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Chen M, Gao M, Bai L, Zheng H, Qi HJ, Zhou K. Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209566. [PMID: 36461147 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are renowned for their large, reversible, and anisotropic shape change in response to various external stimuli due to their lightly cross-linked polymer networks with an oriented mesogen direction, thus showing great potential for applications in robotics, bio-medics, electronics, optics, and energy. To fully take advantage of the anisotropic stimuli-responsive behaviors of LCEs, it is preferable to achieve a locally controlled mesogen alignment into monodomain orientations. In recent years, the application of 4D printing to LCEs opens new doors for simultaneously programming the mesogen alignment and the 3D geometry, offering more opportunities and higher feasibility for the fabrication of 4D-printed LCE objects with desirable stimuli-responsive properties. Here, the state-of-the-art advances in 4D printing of LCEs are reviewed, with emphasis on both the mechanisms and potential applications. First, the fundamental properties of LCEs and the working principles of the representative 4D printing techniques are briefly introduced. Then, the fabrication of LCEs by 4D printing techniques and the advantages over conventional manufacturing methods are demonstrated. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and potential development trends toward the 4D printing of LCEs are discussed, which may shed light on future research directions in this new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Gao
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lichun Bai
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410075, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - H Jerry Qi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Zhang X, Yao L, Yan H, Zhang Y, Han D, He Y, Li C, Zhang J. Optical wavelength selective actuation of dye doped liquid crystalline elastomers by quasi-daylight. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9181-9196. [PMID: 36437786 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We explore obtaining different photo responses of liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) materials through modulating the optical wavelengths in order to promote the development of precise photocontrol on LCE actuators, and thus study the effect of light-absorbing dyes with different absorption bands on the selective actuation of LCE materials. The dye-doped LCEs were prepared by incorporating special visible absorber dyes into thiol-acrylate main chain LCE (MC-LCE) matrices. The dyes showed photo actuation performance to LCEs due to the photothermal effects. But, every dye-doped LCE could be effectively actuated by light irradiation whose wavelength was inside its absorption band, but could not be effectively actuated by the light whose wavelength was beyond its absorption band. Wavelength selective actuation effects, no matter actuating deformation or actuating force, could be remarkably demonstrated by these dye-doped LCEs through filtering the same quasi-daylight source to be different wavelength bands. Our work opens up a significant way for the precise and convenient photo actuation of LCE actuators, while expanding the utilization potential of quasi-daylight, and further natural sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Liru Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Huixuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Dongxu Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yifan He
- Institute of Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chensha Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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Shape memory elastomers: A review of synthesis, design, advanced manufacturing, and emerging applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang J, Sun D, Zhang B, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen J, Chen J, Song Y, Liu X. Intrinsic carbon nanotube liquid crystalline elastomer photoactuators for high-definition biomechanics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1045-1056. [PMID: 35040453 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01810h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive soft actuators with the unique merits of flexibility, contactless operation, and remote control have huge potential in technological applications of bionic robotics and biomedical devices. Herein, a facile strategy was proposed to prepare an intrinsically-photoresponsive elastomer by chemically grafting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a thermally-sensitive liquid-crystalline elastomer (LCE) network. Highly effective dispersion and nematic orientation of CNTs in the intrinsic LCE matrix were observed to yield anchoring energies ranging from 1.65 × 10-5 J m-2 to 5.49 × 10-7 J m-2, which significantly enhanced the mechanical and photothermal properties of the photoresponsive elastomer. When embedding an ultralow loading of CNTs (0.1 wt%), the tensile strength of the LCE increased by 420% to 13.89 MPa (||) and 530% to 3.94 MPa (⊥) and exhibited a stable response to repeated alternating cooling and heating cycles, as well as repeated UV and infrared irradiation. Furthermore, the shape transformation, locomotion, and photo-actuation capabilities allow the CNT/LCE actuator to be applied in high-definition biomechanical applications, such as phototactic flowers, serpentine robots and artificial muscles. This design strategy may provide a promising method to manufacture high-precision, remote-control smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center of Advanced Analysis & Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuiren Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yaming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Kim HJ, Kim B, Auh Y, Kim E. Conjugated Organic Photothermal Films for Spatiotemporal