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Shastry T, Xie J, Tung CH, Lynn TY, Panda AS, Shi AC, Ho RM. Sequential Self-Assembly of Polystyrene- block-Polydimethylsiloxane for 3D Nanopatterning via Solvent Annealing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39036947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a strategy for the fabrication of multilayer nanopatterns through sequential self-assembly of lamella-forming polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) block copolymer (BCP) from solvent annealing. By simply tuning the solvent selectivity, a variety of self-assembled BCP thin-film morphologies, including hexagonal perforated lamellae (HPL), parallel cylinders, and spheres, can be obtained from single-composition PS-b-PDMS. By taking advantage of reactive ion etching (RIE), topographic SiO2 monoliths with well-ordered arrays of hexagonally packed holes, parallel lines, and hexagonally packed dots can be formed. Subsequently, hole-on-dot and line-on-hole hierarchical textures can be created through a layer-by-layer process with RIE treatment as evidenced experimentally and confirmed theoretically. The results demonstrated the feasibility of creating three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterning from the sequential self-assembly of single-composition PS-b-PDMS via solvent annealing, providing an appealing process for nano-MEMS manufacturing based on BCP lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanmayee Shastry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hsun Tung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Teoh Yen Lynn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Aum Sagar Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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2
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Woo D, Ban M, Lee J, Park CY, Kim J, Kim S, Lee J. Anisotropic lens-shaped mesoporous carbon from interfacially perpendicular self-assembly for potassium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:590-593. [PMID: 38099698 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic lens-shaped nitrogen-doped carbon (Lens-NMC) with unidirectionally aligned mesopores was achieved via perpendicular block copolymer self-assembly at the polymer interface. Lens-NMC is applied as a potassium-ion battery anode material as a next-generation battery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkyeong Ban
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinuk Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongseop Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Huang YS, Ejeta DD, Lin KY(A, Kuo SW, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. Synthesis of PDMS-μ-PCL Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Combinations ( Є) of Styrenics-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling and Ring-Opening Polymerization and Study of the Self-Assembled Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2355. [PMID: 37630940 PMCID: PMC10457737 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diverse and unique physical properties, miktoarm star copolymers (μ-SCPs) have garnered significant attention. In our study, we employed α-monobomoisobutyryl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-Br) to carry out styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC) in the presence of 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol (VBA) at 0 °C. By achieving high coupling efficiency (χc = 0.95), we obtained mid-chain functionalized PDMS-VBAm-PDMS polymers with benzylic alcohols. Interestingly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis revealed the insertion of only two VBA coupling agents (m = 2). Subsequently, the PDMS-VBA2-PDMS products underwent mid-chain extensions using ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with an efficient organo-catalyst at 40 °C, resulting in the synthesis of novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs. Eventually, novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs were obtained. The obtained PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs were further subjected to examination of their solid-state self-assembly through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Notably, various nanostructures, including lamellae and hexagonally packed cylinders, were observed with a periodic size of approximately 15 nm. As a result, we successfully developed a simple and effective reaction combination (Є) strategy (i.e., SA ATRC-Є-ROP) for the synthesis of well-defined PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs. This approach may open up new possibilities for fabricating nanostructures from siloxane-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Dula Daksa Ejeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Kun-Yi (Andrew) Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
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4
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Bae S, Noack MM, Yager KG. Surface enrichment dictates block copolymer orientation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6901-6912. [PMID: 36876525 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orientation of block copolymer (BCP) morphology in thin films is critical to applications as nanostructured coatings. Despite being well-studied, the ability to control BCP orientation across all possible block constituents remains challenging. Here, we deploy coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study diblock copolymer ordering in thin films, focusing on chain makeup, substrate surface energy, and surface tension disparity between the two constituent blocks. We explore the multi-dimensional parameter space of ordering using a machine-learning approach, where an autonomous loop using a Gaussian process (GP) control algorithm iteratively selects high-value simulations to compute. The GP kernel was engineered to capture known symmetries. The trained GP model serves as both a complete map of system response, and a robust means of extracting material knowledge. We demonstrate that the vertical orientation of BCP phases depends on several counter-balancing energetic contributions, including entropic and enthalpic material enrichment at interfaces, distortion of morphological objects through the film depth, and of course interfacial energies. BCP lamellae are found more resistant to these effects, and thus more robustly form vertical orientations across a broad range of conditions; while BCP cylinders are found to be highly sensitive to surface tension disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Bae
