the density variation of ultrathin polymer films with thickness. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Das A, Bolleddu R, Singh AK, Bandyopadhyay D. Physicochemical defect guided dewetting of ultrathin films to fabricate nanoscale patterns. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:195303. [PMID: 33535200 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe2c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathways to fabricate self-organized nanostructures have been identified exploiting the instabilities of ultrathin (<100 nm) polystyrene (PS) film on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates loaded with discrete and closely packed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs were deposited on the PDMS substrates by chemical treatment, and the size and periodicity of the AuNPs were varied before coating the PS films. The study unveils that the physicochemical heterogeneity created by the AuNPs on the PDMS surface could guide the hole-formation, influence the average spacing between the holes formed at the initial dewetting stage, and affects the spacing and periodicity of the droplets formed at the end of the dewetting phase. The size and spacing of the holes and the droplets could be tuned by varying the nanoparticle loading on the PDMS substrate. Interestingly, as compared to the dewetting of PS films on the homogeneous PDMS surfaces, the AuNP guided dewetted patterns show ten-fold miniaturization, leading to the formation of the micro-holes and nanodroplets. The spacing between the droplets could also see a ten-fold reduction resulting in high-density random patterns on the PDMS substrate. Further, the use of a physicochemical substrate with varying density of physicochemical heterogeneities could impose a long-range order to the dewetted patterns to develop a gradient surface. The reported results can be of significance in the fabrication of high-density nanostructures exploiting the self-organized instabilities of thin polymers films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijna Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ravi Bolleddu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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7
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Xu L, Shi TF, An LJ, Lu YY, Wang LN. Effect of Interfacial Adsorption on the Stability of Thin Polymer Films in a Solvent-induced Process. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Thees MF, McGuire JA, Roth CB. Review and reproducibility of forming adsorbed layers from solvent washing of melt annealed films. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5366-5387. [PMID: 32365149 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00565g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest chain adsorption in the melt may be responsible for a number of property changes in thin films by making correlations between the residual adsorbed layer thickness hads(t) measured after a given solvent washing procedure as a function of annealing time t of the film at an elevated temperature prior to this solvent rinse. This procedure, frequently called "Guiselin's experiment", refers to the thought experiment proposed in a 1992 theoretical treatment by Guiselin that assumed chain segments in contact with the surface are irreversibly adsorbed whereby unadsorbed chains could be washed away by solvent without disturbing the adsorbed substrate contact points in the melt. In the present work, we review this recent literature, identifying and experimentally testing a common protocol for forming adsorbed layers hads(t) from solvent washing melt films. We find hads(t) curves to be far less reproducible and reliable than implied in the literature, strongly dependent on solvent washing and substrate cleaning conditions, and annealing at elevated temperatures is unnecessary as densification of films sitting at room temperature makes the glassy film harder to wash off, leaving behind hads of comparable thickness. This review also summarizes literature understanding developed over several decades of study on polymer adsorption in solution, which experimentally demonstrated that polymer chains in solution are highly mobile, diffusing and exchanging on the surface even in the limit of strong adsorption, contradicting Guiselin's assumption. Preformed adsorbed layers of different thicknesses hads are shown to not affect the average glass transition temperature or physical aging of 30 nm thick films. In summary, a number of open questions and implications are discussed related to thin films and polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Thees
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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9
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Experimental evidence on the effect of substrate roughness on segmental dynamics of confined polymer films. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Davis MJB, Randazzo K, Zuo B, Priestley RD. Revealing Interfacial Interactions in Random Copolymer Adsorbed Layers by Solvent Leaching. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900582. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. B. Davis
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Katelyn Randazzo
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education MinistryZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of MaterialsPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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11
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Castel A, Gutfreund P, Cabane B, Rharbi Y. Swelling, dewetting and breakup in thin polymer films for cultural heritage. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1485-1497. [PMID: 31930258 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The removal of ultrathin amorphous polymer films in contact with nonsolvent/solvent binary mixtures is addressed by means of neutron reflectometry and atomic force microscopy. The high resolution of neutron scattering makes it possible to resolve the distribution profiles of heavy water and benzyl alcohol inside Laropal®A81, often employed as a protective varnish layer for Culture Heritage in restoration of easel paintings. The swelling kinetics and distribution profiles were recorded as a function of time and increasing benzyl alcohol concentration in water. The varnish film swells by penetration of the good solvent. At higher concentrations water-filled cavities appear inside the varnish and grow with time. Contrary to homogeneous dissolution dewetting is observed at late stages of exposure to the liquid which leads to the Breakup of the film. The high resolution measurements are compared to bulk behaviour characterized by the ternary phase diagram and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters are calculated and used to predict the swelling and solvent partition in the films. Distinct differences of the thin film to bulk behaviour are found. The expectations made previously for the behaviour of solvent/non-solvent mixtures on the removal of thin layers in the restoration of easel paintings should be revised in view of surface interactions.