Thermal Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005940. [PMID: 34050686 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of photoenergy harvesting and thermal engineering, photothermal materials (PTMs) have attracted substantial interest due to their unique functions such as localized heat generation, spatiotemporal thermal controllability, invisibility, and light harvesting capabilities. In particular, π-conjugated organic PTMs show advantages over inorganic or metallic PTMs in thin film applications due to their large light absorptivity, ease of synthesis and tunability of molecular structures for realizing high NIR absorption, flexibility, and solution processability. This review is intended to provide an overview of organic PTMs, including both molecular and polymeric PTMs. A description of the photothermal (PT) effect and conversion efficiency (ηPT ) for organic films is provided. After that, the chemical structure and optical properties of organic PTMs are discussed. Finally, emerging applications of organic PT films from the perspective of spatiotemporal thermal engineering principles are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Byeonggwan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yanghyun Auh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Herman J, Harmata P, Czerwiński M, Strzeżysz O, Pytlarczyk M, Zając M, Kula P. Synthesis, Mesomorphism and the Optical Properties of Alkyl-deuterated Nematogenic 4-[(2,6-Difluorophenyl)ethynyl]biphenyls. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164653. [PMID: 34443176 PMCID: PMC8399011 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new deuterated liquid crystal (LC) compounds based on phenyl tolane core is described in this paper. The work presents an alternative molecular approach to the conventional LC design. Correlations between molecular structure and mesomorphic and optical properties for compounds which are alkyl-hydrogen terminated and alkyl-deuterium, have been drawn. The compounds are characterized by mass spectrometry (electron ionization) analysis and infrared spectroscopy. They show enantiotropic nematic behavior in a broad temperature range, confirmed by a polarizing thermomicroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Detailed synthetic procedures are attached. Synthesized compounds show a significantly reduced absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) and medium-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation range, and stand as promising components of medium to highly birefringent liquid crystalline mixtures.
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Sun D, Zhang J, Li H, Shi Z, Meng Q, Liu S, Chen J, Liu X. Toward Application of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer for Smart Robotics: State of the Art and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1889. [PMID: 34204168 PMCID: PMC8201031 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are lightly crosslinked polymers that combine liquid crystalline order and rubber elasticity. Owing to their unique anisotropic behavior and reversible shape responses to external stimulation (temperature, light, etc.), LCEs have emerged as preferred candidates for actuators, artificial muscles, sensors, smart robots, or other intelligent devices. Herein, we discuss the basic action, control mechanisms, phase transitions, and the structure-property correlation of LCEs; this review provides a comprehensive overview of LCEs for applications in actuators and other smart devices. Furthermore, the synthesis and processing of liquid crystal elastomer are briefly discussed, and the current challenges and future opportunities are prospected. With all recent progress pertaining to material design, sophisticated manipulation, and advanced applications presented, a vision for the application of LCEs in the next generation smart robots or automatic action systems is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Juzhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Zhengya Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuiren Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (D.S.); (Z.S.); (Q.M.); (J.C.); (X.L.)
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Chen L, Chu D, Cheng ZA, Wang M, Huang S. Designing seamless-welded liquid-crystalline soft actuators with a “glue-free” method by dynamic boroxines. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Niu H, Ridi B, Shu J, Fang X, Li C, Wang B, Gao Y, Sun L, Cao M. A study of the microwave actuation of a liquid crystalline elastomer. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7332-7341. [PMID: 32685953 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for actuating LCE materials by microwave radiation. The microwave actuation performance of a polysiloxane-based nematic liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) was investigated. The microwave-material interaction caused a dipolar loss, which created a heating effect to trigger the nematic-isotropic transition of the LCE matrix, thus leading to the deformation actuation of the LCE material. This energy conversion from radiant energy to thermal energy provided a contactless pathway to actuate the LCE material without the aid of other components acting as energy converters. The LCE demonstrated rapid maximum contraction upon microwave irradiation, and this microwave-stimulated response was fully reversible when the microwave irradiation was switched off. More importantly, the microwave actuation exhibited superiority relative to photo-actuation, which is the usual method of contactless actuation. The microwaves can penetrate the opaque thick barriers to effectively actuate the LCE due to their strong penetrability; they can also penetrate multiple LCE samples and actuate them almost simultaneously. By taking advantage of the salient features of microwave actuation, a microwave detector system, implementing the LCE as an actuator material, was fabricated. This demonstrated the performance of monitoring microwave irradiation intensities with good sensitivity and convenient manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yuchang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xixi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Hongyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Buyinga Ridi
