1
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Park J, Yu Y, Lee JW, Kim BS. Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Functional Epoxide Monomer with an Oxazoline Protecting Group for the Synthesis of Polyethers with Carboxylic Acid Pendants. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hagita K, Murashima T, Ebe M, Isono T, Satoh T. Trapping probabilities of multiple rings in end-linked gels. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Jin KS, Isono T, Satoh T. Unimodal and Well-Defined Nanomicelles Assembled by Topology-Controlled Bicyclic Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- PLS-II Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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4
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Gauthier-Jaques M, Mutlu H, Theato P. Cage-Shaped Polymers Synthesis: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100760. [PMID: 34894371 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have dedicated their efforts for the creation of a wide choice of complex and precise macromolecular architectures over the past 100 years. Among them, cyclic polymers benefit from their absence of terminal chains and from their singular topology to minimize their hydrodynamic volume in solution, increase their chemical stability, limit their number of possible conformations as well as a reduce their propensity to crystallize or to form entanglements in comparison to their acyclic counterparts. While monocyclic structures have already been widely investigated and reviewed, reports on more complex polycyclic structures are rare. In this regard, cage-shaped polymers-consisting of at least three polymer chains covalently interconnected through strictly two junction points-have received little attention over the past two decades. Although their synthesis is a worthy challenge, only a few synthetic methodologies of polymer cages were successfully developed so far. Thus, this review intends to highlight the key concepts of the conception of cage-shaped polymers in addition to propose an actual and exhaustive state-of-art concept of their synthesis to rationally promote the next-generation synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesser Str. 18, Building 11.23, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3) - Polymeric Materials, Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesser Str. 18, Building 11.23, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3) - Polymeric Materials, Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
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5
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Herschberg T, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Panagiotou E, Kumar R. Topological Effects Near Order–Disorder Transitions in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Herschberg
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eleni Panagiotou
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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6
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Zhang K. Versatile Bimolecular Ring-Closure Method for Cage-Shaped Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liangcai Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Highly Ordered Nanoscale Film Morphologies of Block Copolymers Governed by Nonlinear Topologies. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:811-818. [PMID: 35549184 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among many properties of cyclic block copolymers, the notable domain spacing (d-spacing) reduction offers nonlinear topology as an effective tool for developing block copolymers for nanolithography. However, the current consensus regarding the topology-morphology correlation is ambiguous and in need of more studies. Here we present the morphological investigation on nanoscale films of cyclic and tadpole-shaped poly(n-decyl glycidyl ether-block-2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl glycidyl ether)s and their linear counterpart via synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray scattering. All copolymers form phase-separated nanostructures, in which only the nonlinear copolymers form highly ordered and unidirectional nanostructures. Additionally, d-spacings of cyclic and tadpole-shaped block copolymers are 49.3-53.7% and 25.0-32.5% shorter than that of their linear counterpart, respectively, exhibiting greater or comparable d-spacing reductions against the experimentally and theoretically achieved values from the literature. Overall, this study demonstrates that cyclic and tadpole topologies can be utilized in developing materials with miniaturized dimensions, high structural ordering, and unidirectional orientation for various nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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8
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One‐Shot Intrablock Cross‐Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus‐Shaped Single‐Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
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9
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One-Shot Intrablock Cross-Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus-Shaped Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18122-18128. [PMID: 34041829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developing an efficient and versatile process to transform a single linear polymer chain into a shape-defined nanoobject is a major challenge in the fields of chemistry and nanotechnology to replicate sophisticated biological functions of proteins and nucleic acids in a synthetic polymer system. In this study, we performed one-shot intrablock cross-linking of linear block copolymers (BCPs) to realize single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with two chemically compartmentalized domains (Janus-shaped SCNPs). Detailed structural characterizations of the Janus-shaped SCNP composed of polystyrene-block-poly(glycolic acid) revealed its compactly folded conformation and compartmentalized block localization, similar to the self-folded tertiary structures of natural proteins. Versatility of the one-shot intrablock cross-linking was demonstrated using several different BCP precursors. In addition, the Janus-shaped SCNP produce miniscule microphase-separated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Brian J Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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10