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | - Marcus M Noack
- The Center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Shao Y, Hou B, Li W, Yan X, Wang X, Xu Y, Dong Q, Li W, He J, Zhang WB. Three-Component Bolaform Giant Surfactants Forming Lamellar Nanopatterns with Sub-5 nm Feature Sizes. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojin Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qingshu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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6
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Tunable Thin Film Periodicities by Controlling the Orientation of Cylindrical Domains in Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8286518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile approach to block copolymer (BCP) domain orientation control in thin films has been demonstrated by employing a BCP with liquid crystalline semifluorinated side chains by tuning the composition of the copolymers of the bottom surface layer (BSL). 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecanethiol was attached to a precursor polymer, polystyrene-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PGMA), to obtain a novel BCP with a C8F17-containing liquid crystal (LC) side chain (PS-b-P8FMA). Anisotropic hexagonally packed cylinder domains in a bulk state were first characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The observed morphology transition of BCPs with different fluorinated side chain lengths of –CF3, –C4F9, and –C6F13 suggested the decisive effects of LC side chain ordering on the anisotropic nanostructures. In the thin film study, poly(methyl methacrylate-random-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-ran-PTFEMA-ran-PMAA) solution was used as BSLs for tuning the desired periodicities. The surface free energy (SFE) of BSL was simply tailored by changing the composition of comonomers. In atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization, long-range ordered perpendicularly oriented BCP domains in a hexagonally packed array or parallel oriented BCP domains as striation patterns were easily fabricated on non-preferential or preferential BSL, respectively. The study presents a novel approach to tunable thin film periodicities without changing or modifying BCPs, which is desired in next-generation BCP lithography.
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8
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Chang CY, Manesi GM, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Superlattice Structure from Self-Assembly of High-χ Block Copolymers via Chain Interdigitation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 14 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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9
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Liontos G, Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Moschovas D, Piryazev AA, Bersenev EA, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, Molecular Characterization, and Phase Behavior of Miktoarm Star Copolymers of the ABn and AnB (n = 2 or 3) Sequences, Where A Is Polystyrene and B Is Poly(dimethylsiloxane). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Liontos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Piryazev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Bersenev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse─IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Yuan J, Liu X, Wang Y, Zeng G, Li G, Dong XH, Wen T. Confined Self-Assemblies of Chiral Block Copolymers in Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1300-1305. [PMID: 35549051 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of chiral block copolymers (BCPs*) can give rise to ordered chiral nanostructures, that is, a helical phase (H* phase), via chirality transfer from the molecular level to mesoscale. In the present work, we reported the self-assembly of BCPs* under one-dimensional spatial confinement. The morphological dependence of self-assembled BCPs* on the molecular weights and the film thickness was investigated. As chiral nanostructures, the H* phase can be formed in bulk, nonchiral nanostructures that were observed in the thin films. Also, the topology effect of self-assembly of BCPs* was examined. The self-assembly of BCPs* with a star-shaped topology exhibited a distinct morphology compared with that of linear BCPs*. The present work provides new insight into the chirality transfer of macromolecules under spatial confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangjian Zeng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, China