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Jincheng Shu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyong Fang
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Chensha Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Binsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yachen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Liguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Maosheng Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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Ohzono T, Norikane Y, Saed MO, Terentjev EM. Light-Driven Dynamic Adhesion on Photosensitized Nematic Liquid Crystalline Elastomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31992-31997. [PMID: 32609481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), the internal mechanical loss increases around the nematic-isotropic phase transition and remains high all through the nematic phase, originating from the internal orientational relaxation related to the so-called "soft elasticity". Because the viscoelastic dissipation of the materials affects their adhesion properties, the nematic-isotropic phase transition can cause dramatic changes in the adhesion strength. Although the phase transitions can generally be induced by heat, here, we demonstrate the light-driven transition in dynamic adhesion in dye-doped nematic LCE. The special dye is chosen to efficiently generate local heat on light absorption. The adhesion strength is lowered with fine tunability depending on the light power, which governs the effective local temperature and through that the viscoelastic damping of the system. We demonstrate the light-assisted dynamic control of adhesion in a 90°-peel test and in pick-and-release of objects, which may lead to the development of stimuli-responsive adhesive systems with fine spatio-temporal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mohand O Saed
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Eugene M Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
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Matai I, Kaur G, Soni S, Sachdev A, Vikas, Mishra S. Near-infrared stimulated hydrogel patch for photothermal therapeutics and thermoresponsive drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111960. [PMID: 32688263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology driven cancer theranostics hold potential as promising future clinical modalities. Currently, there is a strong emphasis on the development of combinational modalities, especially for cancer treatment. In this study, we present a topical hydrogel patch for nanomaterial-assisted photothermal therapeutics as well as for on-demand drug delivery application. The patch was derived from interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of alginate (Alg) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) in weight ratio 8:1 by free radical polymerization. The patch interiors were composed of hybrid nanostructures derived from gold nanorods (AuNRs) anchored onto polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) functionalized graphene oxide (PVP-nGO) to form PVP-nGO@AuNRs hybrids. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed the porous nature of the hybrid hydrogel patch with an average pore size of ~28.60 ± 3.10 μm. Besides, functional characteristics of the hybrid patch, such as mechanical strength, viscoelastic and swelling behavior, were investigated. Under near-infrared (NIR) radiation exposure, the hybrid patch exhibited photothermal properties such as surface temperature rise to 75.16 ± 0.32 °C, sufficient to ablate cancer cells thermally. Besides, the heat generated in the hybrid patch could be transmitted to an underlying hydrogel (mimicking skin tissue) when stacked together without much loss. Under cyclic photothermal heating, the patch could retain its photothermal stability for four cycles. Furthermore, the hybrid patch demonstrated NIR stimulated drug release, which was evaluated using methotrexate (MTX, water-insoluble anticancer drug) and rhodamine B (RhB, water-soluble dye). Taken together, this work provides a new dimension towards the development of externally placed hydrogel patches for thermal destruction of localized solid tumors and tunable delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs at the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Matai
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh 160030, India.
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Sanjeev Soni
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Abhay Sachdev
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Vikas
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Sunita Mishra
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh 160030, India
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A Review on Liquid Crystal Polymers in Free-Standing Reversible Shape Memory Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051241. [PMID: 32164147 PMCID: PMC7179413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystal polymers have attracted massive attention as stimuli-responsive shape memory materials due to their unique reversible large-scale and high-speed actuations. These materials can be utilized to fabricate artificial muscles, sensors, and actuators driven by thermal order–disorder phase transition or trans–cis photoisomerization. This review collects most commonly used liquid crystal monomers and techniques to macroscopically order and align liquid crystal materials (monodomain), highlighting the unique materials on the thermal and photo responsive reversible shape memory effects. Challenges and potential future applications are also discussed.