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Influence of Topological Confinement on Nanoscale Film Morphologies of Tricyclic Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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11
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Synthesis of functional and architectural polyethers via the anionic ring-opening polymerization of epoxide monomers using a phosphazene base catalyst. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Butzelaar AJ, Gauthier-Jaques M, Liu KL, Brunklaus G, Winter M, Theato P. The power of architecture – cage-shaped PEO and its application as a polymer electrolyte. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First reported gram-scale synthesis of a four-arm cage-shaped poly(ethylene oxide) polymer and its pioneering application as polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johannes Butzelaar
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory – Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Kun Ling Liu
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
| | - Gunther Brunklaus
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center/Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Martin Winter
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center/Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory – Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)
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13
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Correlations of nanoscale film morphologies and topological confinement of three-armed cage block copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00421b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-armed cage block copolymers composed of immiscible blocks in near equivalent volume fractions formed topologically controlled sub-10 nm cylindrical and lamellar nanostructures in nanoscale films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
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14
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Kusuyama N, Daito Y, Kubota H, Kametani Y, Ouchi M. Construction of ring-based architectures via ring-expansion cationic polymerization and post-polymerization modification: design of cyclic initiators from divinyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topologically unique polymers such as tadpole and figure-eight polymers were synthesized via ring-expansion cationic polymerization (RECP) of vinyl ether with a functionalized cyclic initiator, followed by post-polymerization modification (PPM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kametani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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15
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Ree BJ, Mato Y, Xiang L, Kim J, Isono T, Satoh T. Topologically controlled phase transitions and nanoscale film self-assemblies of cage poly(ε-caprolactone) and its counterparts. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first quantitative investigation of nanoscale film morphologies of a cage-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) and its counterparts in star, cyclic, and linear topologies through synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Mato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jehan Kim
- PLS-II Beamline Division
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
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16
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Programmed folding into spiro-multicyclic polymer topologies from linear and star-shaped chains. Commun Chem 2020; 3:97. [PMID: 36703363 PMCID: PMC9814586 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of precise folding techniques for synthetic polymer chains that replicate the unique structures and functions of biopolymers has long been a key challenge. In particular, spiro-type (i.e., 8-, trefoil-, and quatrefoil-shaped) polymer topologies remain challenging due to their inherent structural complexity. Herein, we establish a folding strategy to produce spiro-type multicyclic polymers via intramolecular ring-opening metathesis oligomerization of the norbornenyl groups attached at predetermined positions along a synthetic polymer precursor. This strategy provides easy access to the desired spiro-type topological polymers with a controllable number of ring units and molecular weight while retaining narrow dispersity (Ɖ < 1.1). This effective strategy marks an advancement in the development of functionalized materials composed of specific three-dimensional nanostructures.
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17
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Noda T, Doi Y, Ohta Y, Takata S, Takano A, Matsushita Y. Preparation, characterization, and dilute solution properties of four‐branched cage‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Noda
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryNagoya University Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Yuya Doi
- Venture Business LaboratoryNagoya University Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Yutaka Ohta
- Scientific Instruments Division, Shoko Science Co., Ltd. Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Takano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryNagoya University Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Yushu Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryNagoya University Nagoya Aichi Japan
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18