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Wen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Sun J, Lee C, Osuji CO, Gopalan P. Synthesis of High Etch Contrast Poly(3-hydroxystyrene)-Based Triblock Copolymers and Self-Assembly of Sub-5 nm Features. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Lin TY, Tu CW, Aimi J, Huang YW, Jamnongkan T, Hsueh HY, Lin KYA, Huang CF. Miktoarm Star Copolymers Prepared by Transformation from Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization to Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (ESCP- Ŧ-NMP) toward Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2392. [PMID: 34578713 PMCID: PMC8467092 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) serves as a powerful tool nowadays for the preparations of unique linear and non-linear macromolecules. In this study, enhanced spin capturing polymerizations (ESCPs) of styrene (St) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) monomers were, respectively, conducted in the presence of difunctional (1Z,1'Z)-1,1'-(1,4-phenylene) bis (N-tert-butylmethanimine oxide) (PBBN) nitrone. Four-arm (PSt)4 and (PtBA)4 star macroinitiators (MIs) can be afforded. By correspondingly switching the second monomer (i.e., tBA and St), miktoarm star copolymers (μ-stars) of (PSt)2-μ-(PtBA-b-PSt)2 and (PtBA)2-μ-(PSt-b-PtBA)2) were thus obtained. We further conducted hydrolysis of the PtBA segments to PAA (i.e., poly(acrylic acid)) in μ-stars to afford amphiphilic μ-stars of (PSt)2-μ-(PAA-b-PSt)2 and (PAA)2-μ-(PSt-b-PAA)2. We investigated each polymerization step and characterized the obtained two sets of "sequence-isomeric" μ-stars by FT-IR, 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Interestingly, we identified their physical property differences in the case of amphiphilic μ-stars by water contact angle (WCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. We thus proposed two microstructures caused by the difference of polymer chain sequences. Through this polymerization transformation (Ŧ) approach (i.e., ESCP-Ŧ-NMP), we demonstrated an interesting and facile strategy for the preparations of μ-stars with adjustable/switchable interior and exterior polymer structures toward the preparations of various nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yao Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Junko Aimi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand;
| | - Han-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, iCAST, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
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13
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Park SY, Jeong HU, Lee J, Jang J, Kim S, Choi C, Kim JU, Kim JK. Graphoepitaxy of Symmetric Six-Arm Star-Shaped Poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-Polystyrene Copolymer Thin Film. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100411. [PMID: 34347926 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors perform directed self-assembly based on graphoepitaxy of symmetric six-arm star-shaped poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene copolymer [(PMMA-b-PS)6 ] thin film. The affinity between each block and the trench wall is adjusted by using polymer brushes or selective gold (Au) deposition. When the surface of the trench is strongly selective for the PMMA block, (n+0.75)L0 thick (n is the number of the lamellae, L0 is lamellar domain spacing) lamellae parallel to the trench wall are formed at each side, while nanotubes are formed away from the trench wall. However, for a trench grafted with PS brushes, nanotubes are formed beside (n+0.25)L0 thick lamellar layers. By adjusting the trench width (W) and the affinity between the block and the wall, various dual nanopatterns consisting of lines and nanotubes are fabricated. Moreover, when the trench wall is selectively deposited by Au, asymmetric dual nanopattern is formed, where different numbers of lines exist on each side wall, while nanotubes are formed in the middle of the trench. The observed morphologies depending on the commensurability condition between W and L0 are consistent with predictions by self-consistent field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon U Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeup U Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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14
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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15
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Liu W, Zhang L, Chen R, Wu X, Yang S, Wei Y. The Phase Aggregation Behavior of the Blend Materials Block Copolymer Polystyrene‐
b
‐Polycarbonate (PS‐
b
‐PC) and Homopolymer Polystyrene (PS). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Liu
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMECAS) No. 3 Beitucheng West Road Beijing 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A), Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMECAS) No. 3 Beitucheng West Road Beijing 100029 China
| | - Rui Chen
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMECAS) No. 3 Beitucheng West Road Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xin Wu
- Jiangsu HanTop Photo‐Materials Co., Ltd Floor 4‐5, Building No. 9, No. 1158 Zhongxin Rd Shanghai 201621 China
| | - Shang Yang
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMECAS) No. 3 Beitucheng West Road Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yayi Wei
- Integrated Circuit Advanced Process Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMECAS) No. 3 Beitucheng West Road Beijing 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A), Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
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16
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Abate AA, Piqueras CM, Vega DA. Defect-Induced Order–Order Phase Transition in Triblock Copolymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella A. Abate
- Department of Physics. Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cristian M. Piqueras
- Department of Chemical Engineering. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Vega
- Department of Physics. Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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17
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Hsu CJ, Tu CW, Huang YW, Kuo SW, Lee RH, Liu YT, Hsueh HY, Aimi J, Huang CF. Synthesis of poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) four-arm star block copolymers via ATRP and their self-assembly behaviors. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Park SY, Choi C, Jang J, Kim E, Seo Y, Lee J, Kim JK, Jeong HU, Kim JU. Thin-Film Morphology of Symmetric Six-Arm Star-Shaped Poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-Polystyrene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseol Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseong Seo