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Ndaya D, Bosire R, Vaidya S, Kasi RM. Molecular engineering of stimuli-responsive, functional, side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers: synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent progress made in designing stimuli-responsive, functional, side-chain, end-on mesogen attached liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Ndaya
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
| | - Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
| | | | - Rajeswari M. Kasi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
- Polymer Program
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Qin B, Yang W, Xu J, Wang X, Li X, Li C, Gao Y, Wang QE. Photo-Actuation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Materials Doped with Visible Absorber Dyes under Quasi-Daylight. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:polym12010054. [PMID: 31906200 PMCID: PMC7023533 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of visible absorber dyes on the photo-actuation performances of liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) materials under quasi-daylight irradiation. The dye-doped LCE materials were prepared through infiltrating visible absorber dyes into a polysiloxane-based LCE matrix based on its solvent-swollen characteristic. They demonstrated well absorption properties in visible spectrum range and performed strong actuation upon the irradiation from quasi-daylight source, thus indicating that the presence of visible absorber dyes effectively sensitized the LCE materials to light irradiation since the light energy was absorbed by the dyes and then converted into heat to trigger the phase change of LCE matrix. The photo-actuation properties of dye-doped LCE materials with different visible absorber dyes, varied dye contents, and irradiation intensities were investigated. It was shown that the visible absorber dyes with different absorption bands created different photo-actuation performances of LCE materials, the one whose absorption band is near the intensity peak position of quasi-daylight spectrum created the optimum photo-actuation performance. The result disclosed a valuable light utilization way for photo-controlled LCE materials since it revealed that a light-absorbing dye, whose absorption band is in the high intensity region of light spectrum, is capable of effectively utilizing light energy to drive the actuation of LCE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (B.Q.); (J.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Applied Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (B.Q.); (J.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (B.Q.); (J.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangman Li
- Women and Children Health Centre of Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Chensha Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (B.Q.); (J.X.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Q.-eW.); Tel.: +86-451-8660-8610 (C.L.); +86-10-6898-7110 (Q.-eW.)
| | - Yachen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Qiao-e Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Q.-eW.); Tel.: +86-451-8660-8610 (C.L.); +86-10-6898-7110 (Q.-eW.)
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16
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Rastogi P, Njuguna J, Kandasubramanian B. Exploration of elastomeric and polymeric liquid crystals with photothermal actuation: A review. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Xu J, Chen S, Yang W, Qin B, Wang X, Wang Y, Cao M, Gao Y, Li C, Dong Y. Photo actuation of liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites incorporated with gold nanoparticles based on surface plasmon resonance. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6116-6126. [PMID: 31286128 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, according to the characteristic of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metallic nanoparticles, we investigated the photo actuation performance of a liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) nanocomposite with incorporated gold nanoparticles (nano-gold/LCE nanocomposite). The nano-gold/LCE nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating gold nanoparticles into a polysiloxane-based LCE matrix via a novel experimental protocol, and characterized by a well-developed SPR absorption band in the visible spectrum range. The nano-gold/LCE nanocomposites demonstrated strong actuation upon irradiation with a quasi-daylight source; the reason lay in that the SPR response of gold nanoparticles performed efficient energy conversion from light energy to thermal energy, and thus offered an activation pathway for the nematic-isotropic transition of the LCE matrix. The nano-gold/LCE nanocomposites underwent rapid maximum axial contraction up to about one third of the original length under light irradiation, and this photo-stimulated muscle-like actuation was fully reversible via the on-off switching of the light source. The photo actuation properties of nano-gold/LCE nanocomposites with varying irradiation intensities and gold nanoparticle content were also investigated. In addition, the nano-gold/LCE nanocomposites demonstrated superior optical nonlinear properties, and revealed potential for the application area of mode-locking for laser technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Applied Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ban Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yuchang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yachen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Chensha Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yinmao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
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18