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N-Heterocyclic carbene/Lewis acid-mediated ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. Part 2: Toward dihydroxytelechelic polyethers using triethylborane. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Gauthier-Jaques M, Theato P. Synergy of Macrocycles and Macromolecular Topologies: An Efficient [3 4]Triazolophane-Based Synthesis of Cage-Shaped Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:700-705. [PMID: 35648557 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of complex topologies such as macromolecular cages constitutes a fascinating aspect of polymer chemistry. In the present work, a novel strategy involving self-closing bifunctional end-groups, which under specific conditions, are allowed to assemble themselves into a predefined thermodynamically favored macrostructure, was designed to fulfill the topological conversion of star-shaped polymers to their respective cage-shaped polymers. A series of four different well-defined four-arm star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) polymers varying in molar masses were successfully synthesized, end-functionalized, and closed into cage-shaped polymers by formation of [34]triazolophane macrocycle units. The obtained cage-shaped polymers feature interesting properties that depend drastically on the chain length of the arms and seem to differ from previous reported polymer cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Zhang J, Zhu X, Miao C, He Y, Zhao Y. Synthesis and properties of pH-cleavable toothbrush-like copolymers comprising multi-reactive Y junctions and a linear or cyclic backbone. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Y-junction-bearing toothbrush-like copolymers can exhibit unique physical properties and hierarchical (co)assembly behaviors dependent on topology, external stimuli and hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Cheng Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yanzhe He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Yang R, Wang Y, Luo W, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wu C, Hadjichristidis N. Carboxylic Acid Initiated Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Sulfonyl Aziridines: An Easy Access to Well-Controlled Polyaziridine-Based Architectural and Functionalized Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chuande Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Kang G, Sun L, Liu Y, Meng C, Ma W, Wang B, Ma L, Yu C, Wei H. Micelles with Cyclic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Moieties: Greater Stability, Larger Drug Loading Capacity, and Slower Degradation Property for Controlled Drug Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12509-12517. [PMID: 31487459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer topology exerts a significant effect on its properties and performance for potential applications. Cyclic topology and its derived structures have been recently shown to outperform conventional linear analogues for drug delivery applications. However, an amphiphilic tadpole-shaped copolymer consisting of a cylic hydrophobic moiety has rarely been explored. For this purpose, a tadpole-shaped amphiphilic diblock copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-(cyclic poly(ε-caprolactone)) (mPEG-b-cPCL) was synthesized successfully via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL using a mPEG-based macroinitiator with both a hydroxyl and an azide termini and subsequent intrachain Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) click cyclization. A comparison study on the self-assembly behaviors, in vitro drug loading and drug release profiles, and degradation properties of the resulting mPEG-b-cPCL (C) with those of the linear counterpart (mPEG-b-PCL, L) revealed that mPEG-b-cPCL micelles are a better formulation than the micelles formed by the linear counterparts in terms of micelle stability, drug loading capacity, and the degradation property. Interestingly, compared to the single degradation of L, C exhibited a slower two-stage degradation process including the topological change from tadpole shape to linear conformation and the subsequent degradation of a linear polymer. This study therefore uncovered the topological effect of a hydrophobic moiety on the properties of the self-assembled micelles and developed a complementary alternative to enhance the micelle stability by introducing a cyclic hydrophobic segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Yuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Chao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Baoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Liwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Cuiyun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study and Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
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24
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Metal- and halogen-free one-pot synthesis of functional oligomers by tetra-n-butylammonium acetate/alcohol system. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Ochs J, Martínez-Tong DE, Alegria A, Barroso-Bujans F. Dielectric Relaxation as a Probe To Verify the Symmetrical Growth of Two-Arm Poly(glycidyl phenyl ether) Initiated by t-BuP 4/Ethylene Glycol. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ochs
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque
Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Ree BJ, Satoh T, Yamamoto T. Micelle Structure Details and Stabilities of Cyclic Block Copolymer Amphiphile and Its Linear Analogues. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E163. [PMID: 30960147 PMCID: PMC6401893 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate structures and stabilities of the micelles of a cyclic amphiphile (c-PBA-b-PEO) composed of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks and its linear diblock and triblock analogues (l-PBA-b-PEO and l-PBA-b-PEO-b-PBA) by using synchrotron X-ray scattering and quantitative data analysis. The comprehensive scattering analysis gives details and insights to the micellar architecture through structural parameters. Furthermore, this analysis provides direct clues for structural stabilities in micelles, which can be used as a good guideline to design highly stable micelles. Interestingly, in water, all topological polymers are found to form ellipsoidal micelles rather than spherical micelles; more interestingly, the cyclic polymer and its linear triblock analog make oblate-ellipsoidal micelles while the linear diblock analog makes a prolate-ellipsoidal micelle. The analysis results collectively inform that the cyclic topology enables more compact micelle formation as well as provides a positive impact on the micellar structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Ree
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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27