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon U Jeong
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeup U. Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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19
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Miskaki C, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Artopoiadis K, Chang CY, Bersenev EA, Moschovas D, Ivanov DA, Ho RM, Avgeropoulos A. Self-Assembly of Low-Molecular-Weight Asymmetric Linear Triblock Terpolymers: How Low Can We Go? Molecules 2020; 25:E5527. [PMID: 33255708 PMCID: PMC7728154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two (2) novel triblock terpolymers of the ABC type and one (1) of the BAC type, where A, B and C are chemically different segments, such as polystyrene (PS), poly(butadiene) (PB1,4) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), is reported; moreover, their corresponding molecular and bulk characterizations were performed. Very low dimensions are evident from the characterization in bulk from transmission electron microscopy studies, verified by small-angle X-ray data, since sub-16 nm domains are evident in all three cases. The self-assembly results justify the assumptions that the high Flory-Huggins parameter, χ, even in low molecular weights, leads to significantly well-ordered structures, despite the complexity of the systems studied. Furthermore, it is the first time that a structure/properties relationship was studied for such systems in bulk, potentially leading to prominent applications in nanotechnology and nanopatterning, for as low as sub-10 nm thin-film manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Miskaki
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Artopoiadis
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Cheng-Yen Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National TsingHua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (R.-M.H.)
| | - Egor A. Bersenev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.A.); (D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.B.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.B.); (D.A.I.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse–IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National TsingHua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (R.-M.H.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.M.); (I.M.); (G.-M.M.); (K.A.); (D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.B.); (D.A.I.)
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20
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Gu X, Li W. Impact of Thin-Film Confinement on the Packing of Low-Coordinate Spheres in Bulk. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 2004338, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 2004338, China
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21
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Ji X, Li W. Effect of chain architectures on the domain spacing of block copolymers with equivalent segregation degrees. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17824-17832. [PMID: 32743617 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is crucial to lower the domain spacing in the application of directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers. Architectural design of block copolymers provides a possible route. However, the change of the segregation degree is always coupled with that of domain spacing. Therefore, we rescale the segregation degrees of different multiblock copolymers with reference to that of the AB diblock using self-consistent field theory (SCFT), including the [AB]n linear multiblock, AnBn multi-arm star and Ad,nBd,n dendron-like, such that the density profiles of the lamellar morphology are consistent. Then we compare the lamellar periods of these different copolymers under the condition of equivalent segregation degrees. We find that the star and dendron-like architectures can significantly lower the domain spacing relative to that of the AB diblock, especially when the arm number or the generation number is large. On one hand, our work presents a simple criterion for quantifying the reduction of domain spacing of a specific multiblock architecture relative to that of the AB diblock. On the other hand, our conclusion provides a useful guide for the application of directed self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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22
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Dong L, Chandra A, Wylie K, Nakatani R, Nabae Y, Hayakawa T. The Role of Liquid Crystalline Side Chains for Long-range Ordering in the Block Copolymer Thin Films. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Alvin Chandra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Kevin Wylie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Ryuichi Nakatani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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23
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Park SY, Choi C, Lee KS, Kim E, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim JK. Microdomain Orientation of Star-Shaped Block Copolymer Thin Film Depending on Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Seong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseol Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Ahn
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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24
