1
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Ishikawa A, Ouchi M. Alternating Graft Copolymer Carrying PLA Graft Chains at Every Other Unit: Sequence Impacts on Crystallization Behaviors. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1072-1078. [PMID: 39095698 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Alternating graft copolymers were precisely synthesized via selective cyclopolymerization of pendant-transformable divinyl monomer (1), post-polymerization modification via aminolysis with alkylamine, and ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LLA) from the hydroxy pendant group in alternating sequence. The poly(LLA) (PLLA) graft chain on the alternating copolymer gave a higher crystallization degree on the isothermal treatment than that on the random counterpart likely because of the periodic sequence. The comonomer pendant group from alkylamine in the aminolysis reaction in the alternating sequence affected the crystallization behaviors, and the oligoethylene glycol (OEG) group promoted the crystallization thanks to the larger free volume effect. As for the stereocomplex formation of the racemic mixture of enantiomeric PLLA and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) chains, the alternating graft copolymer gave a higher degree of stereocomplex crystallization in the mixture with the enantiomer homopolymer than the random analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoto Ishikawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Seong HG, Jin Z, Chen Z, Hu M, Emrick T, Russell TP. Bottlebrush Block Copolymers at the Interface of Immiscible Liquids: Adsorption and Lateral Packing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13000-13009. [PMID: 38710503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs), having a hydrophilic bottlebrush polymer (BP) linked covalently to a hydrophobic BP, were found to segregate to liquid-liquid interfaces to minimize the free energy of the system. The key parameter influencing the outcome of the experiments is the ratio between the degree of polymerization of the backbone (NBB) and that of the side-chain brushes (NSC). Specifically, a spherical, star-like configuration results when NBB < NSC, while a cylindrical, bottlebrush-like shape is preferred when NBB > NSC. Dynamic interfacial tension (γ) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements show that the BBCP configuration influences the areal density and in-plane diffusion at the fluid interface. The characteristic relaxation times associated with BBCP adsorption (τA) and reorganization (τR) were determined by fitting time-dependent interfacial tension measurements to a sum of two exponential relaxation functions. Both τA and τR initially increased with NBB up to 92 repeat units, due to the larger hydrodynamic radius in solution and slower in-plane diffusivity, attributed to a shorter cross-sectional diameter of the side-chains near the block junction. This trend reversed at NBB = 190, with shorter τA and τR attributed to increased segregation strength and exposure of the bare water/toluene interface due to tilting and/or wiggling of the backbone chains, respectively. The adsorption energy barrier decreased with higher NBB, due to a reduced BBCP packing density at the fluid interface. This study provides fundamental insights into macromolecular assembly at fluid interfaces, as it pertains to unique bottlebrush block architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zichen Jin
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Carrillo JMY, Parambil V, Patra TK, Chen Z, Russell TP, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Sumpter BG, Batra R. Accelerated Sequence Design of Star Block Copolymers: An Unbiased Exploration Strategy via Fusion of Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Machine Learning. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4220-4230. [PMID: 38648367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Star block copolymers (s-BCPs) have potential applications as novel surfactants or amphiphiles for emulsification, compatibilization, chemical transformations, and separations. s-BCPs have chain architectures where three or more linear diblock copolymer arms comprised of two chemically distinct linear polymers, e.g., solvophobic and solvophilic chains, are covalently joined at one point. The chemical composition of each of the subunit polymer chains comprising the arms, their molecular weights, and the number of arms can be varied to tailor the surface and interfacial activity of these architecturally unique molecules. This makes identification of the optimal s-BCP design nontrivial as the total number of plausible s-BCP architectures is experimentally or computationally intractable. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with a reinforcement learning-based Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) to identify s-BCP designs that minimize the interfacial tension between polar and nonpolar solvents. We first validate the MCTS approach for the design of small- and medium-sized s-BCPs and then use it to efficiently identify sequences of copolymer blocks for large-sized s-BCPs. The structural origins of interfacial tension in these systems are also identified by using the configurations obtained from MD simulations. Chemical insights into the arrangement of copolymer blocks that promote lower interfacial tension were mined using machine learning (ML) techniques. Overall, this work provides an efficient approach to solve design problems via fusion of simulations and ML and provides important groundwork for future experimental investigation of s-BCPs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michael Y Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Vijith Parambil
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Tarak K Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rohit Batra
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Center for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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4