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Mato Y, Honda K, Tajima K, Yamamoto T, Isono T, Satoh T. A versatile synthetic strategy for macromolecular cages: intramolecular consecutive cyclization of star-shaped polymers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:440-446. [PMID: 30746091 PMCID: PMC6335864 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cage-shaped polymers, or "macromolecular cages", are of great interest as the macromolecular analogues of molecular cages because of their various potential applications in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. However, the systematic synthesis of macromolecular cages remains a great challenge. Herein, we describe a robust and versatile synthetic strategy for macromolecular cages with defined arm numbers and sizes based on the intramolecular consecutive cyclization of highly reactive norbornene groups attached to each end of the arms of a star-shaped polymer precursor. The cyclizations of three-, four-, six-, and eight-armed star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCLs) bearing a norbornenyl group at each arm terminus were effected with Grubbs' third generation catalyst at high dilution. 1H NMR, SEC, and MALDI-TOF MS analyses revealed that the reaction proceeded to produce the desired macromolecular cages with sufficient purity. The molecular sizes of the macromolecular cages were controlled by simply changing the molecular weight of the star-shaped polymer precursors. Systematic investigation of the structure-property relationships confirmed that the macromolecular cages adopt a much more compact conformation, in both the solution and bulk states, as compared to their linear and star-shaped counterparts. This synthetic approach marks a significant advance in the synthesis of complex macromolecular architectures and provides a platform for novel applications using cage-shaped molecules with polymer frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Mato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Kohei Honda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan . ;
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28
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Chen F. A Facile Route for Cyclic Polyelectrolyte Synthesis without Any Protection or Deprotection Process. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090418050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Shingu T, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. Synthesis of μ-ABC Tricyclic Miktoarm Star Polymer via Intramolecular Click Cyclization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E877. [PMID: 30960802 PMCID: PMC6403666 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic polymers exhibit unique physical and chemical properties because of the restricted chain mobility and absence of chain ends. Although many types of homopolymers and diblock copolymers possessing cyclic architectures have been synthesized to date, there are relatively few reports of cyclic triblock terpolymers because of their synthetic difficulties. In this study, a novel synthetic approach for μ-ABC tricyclic miktoarm star polymers involving t-Bu-P₄-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of glycidyl ethers and intramolecular copper-catalyzed azido-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was developed. First, the t-Bu-P₄-catalyzed ROP of decyl glycidyl ether, dec-9-enyl glycidyl ether, and 2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl glycidyl ether with the aid of functional initiators and terminators was employed for the preparation of a clickable linear triblock terpolymer precursor possessing three azido and three ethynyl groups at the selected positions. Next, the intramolecular CuAAC of the linear precursor successfully produced the well-defined tricyclic triblock terpolymer with narrow dispersity in a reasonable yield. The present strategy is useful for synthesizing model polymers for studying the topological effects on the triblock terpolymer self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Shingu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan.
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30
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Hung CC, Nakahira S, Chiu YC, Isono T, Wu HC, Watanabe K, Chiang YC, Takashima S, Borsali R, Tung SH, Satoh T, Chen WC. Control over Molecular Architectures of Carbohydrate-Based Block Copolymers for Stretchable Electrical Memory Devices. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Nakahira
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Kodai Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | - Shoichi Takashima
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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31
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Isono T, Sasamori T, Honda K, Mato Y, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Satoh T. Multicyclic Polymer Synthesis through Controlled/Living Cyclopolymerization of α,ω-Dinorbornenyl-Functionalized Macromonomers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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32
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Xia Y, Zhao J. Macromolecular architectures based on organocatalytic ring-opening (co)polymerization of epoxides. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Ochs J, Veloso A, Martínez-Tong DE, Alegria A, Barroso-Bujans F. An Insight into the Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization with Tetrabutylammonium Azide for the Generation of Pure Cyclic Poly(glycidyl phenyl ether). Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ochs
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Antonio Veloso
- POLYMAT,, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr, Avda. Tolosa-72, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque
Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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34
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Gao L, Oh J, Tu Y, Chang T. Preparation of low molecular weight cyclic polystyrenes with high purity via liquid chromatography at the critical condition. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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