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The effect of poly(alkyl (meth)acrylate) segments on the thermodynamic properties, morphology and gas permeation properties of poly(alkyl (meth)acrylate)-b-poly(dimethyl siloxane) triblock copolymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Huang CF, Huang YS, Lai KY. Synthesis and self-assembly of Poly(N-octyl benzamide)-μ-poly(ε-caprolactone) miktoarm star copolymers displaying uniform nanofibril morphology. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Zeng X, Zhang S, Zheng N, Yu S, Li X, Ageishi M, Lotz B, Liu G, Cao Y. Diversified α-phase nanostructure of isotactic polypropylene under cylindrical confinement via cross diffraction analysis. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Travis S. Laws
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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28
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Wen T, Wang HF, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Three-dimensional visualization of phase transition in polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane thin film. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Isono T, Kawakami N, Watanabe K, Yoshida K, Otsuka I, Mamiya H, Ito H, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Borsali R, Satoh T. Microphase separation of carbohydrate-based star-block copolymers with sub-10 nm periodicity. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01745j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Star-block copolymers consisting of polycaprolactone and maltotriose segments with three, four, and six arms were synthesized to achieve sub-10 nm microphase-separated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Nao Kawakami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshida
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Issei Otsuka
- Univ. Grenoble Alps
- CNRS
- CERMAV
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - Hiroaki Mamiya
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Ibaraki 305-0047
- Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD)
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | | | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
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30
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Wei W, Xiong H. Orientation and Morphology Control of the Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer Thin Film by Liquid Crystalline Solvent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15455-15461. [PMID: 30422666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The critical challenge to engineer the morphological structures in the strongly phase-segregated block copolymer thin film is to overcome the preferential wetting of the blocks at the interface and direct the self-assembly process. Herein, we utilize surface activity and selective solvation of a nematic (N) liquid crystalline (LC) solvent, 5CB, to facilely alter the LC anchoring and the orientation of the nanophase separated structures of the smectic-nematic (S-N) LC block copolymer thin film. For the neat S-N diblock copolymer thin film, the nanostructures are parallel aligned. In contrast, with continuous introduction of 5CB into the system, the orientations of the characteristic nanostructures and the morphologies of the LC thin film can be consequently changed, yielding the perpendicularly oriented lamellar or cylindrical structures with the feature size below 10 nm. The homeotropic alignment of the 5CB nematics near the air interface plays a critical role to induce this unique behavior in the S-N/5CB systems, which offers an opportunity to fine-tune the interfacial structures and the morphological patterning in the block copolymer thin film.
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31
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Wang HS, Kim KH, Bang J. Thermal Approaches to Perpendicular Block Copolymer Microdomains in Thin Films: A Review and Appraisal. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800728. [PMID: 30500096 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer thin films are highly versatile and accessible materials capable of producing nanofeatures in the size regime of a few to hundreds of nanometers by a simple spin-coating-and-anneal process. Unfortunately, this simple protocol usually leads to parallel microdomains, which limits the applicability of such nanofeatures. A great deal of effort has been put into achieving perpendicular microdomains, but those that incorporate thermal annealing are arguably the most practical and reproducible in the lab and industry. This review discusses the recent ongoing efforts on various thermal approaches to achieving perpendicular microdomains in order to provide the readers with a toolbox to work with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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32
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Lu KY, Wang HF, Lin JW, Chuang WT, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Shi AC, Ho RM. Self-Alignment of Cylinder-Forming Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron
Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Prokopios Georgopanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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33
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Azuma K, Sun J, Choo Y, Rokhlenko Y, Dwyer JH, Schweitzer B, Hayakawa T, Osuji CO, Gopalan P. Self-Assembly of an Ultrahigh-χ Block Copolymer with Versatile Etch Selectivity. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koei Azuma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | | | - Youngwoo Choo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yekaterina Rokhlenko
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | | | | | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S8-36 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Chinedum O. Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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34