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Kelly MT, Zhao B. Worm-globule transition of amphiphilic pH-responsive heterografted bottlebrushes at air-water interface. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1224-1235. [PMID: 38230501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heterografted molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) with side chains composed of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA, pKa = 7.4) have been shown to be efficient, robust, and responsive emulsifiers. However, it remains unknown how they respond to external stimuli at interfaces. In this work, the shape-changing behavior of six hetero- and homografted MBBs at air-water interfaces in response to pH changes and lateral compression was investigated using a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and atomic force microscopy. At a surface pressure of 0.5 mN m-1, PDEAEMA-containing MBBs showed no worm-globule transitions when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 10.0, at which PDEAEMA becomes insoluble in water. Upon lateral compression at pH 4.0, MBBs with a mole fraction of PDEAEMA side chains (xPDEAEMA) < 0.50 underwent pronounced worm-globule shape transitions; there was an increasing tendency for bottlebrushes to become connected with increasing xPDEAEMA. At xPDEAEMA = 0.76, the molecules remained wormlike even at high compression. These observations were presumably caused by the increased electrostatic repulsion between protonated PDEAEMA side chains in the subphase with increasing xPDEAEMA, hindering the shape change. At pH 10.0, MBBs with xPDEAEMA < 0.50 showed a lower tendency to change their wormlike morphologies upon compression than at pH 4.0. No shape transition was observed when xPDEAEMA > 0.50, attributed to the relatively high affinity toward water and the rigidity of PDEAEMA. This study revealed the shape-changing behavior of amphiphilic pH-responsive MBBs at air-water interfaces, which could be useful for future design of multicomponent MBBs for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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5
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Glaive AS, Cœur CL, Guigner JM, Amiel C, Volet G. Amphiphilic Heterograft Copolymers Bearing Biocompatible/Biodegradable Grafts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2050-2063. [PMID: 38243903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The amphiphilic heterograft copolymers bearing biocompatible/biodegradable grafts [poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-pentyl-2-oxazoline)-g-poly(d-l-lactic acid)/poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)] were synthesized successfully by the combination of cationic ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry via the ⟨"grafting to"⟩ approach. The challenge of this synthesis was to graft together hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains on a hydrophilic platform based on PMeOx. The efficiency of grafting depends on the chemical nature of the grafts and of the length of the macromolecular chains. The self-assembly of these polymers in aqueous media was investigated by DLS, cryo-TEM, and SANS. The results demonstrated that different morphologies were obtained from nanospheres and vesicles to filaments depending on the hydrophilic weight ratio in the heterograft copolymer varying from 0.38 until 0.84. As poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is known to be thermoresponsive, the influence of temperature rise on the nanoassembly stability was studied in water and in a physiological medium. SANS and DLS measurements during a temperature ramp allowed to show that nanoassemblies start to self-assemble in "raspberry like" primary structures at 50 °C, and these structures grow and get denser as the temperature is increased further. These amphiphilic heterograft copolymers may include hydrophobic drugs and should find important applications for biomedical applications which require stealth properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline-Sarah Glaive
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
| | - Clémence Le Cœur
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS UMR CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, IRD, CNRS UMR7590, MNHN; 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75252, France
| | - Catherine Amiel
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
| | - Gisèle Volet
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
- Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Rue du Père Jarlan, Evry cedex 91025, France
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6
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Kelly MT, Chen Z, Russell TP, Zhao B. Amphiphilic Heterografted Molecular Bottlebrushes with Tertiary Amine-Containing Side Chains as Efficient and Robust pH-Responsive Emulsifiers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315424. [PMID: 37956395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining the unique characteristics of molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) and the properties of stimuli-responsive polymers, we show that MBBs with randomly grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) side chains are efficient and robust pH-responsive emulsifiers. Water-in-toluene emulsions were formed at pH 4.0 and disrupted by increasing the pH to 10.0. The emulsion generation and disruption was reversible over the ten cycles investigated, and the bottlebrushes remained intact. The exceptional emulsion stability stemmed from the high interfacial binding energy of MBBs, imparted by their large molecular size and Janus architecture at the interface, as evidenced by the interfacial jamming and wrinkling of the assemblies upon reducing the interfacial area. At pH 10.0, PDEAEMA became water-insoluble, and the MBBs desorbed from the interface, causing de-emulsification. Consequently, we have shown that the judicious design of MBBs can generate properties of particle emulsifiers from their large size, while the responsiveness of the MBBs enables more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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7