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Guo F, Zheng X, Liang C, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Jiao Z, Liu Y, Wang HT, Sun H, Ma L, Gao W, Greiner A, Agarwal S, Gao C. Millisecond Response of Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposite Aerogel Powered by Stretchable Graphene Framework. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5549-5558. [PMID: 31013425 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) change shapes as-designed through altering the chain segment movement by external stimuli, promising wide uses in actuators, sensors, drug delivery, and deployable devices. However, the recovery speed of SMPs is still far slower than the benchmark shape memory alloys (SMAs), originating from their intrinsic poor heat transport and retarded viscoelasticity of polymer chains. In this work, monolithic nanocomposite aerogels composed of bicontinuous graphene and SMP networks are designed to promote the recovery time of SMP composites to a record value of 50 ms, comparable to the SMA case. The integration of a stretchable graphene framework as a fast energy transformation grid with ultrathin polycaprolactone nanofilms (tunable at 2.5-60 nm) enables the rapid phase transition of SMPs under electrical stimulation. The graphene-SMP nanocomposite aerogels, with a density of ∼10 mg cm-3, exhibit a fast response (175 ± 40 mm s-1), large deformation (∼100%), and a wide response bandwidth (0.1-20 Hz). The ultrafast response of SMP nanocomposite aerogels confers extensive uses in sensitive fuses, micro-oscillators, artificial muscles, actuators, and soft robotics. The design of bicontinuous ultralight aerogels can be extended to fabricate multifunctional and multiresponsive hybrid materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , China
| | | | | | | | - Haiyan Sun
- Hangzhou Gaoxi Technology Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | | | | | - Andreas Greiner
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , Bayreuth 95440 , Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Macromolecular Chemistry II and Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , Bayreuth 95440 , Germany
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19
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Bi M, He Y, Wang Y, Yang W, Qin B, Xu J, Wang X, Wang B, Dong Y, Gao Y, Li C. Photo Actuation Performance of Nanotube Sheet Incorporated Azobenzene Crosslinked Liquid Crystalline Polymer Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E735. [PMID: 31018552 PMCID: PMC6523392 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosslinked liquid crystalline polymers (CLCPs) containing azobenzene (AZO-CLCPs) are a type of promising material due to their significance in the design of light-driven smart actuators. Developing AZO-CLCP composites by incorporating AZO-CLCPs with other materials is an effective way of enhancing their practicability. Herein, we report an AZO-CLCP/CNT nanocomposite prepared by the in situ polymerization of diacrylates containing azobenzene chromophores on carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets. The liquid crystal phase structure of CLCP matrix was evidenced by the two-dimensional X-ray scattering. The prepared pure AZO-CLCP films and AZO-CLCP/CNT nanocomposite films demonstrated strong reversible photo-triggered deformation under the irradiation of UV light at 366 nm of wavelength, as a result of photo-induced isomerization of azobenzene moieties in the polymer network. But compared to pure AZO-CLCP films, the AZO-CLCP/CNT nanocomposite films could much more rapidly return to their initial shapes after the UV light irradiation was removed due to the elasticity effect of CNT sheets. The deformation behavior of AZO-CLCP/CNT nanocomposite films under the light irradiation was also different from that of the pure AZO-CLCP films due to the interfacial interaction between a polymer network and CNT sheet. Furthermore, incorporation of a CNT sheet remarkably increased the mechanical strength and robustness of the material. We also used this AZO-CLCP/CNT nanocomposite as a microvalve membrane actuator, which can be controlled by light, for a conceptual device of a microfluidic system. The results showed that this AZO-CLCP/CNT nanocomposite may have great potential in smart actuator applications for biological engineering, medical treatment, environment detection and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Bi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 15008, China.
| | - Yifan He
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 15008, China.
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Applied Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Ban Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 15008, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 15008, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 15008, China.
| | - Binsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Yinmao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yachen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Electronics Engineering, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Chensha Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 15008, China.
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20
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Barnes M, Verduzco R. Direct shape programming of liquid crystal elastomers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:870-879. [PMID: 30628627 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are shape morphing materials promising for many applications including soft robotics, actuators, and biomedical devices, but current LCE synthesis techniques lack a simple method to program new and arbitrary shape changes. Here, we demonstrate a straightforward method to directly program complex, reversible, non-planar shape changes in nematic LCEs. We utilize a double network synthesis process that results in a competitive double network LCE. By optimizing the crosslink densities of the first and second network we can mechanically program non-planar shapes with strains between 4-100%. This enables us to directly program LCEs using mechanical deformations that impart low or high strains in the LCE including stamping, curling, stretching and embossing methods. The resulting LCEs reversibly shape-shift between the initial and programmed shape. This work widens the potential application of LCEs in biomedical devices, soft-robotics and micro-fluidics where arbitrary and easily programmed shapes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Barnes
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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21
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Yang X, Chen S, Luo H, Xu H, Chen S. Self-organization of cholesterol-side-chain liquid crystalline polymers by tailoring the main chain structure and flexible spacer length. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystal polymers with cholesterol side-chains formed different smectic A phases under the influence of the main-chain structure and flexible spacer length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Shaonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Hang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
- Xiangtan 411105
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22