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Lee KS, Lee J, Choi C, Seo Y, Moon HC, Kim JK. Vertically Oriented Nanostructures of Poly(3-dodecylthiophene)-Containing Rod–Coil Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Seong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseong Seo
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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35
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Song JQ, Liu YX, Zhang HD. Removal Pathways of Out-of-Plane Defects in Thin Films of Lamellar Forming Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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36
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Chen X, Zhou C, Chen SJ, Craig GSW, Rincon-Delgadillo P, Dazai T, Miyagi K, Maehashi T, Yamazaki A, Gronheid R, Stoykovich MP, Nealey PF. Ionic Liquids as Additives to Polystyrene- Block-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Enabling Directed Self-Assembly of Patterns with Sub-10 nm Features. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16747-16759. [PMID: 29667409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene- block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS- b-PMMA) is one of the prototypical block copolymers in directed self-assembly (DSA) research and development, with standardized protocols in place for processing on industrially relevant 300 mm wafers. Scaling of DSA patterns to pitches below 20 nm using PS- b-PMMA, however, is hindered by the relatively low Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. Here, we investigate the approach of adding small amounts of ionic liquids (ILs) into PS- b-PMMA, which selectively segregates into the PMMA domain and effectively increases the χ parameter and thus the pattern resolution. The amount of IL additive is small enough to result in limited changes in PS- b-PMMA's surface and interfacial properties, thus maintaining industry-friendly processing by thermal annealing with a free surface. Three different ILs are studied comparatively regarding their compositional process window, capability of increasing χ, and thermal stability. By adding ∼3.1 vol % of the champion IL into a low-molecular-weight PS- b-PMMA ( Mn = 10.3k- b-9.5k), we demonstrated DSA on chemically patterned substrates of lamellar structures with feature sizes <8.5 nm. Compatibility of the PS- b-PMMMA/IL blends with the standardized processes that have been previously developed suggests that such blend materials could provide a drop-in solution for sub-10 nm lithography with the processing advantages of PS- b-PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Chen
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- IMEC , Kapeldreef 75 , Leuven B-3001 , Belgium
| | - Chun Zhou
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Shuang-Jun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Technology , 5 Xin Mo Fan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210009 , China
| | - Gordon S W Craig
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | | | - Takahiro Dazai
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | - Ken Miyagi
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | - Takaya Maehashi
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamazaki
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | | | - Mark P Stoykovich
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Material Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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37
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Krishnan MR, Lu KY, Chiu WY, Chen IC, Lin JW, Lo TY, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Lee MC, Ho RM. Directed Self-Assembly of Star-Block Copolymers by Topographic Nanopatterns through Nucleation and Growth Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704005. [PMID: 29573555 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the ordering mechanism and dynamics of self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) thin films under confined conditions are highly essential in the application of BCP lithography. In this study, it is aimed to examine the self-assembling mechanism and kinetics of silicon-containing 3-arm star-block copolymer composed of polystyrene (PS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) blocks as nanostructured thin films with perpendicular cylinders and controlled lateral ordering by directed self-assembly using topographically patterned substrates. The ordering process of the star-block copolymer within fabricated topographic patterns with PS-functionalized sidewall can be carried out through the type of secondary (i.e., heterogeneous) nucleation for microphase separation initiated from the edge and/or corner of the topographic patterns, and directed to grow as well-ordered hexagonally packed perpendicular cylinders. The growth rate for the confined microphase separation is highly dependent upon the dimension and also the geometric texture of the preformed pattern. Fast self-assembly for ordering of BCP thin film can be achieved by lowering the confinement dimension and also increasing the concern number of the preformed pattern, providing a new strategy for the design of BCP lithography from the integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Raj Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ya Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Prokopios Georgopanos
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmoltz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Ming-Chang Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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38
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Seo Y, Jang S, Ahn S, Mishra AK, Kim JK, Lee WB. Phase Behavior of 18-Arm Star-Shaped Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymers with Different Second Block Initiations. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeseong Seo
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsin Jang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Ahn