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He Y, Li L, Ding M, Li W. Flow-driven translocation of comb-like copolymer micelles through a nanochannel. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9166-9172. [PMID: 37990911 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Using hybrid lattice-Boltzmann molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the flow-driven translocation of comb-like copolymer micelles through a nanochannel, in particular, making a detailed comparison with micelles formed by the corresponding diblock copolymers. Our results demonstrate that the critical flow flux of micelles formed by the comb-like copolymers is higher than that of micelles formed by the corresponding diblock copolymers, which is more pronounced with increasing side chain lengths or grafting densities, as evidenced by the free energy computed by self-consistent field theory. Our work indicates that the impact of chain topology on the stability of micelles, especially with the same size, can be well characterized using the critical flow fluxes, which provides a theoretical basis for designing self-assembling micelles for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Luyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingming Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang 515200, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Seong HG, Fink Z, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Bottlebrush Polymers at Liquid Interfaces: Assembly Dynamics, Mechanical Properties, and All-Liquid Printed Constructs. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37490585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymer surfactants (BPSs), formed by the interfacial interactions between bottlebrush polymers (BPs) with poly(acrylic acid) side chains dissolved in an aqueous phase and amine-functionalized ligands dissolved in the oil phase, assemble and bind strongly to the fluid-fluid interface. The ratio between NBB (backbone degree of polymerization) and NSC (side chain degree of polymerization) defines the initial assembly kinetics, interface packing efficiency, and stress relaxation. The equilibrium interfacial tension (γ) increases when NBB < NSC, but decreases when NBB ≫ NSC, correlating to a pronounced change in the effective shape of the BPs from being spherical to worm-like structures. The apparent surface coverage (ASC), i.e., the interfacial packing efficiency, decreases as NBB increases. The dripping-to-jetting transition of an injected polymer solution, as well as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, revealed faster initial assembly kinetics for BPs with higher NBB. Euler buckling of BPS assemblies with different NBB values was used to characterize the stress relaxation behavior and bending modulus. The stress relaxation behavior was directly related to the ASC, reflecting the strong influence of macromolecular shape on packing efficiency. The bending modulus of BPSs decreases for NBB < NSC, but increased when NBB ≫ NSC, showing the effect of molecular architecture and multisite anchoring. All-liquid printed constructs with lower NBB BPs yielded more stable structured liquids, underscoring the importance of macromolecular packing efficiency at fluid interfaces. Overall, this work elucidates fundamental relationships between nanoscopic structures and macroscopic properties associated with various bottlebrush polymer architectures, which translate to the stabilization of all-fluidic printed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zachary Fink
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Olszewski M, Hu X, Lin TC, Matyjaszewski K, Lebedeva N, Taylor P. Oscillatory and Relaxation Study of the Interfacial Rheology of Star Polymers with Low-Grafting-Density PEO Arms and Hydrophobic Poly(divinylbenzene) Cores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37216597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Star polymers have been gaining interest due to their tunable properties. They have been used as effective stabilizers for Pickering emulsions. Herein, star polymers were synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with terminal α-bromoisobutyrate ATRP functionality was used as a macroinitiator and divinylbenzene as a crosslinker for the arm-first star synthesis. Stars with PEO arms with a molar mass of either 2 or 5 kDa had a relatively low density of grafted chains, i.e., ca. 0.25 chain/nm2. The properties of PEO stars adsorbed at oil-water interfaces were investigated using interfacial tension and interfacial rheology. The magnitude of interfacial tensions at oil-water interfaces depends on the nature of the oil phase, being lower at the m-xylene/water interface than at the n-dodecane/water interface. Small differences were observed for stars with different molecular weights of PEO arms. The overall behavior of PEO stars adsorbed at an interface can be considered as an intermediate between a particle and a linear/branched polymer. Obtained results offer an important insight into the interfacial rheology of PEO star polymers in the context of their application as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ting-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Natalia Lebedeva
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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10
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Wang F, Li C, Wang H, Yu L, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Amphiphilic O(Phe-r-Glu) oligopeptides randomly polymerized via papain exhibiting a pH-insensitive emulsification property. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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11