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12
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Morimitsu Y, Salatto D, Jiang N, Sen M, Nishitsuji S, Yavitt BM, Endoh MK, Subramanian A, Nam CY, Li R, Fukuto M, Zhang Y, Wiegart L, Fluerasu A, Tanaka K, Koga T. “Structurally Neutral” Densely Packed Homopolymer-Adsorbed Chains for Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Morimitsu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Mani Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Shotaro Nishitsuji
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yugang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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13
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A ND, Begam N, Ibrahim M, Chandran S, Padmanabhan V, Sprung M, Basu JK. Viscosity and fragility of confined polymer nanocomposites: a tale of two interfaces. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8546-8553. [PMID: 30990482 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity and fragility are key parameters determining the processability and thermo-mechanical stability of glassy polymers and polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In confined polymers, these parameters are largely dominated by the long relaxation times of the polymers adsorbed at the substrate-polymer interface. On the other hand, for polymer nanocomposites, the interface layer (IL) between the nanoparticles and the surrounding matrix chains often control not only the morphology and dispersion but also various parameters like viscosity and glass transition temperature. Confined PNCs, hence, present a unique opportunity to study the interplay of these two independent interfacial effects. Here, we report the results of X-ray scattering based dynamics measurements of PNC thin films, with a two IL width, unraveling the subtle interplay of these two interfaces on the measured viscosity and fragility. Coupled with coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, our experimental results demonstrate that the viscosity of the PNC films increases with both the IL width and the thickness of the polymer layer adsorbed at the substrate interface. However, while both pristine PS and PNCs with a higher IL width become stronger glasses, as estimated by their fragility, the PNC with a lower IL width shows an increase in fragility with increasing confinement. Our results suggest a novel method to control thermo-mechanical properties and stability of PNC coatings by independently controlling the two interfacial effects in athermal glassy PNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi Das A
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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14
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Ravi B, Bhattacharjee M, Ghosh A, Bandyopadhyay D. Fabrication of pixelated liquid crystal nanostructures employing the contact line instabilities of droplets. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1680-1691. [PMID: 30620017 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC) droplet resting on a poly-dimethylsiloxane substrate could rapidly spread upon solvent vapour annealing to form a non-uniform film. While the solvophobic surfaces restricted the spreading of the droplet to form a thicker film upon solvent annealing, the solvophilic substrates allowed the formation of a thinner film under similar conditions. Withdrawal of the solvent exposure caused rapid evaporation of the solvent molecules from the film, especially near the retracting contact-line to form microscale LC-droplets, which shrunk into nanoscopic ones after evaporation of the excess solvent. The thinner films on solvophilic surfaces allowed the formation of droplets with smaller size and periodicity as small as ∼100 nm and ∼200 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the use of a patterned substrate could impose a large-area ordering on the nanodroplets. A theoretical model for an evaporating film of LC-solution revealed that the spacing of nanodroplets could be decided by the interplay of stabilizing and destabilizing components of capillary force while van der Waals interaction played a supportive role when the film was ultrathin near the contact line. The micro/nanodroplets thus formed showed an anomalous oscillatory rotational motion originating from the difference in the Laplace pressure near contact lines under the influence of an external electric field. The application of the Lorenz force to these droplets showed translation and rotational motions followed by ejection of satellite droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolleddu Ravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India.