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Ahn C, Li K, Cai S. Light or Thermally Powered Autonomous Rolling of an Elastomer Rod. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25689-25696. [PMID: 29990426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Specially arranged external stimuli or carefully designed geometry are often essential for realizing continuous autonomous motion of active structures without self-carried power. As a consequence, it is usually very challenging to further integrate those structures as active building blocks into a system with a complex form and multiple functions. In this letter, we report an autonomous motion of a surprisingly simple setup: a cylindrical elastomer rod on a flat hot surface or under homogeneous illumination of visible light. We further show that the rod can roll continuously without any sign of a pause after 6 h, if an obstacle is put in front of it. We demonstrate that such nonintuitive autonomous rolling results from a combination of large thermal actuation of the elastomer and heat transfer between the rod and its surroundings. Quantitative predictions of the rolling speed from the developed thermomechanics model agree reasonably well with experimental measurements. Using the autonomous rolling rods as main building blocks, we further design and fabricate a light-powered vehicle and a thermally powered conveyor for mass transport in both air and water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyung Ahn
- Materials Science and Engineering Program , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Kai Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Department of Civil Engineering , Anhui Jianzhu University , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Materials Science and Engineering Program , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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23
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Han S, Han K, Hong J, Yoon DY, Park C, Kim Y. Photothermal Cellulose-Patch with Gold-Spiked Silica Microrods Based on Escherichia coli. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5244-5251. [PMID: 30023911 PMCID: PMC6045327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic-mediated photothermal heating under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation is an emerging key technology in the field of photothermal therapy and chemical reactions. However, there are few reports of photothermal film (dry-type patch), and thus, in this work, we developed the plasmonic-induced photothermal cellulose-patch operating in the NIR region. Hollow and spikelike gold nanostructures, gold-spikes, as plasmonic nanoparticles were prepared and decorated on silica microrods, which were prepared based on a unicellular organism, Escherichia coli, as a framework. In addition, freestanding cellulose-patch was prepared by mixing filter-paper pulp and armored golden E. coli (AGE) microrods. The major absorbing peak of AGE solution was revealed to be 873 nm, and the surface temperature of patch was increased to 264 °C within a very short time (1 min). When NIR laser was irradiated on the patch dipped in the water, the formation of water vapor and air bubbles was observed. The heating efficiency of indirect heat transfer via conduction from patch-to-water was 35.0%, while that of direct heat transfer via radiation from patch in water was 86.1%. Therefore, the cellulose-patch containing AGE microrods has possible applicability to desalination and sterilization because of its fast heating rate and high light-to-heat conversion under the irradiation of low-powered IR laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University,
Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lu X, Zhang H, Fei G, Yu B, Tong X, Xia H, Zhao Y. Liquid-Crystalline Dynamic Networks Doped with Gold Nanorods Showing Enhanced Photocontrol of Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706597. [PMID: 29430745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared-light (NIR)- and UV-light-responsive polymer nanocomposite is synthesized by doping polymer-grafted gold nanorods into azobenzene liquid-crystalline dynamic networks (AuNR-ALCNs). The effects of the two different photoresponsive mechanisms, i.e., the photochemical reaction of azobenzene and the photothermal effect from the surface plasmon resonance of the AuNRs, are investigated by monitoring both the NIR- and UV-light-induced contraction forces of the oriented AuNR-ALCNs. By taking advantage of the material's easy processability, bilayer-structured actuators can be fabricated to display photocontrollable bending/unbending directions, as well as localized actuations through programmed alignment of azobenzene mesogens in selected regions. Versatile and complex motions enabled by the enhanced photocontrol of actuation are demonstrated, including plastic "athletes" that can execute light-controlled push-ups or sit-ups, and a light-driven caterpillar-inspired walker that can crawl forward on a ratcheted substrate at a speed of about 13 mm min-1 . Moreover, the photomechanical effects arising from the two types of light-triggered molecular motion, i.e., the trans-cis photoisomerization and a liquid-crystalline-isotropic phase transition of the azobenzene mesogens, are added up to design a polymer "crane" that is capable of performing light-controlled, robot-like, concerted macroscopic motions including grasping, lifting up, lowering down, and releasing an object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hu Zhang
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guoxia Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Xia Tong
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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25
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Yang L, Lu X, Wang Z, Xia H. Diels–Alder dynamic crosslinked polyurethane/polydopamine composites with NIR triggered self-healing function. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new kind of ultrafast near-infrared light responsive shape memory assisted self-healing polymer composite was prepared by introducing polydopamine particles (PDAPs) into polyurethane containing Diels–Alder bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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26
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Niu H, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang W, Dong Y, Bi M, Zhang J, Xu J, Bi S, Wang B, Gao Y, Li C, Zhang J. Reducing the actuation threshold by incorporating a nonliquid crystal chain into a liquid crystal elastomer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4857-4866. [PMID: 35539513 PMCID: PMC9077755 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of nonliquid crystal chains made the actuation threshold of LCE being obviously decreased, and the LCE material can be effectively actuated by a lower energy intensity of the applied stimulus.