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Avnish Kumar Mishra
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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39
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Chernyy S, Kirkensgaard JJK, Mahalik JP, Kim H, Arras MML, Kumar R, Sumpter BG, Smith GS, Mortensen K, Russell TP, Almdal K. Bulk and Surface Morphologies of ABC Miktoarm Star Terpolymers Composed of PDMS, PI, and PMMA Arms. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Chernyy
- DTU
Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Kell Mortensen
- Niels
Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU
Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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40
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41
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Rebello N, Sethuraman V, Blachut G, Ellison CJ, Willson CG, Ganesan V. Influence of topographically patterned angled guidelines on directed self-assembly of block copolymers. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:052501. [PMID: 29347737 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Single chain in mean-field Monte Carlo simulations were employed to study the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCP) in thin films that use trapezoidal guidelines to direct the orientation and alignment of lamellar patterns. The present study explored the influence of sidewall interactions and geometry of the trapezoidal guidelines on the self-assembly of perpendicularly oriented lamellar morphologies. When both the sidewall and the top surface exhibit preferential interactions to the same block of the BCP, trapezoidal guidelines with intermediate taper angles were found to result in less defective perpendicularly orientated morphologies. Similarly, when the sidewall and top surface are preferential to distinct blocks of the BCP, intermediate tapering angles were found to be optimal in promoting defect free structures. Such results are rationalized based on the energetics arising in the formation of perpendicularly oriented lamella on patterned substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Rebello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - Gregory Blachut
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - C Grant Willson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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42
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Ahmad R, Kim JK, Kim JH, Kim J. Effect of polymer template on structure and membrane fouling of TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 composite membranes for wastewater treatment. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Lu KY, Lo TY, Georgopanos P, Avgeropoulos A, Shi AC, Ho RM. Orienting Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Films with Perpendicular Cylinders via Entropy and Surface Plasma Treatment. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Ya Lo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Prokopios Georgopanos
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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44
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Lee KS, Lee J, Kwak J, Moon HC, Kim JK. Reduction of Line Edge Roughness of Polystyrene-block-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymer Nanopatterns By Introducing Hydrogen Bonding at the Junction Point of Two Block Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31245-31251. [PMID: 28218827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To apply well-defined block copolymer nanopatterns to next-generation lithography or high-density storage devices, small line edge roughness (LER) of nanopatterns should be realized. Although polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) has been widely used to fabricate nanopatterns because of easy perpendicular orientation of the block copolymer nanodomains and effective removal of PMMA block by dry etching, the fabricated nanopatterns show poorer line edge roughness (LER) due to relatively small Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) between PS and PMMA chains. Here, we synthesized PS-b-PMMA with urea (U) and N-(4-aminomethyl-benzyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-benzamide (BA) moieties at junction of PS and PMMA chains (PS-U-BA-PMMA) to improve the LER. The U-BA moieties serves as favorable interaction (hydrogen bonding) sites. The LER of PS line patterns obtained from PS-U-BA-PMMA was reduced ∼25% compared with that obtained from neat PS-b-PMMA without BA and U moieties. This is attributed to narrower interfacial width induced by hydrogen bonding between two blocks, which is confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering. This result implies that the introduction of hydrogen bonding into block copolymer interfaces offers an opportunity to fabricate well-defined nanopatterns with improved LER by block copolymer self-assembly, which could be a promising alternative to next-generation extreme ultraviolet lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Seong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongheon Kwak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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45