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15
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Jiang N, Di X, Salatto D, Nam CY, Fukuto M, Endoh MK, Koga T. Self-Organization of Triblock Copolymer Melt Chains Physisorbed on Non-neutral Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17805-17813. [PMID: 31458377 PMCID: PMC6644122 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We here report the self-organization process of poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butadiene-b-styrene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer chains physically adsorbed on a non-neutral surface. Spin-cast SEBS thin films were prepared on silicon (Si) substrates and then annealed at a high temperature far above the bulk glass transition temperatures of the two constituent blocks. To reveal the buried interfacial structure, we utilized solvent rinsing processes and a suite of surface-sensitive techniques including ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. We revealed that the SEBS chains form two different chain structures on the substrate simultaneously: (i) "flattened chains" with the average height of 2.5 nm but without forming microdomain structures; (ii) "loosely adsorbed chains" with the average height of 11.0 nm and the formation of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical microdomains to the substrate surface. In addition, the kinetics to form the perpendicular-oriented cylinder was sluggish (∼200 h) and proceeded via multistep processes toward the equilibrium state. We also found that the lateral microdomain structures were distorted, and the characteristic lengths of the microdomains were slightly different from the bulk even after reaching "quasiequilibrium" state within the observed time window. Furthermore, we highlight the vital role of the adsorbed chains in the self-assembling process of the entire SEBS thin film: a long-range perturbation associated with the adsorbed chains propagates into the film interior, overwhelming the free surface effect associated with surface segregation of the lower surface tension of polystyrene blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Di
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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16
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Wang M, Zhang QJ, Li Z, Li H, Lu JM. Solvents Effects on Film Morphologies and Memory Behavior of a Perylenediimide-Containing Pendent Polymer. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1784-1790. [PMID: 29741817 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The large polydispersity index of functional pendant polymers has hindered their application in semiconductors. Herein, a novel pendant polymer with perylenediimide (PDI) in the side chains was successfully synthesized through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with a very low polydispersity index. The synthesized polymers were spin-coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by using a mixture of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) and methanol (MeOH) solvents. The surface morphologies and intermolecular π-π stacking of the fabricated film could be adjusted through tuning of the ratio of o-DCB and MeOH, and thus, the sandwich-structured device of ITO/polymer/aluminum exhibited different electrical behavior. The threshold voltages of the devices decreased as the MeOH content was increased from 0 to 30 % (v/v); however, the device changed from being unrewritable to rewritable if the MeOH content was increased to 40 %; a probable mechanism for this process is discussed. It is hoped that this new idea of synthesizing narrow polydispersity index pendant polymers, and the fabrication of high-quality films through the use of a mixture of solvents could allow high-performance memory devices to be prepared in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Jian Zhang
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- Soochow University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
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18
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Sen M, Jiang N, Endoh MK, Koga T, Ribbe A, Rahman A, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Smilgies DM. Locally Favored Two-Dimensional Structures of Block Copolymer Melts on Nonneutral Surfaces. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Sen
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275,United States
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275,United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275,United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275,United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Alexander Ribbe
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune 411008, India
| | | | | | - Detlef-M. Smilgies
- Cornell High
Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Jiang N, Cheung J, Guo Y, Endoh MK, Koga T, Yuan G, Satija SK. Stability of Adsorbed Polystyrene Nanolayers on Silicon Substrates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - JustinM. Cheung
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐2275 USA
- Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794‐3400 USA
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
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20
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Barkley DA, Jiang N, Sen M, Endoh MK, Rudick JG, Koga T, Zhang Y, Gang O, Yuan G, Satija SK, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Karim A. Chain Conformation near the Buried Interface in Nanoparticle-Stabilized Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Gang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | - Alamgir Karim
- College of
Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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21
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Zhou Y, He Q, Zhang F, Yang F, Narayanan S, Yuan G, Dhinojwala A, Foster MD. Modifying Surface Fluctuations of Polymer Melt Films with Substrate Modification. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:915-919. [PMID: 35650890 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of a plasma polymerized film on a silicon substrate substantially changes the fluctuations on the surface of a sufficiently thin melt polystyrene (PS) film atop the substrate. Surface fluctuation relaxation times measured with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) for ca. 4Rg thick melt films of 131 kg/mol linear PS on hydrogen-passivated silicon (H-Si) and on a plasma polymer modified silicon wafer can both be described using a hydrodynamic continuum theory (HCT) that assumes the film is characterized throughout its depth by the bulk viscosity. However, when the film thickness is reduced to ∼3Rg, confinement effects are evident. The surface fluctuations are slower than predicted using the HCT, and the confinement effect for the PS on H-Si is larger than that for the PS on the plasma polymerized film. This deviation is due to a difference in the thicknesses of the strongly adsorbed layers at the substrate which are impacted by the substrate surface energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Qiming He
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mark D. Foster
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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22