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27
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Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao L, Yang W, Bi M, Wang Y, Niu H, Li Y, Wang B, Gao Y, Li C, Huang X. Photo responsive silver nanoparticles incorporated liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites based on surface plasmon resonance. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-7067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Liu L, Liu MH, Deng LL, Lin BP, Yang H. Near-Infrared Chromophore Functionalized Soft Actuator with Ultrafast Photoresponsive Speed and Superior Mechanical Property. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11333-11336. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular
Ferroelectrics, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mei-Hua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular
Ferroelectrics, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lin-Lin Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular
Ferroelectrics, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bao-Ping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular
Ferroelectrics, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical
Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular
Ferroelectrics, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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29
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Wu X, Han Y, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Lu C. New Scalable Approach toward Shape Memory Polymer Composites via "Spring-Buckle" Microstructure Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13657-13665. [PMID: 28358194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted tremendous research interest since their discovery. However, most advances in research of SMPs are based on molecular designs, i.e., "bottom-up" strategies. Due to the viscoelasticity of polymers, slow and incomplete shape variations are inevitable for most existing SMPs. Here, we propose a simple and scalable approach to design and fabricate SMP composites (SMPCs) based on a "spring-buckle" microstructure design. Specifically, a highly elastic "spring" is employed as a basic skeleton for the SMPCs, onto which self-adhesive and stimuli-responsive "buckles" are installed as reversible switch units. The resultant SMPCs with such "spring-buckle" microstructure enable quick programming at ambient temperature and ultrafast (2-3 s) and nearly complete (∼100%) shape recovery triggered by organic solvents, benefiting from a unique capillary effect. This structural approach provides a novel design philosophy for shape memory materials and opens up new opportunities for their applications in sensor, actuator, aerospace, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zehang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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30
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Ge F, Lu X, Xiang J, Tong X, Zhao Y. An Optical Actuator Based on Gold-Nanoparticle-Containing Temperature-Memory Semicrystalline Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Ge
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xili Lu
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Jun Xiang
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xia Tong
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
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31
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Ge F, Lu X, Xiang J, Tong X, Zhao Y. An Optical Actuator Based on Gold-Nanoparticle-Containing Temperature-Memory Semicrystalline Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6126-6130. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Ge
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xili Lu
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Jun Xiang
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xia Tong
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec J1K 2R1 Canada
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32
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Wang L, Liu W, Guo LX, Lin BP, Zhang XQ, Sun Y, Yang H. A room-temperature two-stage thiol–ene photoaddition approach towards monodomain liquid crystalline elastomers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a room-temperature, one-pot, two-stage thiol–ene photoaddition method to synthesize monodomain liquid crystalline elastomers. Starting from mesogenic monomers, the whole preparation process can be finished in less than 30 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
| | - Ling-Xiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
| | - Bao-Ping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Molecular Ferroelectrics
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research
- Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory
- Southeast University
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33
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Wang M, Lin BP, Yang H. A plant tendril mimic soft actuator with phototunable bending and chiral twisting motion modes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13981. [PMID: 28004810 PMCID: PMC5192217 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plant tendrils can produce two fundamental motion modes, bending and chiral twisting (helical curling) distortions, under the stimuli of sunlight, humidity, wetting or other atmospheric conditions. To date, many artificial plant-like mechanical machines have been developed. Although some previously reported materials could realize bending or chiral twisting through tailoring the samples into various ribbons along different orientations, each single ribbon could execute only one deformation mode. The challenging task is how to endow one individual plant tendril mimic material with two different, fully tunable and reversible motion modes (bending and chiral twisting). Here we show a dual-layer, dual-composition polysiloxane-based liquid crystal soft actuator strategy to synthesize a plant tendril mimic material capable of performing two different three-dimensional reversible transformations (bending versus chiral twisting) through modulation of the wavelength band of light stimuli (ultraviolet versus near-infrared). This material has broad application prospects in biomimetic control devices. Plant tendrils are able to undergo both bending and chiral twisting motions but unfortunately synthetic mimics are unable to do this. Here the authors show a dual-layer polysiloxane-based liquid crystal soft actuator capable of two different 3D reversible transformations via light stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, China