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Deng H, Li W, Qiu F, Shi AC. Self-Assembled Morphologies of Linear and Miktoarm Star Triblock Copolymer Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4642-4649. [PMID: 28402641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monolayers of linear and miktoarm star ABC triblock copolymers with equal A and C blocks were investigated using self-consistent field theory. Monolayers of ABC triblock copolymers were formed between two parallel surfaces that were attractive to the A and C blocks. The repulsive interaction parameter χACN between the A and C blocks was chosen to be weaker than the A/B and B/C interactions, quantified by χABN and χBCN, respectively, such that the B blocks were confined at the A/C interface, resulting in various B domains with different geometries and arrangements. It was observed that two variables, namely, the strength of the surface fields and the film thickness, were dominant factors controlling the self-assembly of the B blocks into various morphologies. For the linear triblock copolymers, the morphologies of the B domains included disks, stripes (parallel cylinders), and hexagonal networks (inverse disks). For the miktoarm star triblock copolymers, the competition between the tendency to align the junction points along a straight line and the constraint on their arrangement from the surface interactions led to richer ordered morphologies. As a result of the packing of the junction points of the ABC miktoarm star copolymers, a counterintuitive phase sequence from low-curvature phases to high-curvature phases with increasing length of B block was predicted. The study indicates that the self-assembly of monolayers of ABC triblock copolymers provides an interesting platform for engineering novel morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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46
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Wang ZD, Yan CF, Huang Y, Yi LQ. Dependence of size and morphology on shear flow for PS-based amphiphilic block copolymer micelles in aqueous solution. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Georgopanos P, Lo TY, Ho RM, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis, molecular characterization and self-assembly of (PS-b-PDMS)n type linear (n = 1, 2) and star (n = 3, 4) block copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined linear (n = 1, 2) and star (n = 3, 4) architecture (PS-b-PDMS)n block copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization in combination with chlorosilane chemistry. The self-assembly is significantly influenced by entropy constraints for the star samples due to overcrowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios Georgopanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering
- University of Ioannina
- Ioannina 45110
- Greece
- Institute of Polymer Research
| | - Ting-Ya Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Republic of China
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48
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Huang CF, Aimi J, Lai KY. Synthesis of Novel μ-Star Copolymers with Poly(N-Octyl Benzamide) and Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Miktoarms through Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization, Styrenics-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling, and Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung 40227 Taiwan
| | - Junko Aimi
- Molecular Design & Function Group; Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Kuan-Yu Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuo Kuang Road Taichung 40227 Taiwan
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49
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Lee K, Kreider M, Bai W, Cheng LC, Dinachali SS, Tu KH, Huang T, Ntetsikas K, Liontos G, Avgeropoulos A, Ross CA. UV-solvent annealing of PDMS-majority and PS-majority PS-b-PDMS block copolymer films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:465301. [PMID: 27736809 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/465301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The response of polystyrene-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) thin films to UV exposure during solvent vapor annealing is described, in order to improve their applicability in nanolithography and nanofabrication. Two BCPs were examined, one with the PS block as majority (f PS = 68%, M n = 53 kg mol-1), the other with PDMS block as majority (f PDMS = 67%, M n = 44 kg mol-1). A 5 min UV irradiation was applied during solvent vapor annealing which led to both partial crosslinking of the polymer and a small increase in the temperature of the annealing chamber. This approach was effective for improving the correlation length of the self-assembled microdomain arrays and in limiting subsequent flow of the PDMS in the PDMS-majority BCP to preserve the post-anneal morphology. Ordering and orientation of microdomains were controlled by directed self-assembly of the BCPs in trench substrates. Highly-ordered perpendicular nanochannel arrays were obtained in the PDMS-majority BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keehong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung-City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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50
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Nakatani R, Takano H, Wang L, Chandra A, Tanaka Y, Maeda R, Kihara N, Minegishi S, Miyagi K, Kasahara Y, Sato H, Seino Y, Azuma T, Ober CK, Hayakawa T. Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-containing Block Copolymers via RAFT. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2016. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.29.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nakatani
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Hiroki Takano
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Alvin Chandra
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Rina Maeda
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Naoko Kihara
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | - Shinya Minegishi
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | - Ken Miyagi
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | - Yusuke Kasahara
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | - Hironobu Sato
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | - Yuriko Seino
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | - Tsukasa Azuma
- DSA Research Department, EUVL Infrastructure Development Center, Inc
| | | | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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