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Swelling process of thin polymer film studied via in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-7075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Hori K, Yamada NL, Fujii Y, Masui T, Kishimoto H, Seto H. Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polybutadiene Thin Films Bound to Surface-Modified Carbon Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8883-8890. [PMID: 28799335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure and mechanical properties of polybutadiene (PB) films on bare and surface-modified carbon films were examined. There was an interfacial layer of PB near the carbon layer whose density was higher (lower) than that of the bulk material on the hydrophobic (hydrophilic) carbon surface. To glean information about the structure and mechanical properties of PB at the carbon interface, a residual layer (RL) adhering to the carbon surface, which was considered to be a model of "bound rubber layer", was obtained by rinsing the PB film with toluene. The density and thickness of the RLs were identical to those of the interfacial layer of the PB film. In accordance with the change in the density, normal stress of the RLs evaluated by atomic force microscopy was also dependent on the surface free energy: the RLs on the hydrophobic carbon were hard like glass, whereas those on the hydrophilic carbon were soft like rubber. Similarly, the wear test revealed that the RLs on the hydrophilic carbon could be peeled off by scratching under a certain stress, whereas the RLs on the hydrophobic carbons were resistant to scratching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hori
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University , 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomomi Masui
- Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. , 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0071, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. , 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0071, Japan
| | - Hideki Seto
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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24
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Ravi B, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee M, Mitra S, Ghosh A, Gooh Pattader PS, Bandyopadhyay D. Pattern-Directed Ordering of Spin-Dewetted Liquid Crystal Micro- or Nanodroplets as Pixelated Light Reflectors and Locomotives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1066-1076. [PMID: 28026170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pattern directed spin-dewetting of a macroscopic droplet composed of a dilute organic solution of liquid crystal (LC) formed an ordered array of micro- and nanoscale LC droplets. Controlled evaporation of the spin-dewetted droplets through vacuum drying could further miniaturize the size to the level of ∼90 nm. The size, periodicity, and spacing of these mesoscale droplets could be tuned with the variations in the initial loading of LC in the organic solution, the strength of the centripetal force on the droplet, and the duration of the evaporation. A simple theoretical model was developed to predict the spacing between the spin-dewetted droplets. The patterned LC droplets showed a reversible phase transition from nematic to isotropic and vice versa with the periodic exposure of a solvent vapor and its removal. A similar phase transition behavior was also observed with the periodic increase or reduction of temperature, suggesting their usefulness as vapor or temperature sensors. Interestingly, when the spin-dewetted droplets were confined between a pair of electrodes and an external electric field was applied, the droplets situated at the hydrophobic patches showed light-reflecting properties under the polarization microscopy highlighting their importance in the development of micro- or nanoscale LC displays. The digitized LC droplets, which were stationary otherwise, showed dielectrophoretic locomotion under the guidance of the external electric field beyond a threshold intensity of the field. Remarkably, the motion of these droplets could be restricted to the hydrophilic zones, which were confined between the hydrophobic patches of the chemically patterned surface. The findings could significantly contribute in the development of futuristic vapor or temperature sensors, light reflectors, and self-propellers using the micro- or nanoscale digitized LC droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolleddu Ravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Snigdha Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mitradip Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Abir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Partho Sarathi Gooh Pattader
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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25
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Zhang H, Xu L, Lai Y, Shi T. Influence of film structure on the dewetting kinetics of thin polymer films in the solvent annealing process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16310-6. [PMID: 27254136 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
On a non-wetting solid substrate, the solvent annealing process of a thin polymer film includes the swelling process and the dewetting process. Owing to difficulties in the in situ analysis of the two processes simultaneously, a quantitative study on the solvent annealing process of thin polymer films on the non-wetting solid substrate is extremely rare. In this paper, we design an experimental method by combining spectroscopic ellipsometry with optical microscopy to achieve the simultaneous in situ study. Using this method, we investigate the influence of the structure of swollen film on its dewetting kinetics during the solvent annealing process. The results show that for a thin PS film with low Mw (Mw = 4.1 kg mol(-1)), acetone molecules can form an ultrathin enriched layer between the PS film and the solid substrate during the swelling process. The presence of the acetone enriched layer accounts for the exponential kinetic behavior in the case of a thin PS film with low Mw. However, the acetone enriched layer is not observed in the case of a thin PS film with high Mw (Mw = 400 kg mol(-1)) and the slippage effect of polymer chains is valid during the dewetting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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26
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Mikhaylov S, Ogurtsov NA, Redon N, Coddeville P, Wojkiewicz JL, Pud AA. The PANI-DBSA content and dispersing solvent as influencing parameters in sensing performances of TiO2/PANI-DBSA hybrid nanocomposites to ammonia. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12693f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Solubility in dispersing solvents and content of doped polyaniline strongly affect the morphology and sensing performance of TiO2/polyaniline-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mikhaylov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Mines Douai
| | - N. A. Ogurtsov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - N. Redon
- Mines Douai
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - P. Coddeville
- Mines Douai
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - J.-L. Wojkiewicz
- Mines Douai
- Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE)
- F-59508 Douai
- France
| | - A. A. Pud
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
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