| | - Bao-Ping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, China
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34
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Agrawal A, Chen H, Kim H, Zhu B, Adetiba O, Miranda A, Cristian Chipara A, Ajayan PM, Jacot JG, Verduzco R. Electromechanically Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites for Active Cell Culture. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1386-1390. [PMID: 35651216 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are unique among shape-responsive materials in that they exhibit large and reversible shape changes and can respond to a variety of stimuli. However, only a handful of studies have explored LCEs for biomedical applications. Here, we demonstrate that LCE nanocomposites (LCE-NCs) exhibit a fast and reversible electromechanical response and can be employed as dynamic substrates for cell culture. A two-step method for preparing conductive LCE-NCs is described, which produces materials that exhibit rapid (response times as fast at 0.6 s), large-amplitude (contraction by up to 30%), and fully reversible shape changes (stable to over 5000 cycles) under externally applied voltages (5-40 V). The electromechanical response of the LCE-NCs is tunable through variation of the electrical potential and LCE-NC composition. We utilize conductive LCE-NCs as responsive substrates to culture neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and find that NRVM remain viable on both stimulated and static LCE-NC substrates. These materials provide a reliable and simple route to materials that exhibit a fast, reversible, and large-amplitude electromechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey G. Jacot
- Congenital
Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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35
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Braun LB, Linder TG, Hessberger T, Zentel R. Influence of a Crosslinker Containing an Azo Group on the Actuation Properties of a Photoactuating LCE System. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E435. [PMID: 30974711 PMCID: PMC6432154 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactuating liquid crystalline elastomers (LCE) are promising candidates for an application as artificial muscles in microdevices. In this work, we demonstrate that by optimizing (1) the illumination conditions and (2) the mixture of azo monomer and azo crosslinker, thick films of an all-azo LCE can be prepared, which show a strong length change without bending during photoactuation. This becomes possible by working with white light (about 440 nm), whose absorption is low, leading to a large penetration depth. By adding an azo crosslinker to a previously prepared system, several improvements of the actuation properties-like a stronger photoactuation at lower operational temperatures-could be achieved. In addition, films of different crosslinker concentrations and thicknesses were produced by photopolymerization at varying temperatures within a magnetic field, and their thermo- and photoresponsive behavior was investigated. An extraordinarily strong maximal thermal actuation of 46% and-by exposure to white light at 70 °C-a photoresponsive change in length of up to 40% in just about 13 s could be obtained. Even densely crosslinked samples were still able to photoactuate remarkably. Isothermal back-deformation could either be achieved by irradiation with red light (7 min) or by keeping the film in the dark (13 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas B Braun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Torsten G Linder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tristan Hessberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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36
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Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Light-Driven Liquid Crystalline Materials: From Photo-Induced Phase Transitions and Property Modulations to Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15089-15166. [PMID: 27936632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven phenomena both in living systems and nonliving materials have enabled truly fascinating and incredible dynamic architectures with terrific forms and functions. Recently, liquid crystalline materials endowed with photoresponsive capability have emerged as enticing systems. In this Review, we focus on the developments of light-driven liquid crystalline materials containing photochromic components over the past decade. Design and synthesis of photochromic liquid crystals (LCs), photoinduced phase transitions in LC, and photoalignment and photoorientation of LCs have been covered. Photomodulation of pitch, polarization, lattice constant and handedness inversion of chiral LCs is discussed. Light-driven phenomena and properties of liquid crystalline polymers, elastomers, and networks have also been analyzed. The applications of photoinduced phase transitions, photoalignment, photomodulation of chiral LCs, and photomobile polymers have been highlighted wherever appropriate. The combination of photochromism, liquid crystallinity, and fabrication techniques has enabled some fascinating functional materials which can be driven by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light irradiation. Nanoscale particles have been incorporated to widen and diversify the scope of the light-driven liquid crystalline materials. The developed materials possess huge potential for applications in optics, photonics, adaptive materials, nanotechnology, etc. The challenges and opportunities in this area are discussed at the end of the Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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