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang Q, Tang Y, Qu Q, Shen L, Mi Y, Yan X. An ionic liquid demulsifier with double cationic centers and multiple hydrophobic chains. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Nagler F, Schiller C, Kropf C, Schacher FH. Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers for Time-Delayed Release of Hydrophobic Fragrances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56087-56096. [PMID: 36475582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When a controlled or retarded release of perfumes is required such as in cosmetics or cleaning products, polymers can be applied as encapsulation agents. With regard to such applications, we investigated two amphiphilic graft copolymers featuring a polydehydroalanine (PDha) backbone and different hydrophobic side chains. Hereby, grafting of aliphatic octyl side chains (PDha-g-EOct) enabled the adsorption of the aliphatic fragrance tetrahydrolinalool with moderate loads, whereas benzyl side chains (PDha-g-BGE) allowed taking up aromatic fragrances, for example, amylsalicylate-n with exceptionally high loads of up to 8 g g-1. The side-chain density was studied as well but had no significant influence on the loading. In addition, the characterization and quantification of the load by NMR and thermogravimetric analysis were compared, and it was also possible to load the aromatic model fragrance into the graft copolymer with aliphatic side chains. After 3 months, the load had decreased by 40-50% and, hence, such systems are of interest for a long-term release of perfumes over months. Although this study is a proof-of-concept, we foresee that such polyampholytic graft copolymers can be tailored for the adsorption of a variety of hydrophobic perfumes simply by altering polarity and chemistry of the side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieda Nagler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Schiller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kropf
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstraße 67, D-40589Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743Jena, Germany
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13
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Morphological Transitions in Micelles of Amphiphilic Bottlebrushes upon the Adsorption and Compression at the Liquid Interface. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235076. [PMID: 36501471 PMCID: PMC9739986 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Densely grafted comb-like macromolecules (bottlebrushes) with alternating solvophobic and solvophilic side chains were studied in a selective solvent and at the liquid interface using mesoscopic computer simulations. The effects of backbone length and copolymer composition were considered. While self-assembly in solution revealed only spherical aggregates for all ar-chitectures studied, adsorption onto the liquid interface in particular cases resulted in morpho-logical changes, with worm-like aggregates or a continuous monolayer observed. In turn, the compression of macromolecules at the interface also leads to morphological transitions, includ-ing the formation of a mesh-like percolated structure. The obtained results may be useful for the preparation of solid nanoparticles of anisotropic shape or nanostructured ultra-thin copolymer films.
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14
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Thompson KA, Mayder DM, Tonge CM, Sauvé ER, Lefeaux HR, Hudson ZM. A grafting-from strategy for the synthesis of bottlebrush nanofibers from organic semiconductors. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers with optoelectronic function show promise for applications in photonic crystals, nanomedicine, and encoding of information. In particular, bottlebrush polymers formed from organic semiconductors give wire-like nanoparticles where band gaps, fluorescence, and energy transfer can be tuned. To date, such bottlebrush polymers have largely been prepared by grafting-through polymerization of organic semiconductor macromonomers, where pre-synthesized side chains are polymerized along a bottlebrush backbone. While this approach provides high side-chain grafting densities, the length of bottlebrush polymers that is possible to obtain is limited by steric crowding at the propagating chain end. Here, we describe methods for preparing ultralong bottlebrush nanofibers from organic semiconductors, with backbone lengths approaching 800 repeating units and molecular weights in excess of 4 MDa. By combining reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer and Cu(0) reversible deactivation radical polymerization, a “grafting-from” protocol is described where monomers can be grown from a pre-synthesized backbone. Bottlebrush polymers were prepared from organic semiconductors used as n-type, p-type, and host materials in multilayer organic devices. Finally, a two-component bottlebrush polymer exhibiting deep blue emission, two-photon fluorescence, and a quantum yield of unity is also prepared by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Don M. Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ethan R. Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Harrison R. Lefeaux
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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15
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Influences of the Periodicity in Molecular Architecture on the Phase Diagrams and Microphase Transitions of the Janus Double-Brush Copolymer with a Loose Graft. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142847. [PMID: 35890623 PMCID: PMC9320146 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The backbone of the Janus double-brush copolymer may break during long-term service, but whether this breakage affects the self-assembled phase state and microphase transitions of the material is still unknown. For the Janus double-brush copolymers with a periodicity in molecular architecture ranging from 1 to 10, the influences of the architectural periodicity on their phase diagrams and order–disorder transitions (ODT) were investigated by the self-consistent mean field theory (SCFT). In total, nine microphases with long-range order were found. By comparing the phase diagrams between copolymers of different periodicity, a decrease in periodicity or breakage along the copolymer backbone had nearly no influence on the phase diagrams unless the periodicity was too short to be smaller than 3. For copolymers with neutral backbones, a decrease in periodicity or breakage along the copolymer backbone reduced the critical segregation strengths of the whole copolymer at ODT. The equations for the critical segregation strengths at ODT, the architectural periodicity, and the volume fraction of the backbone were established for the Janus double-brush copolymers. The theoretical calculations were consistent with the previous theoretical, experimental, and simulation results.
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16
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Chen Z, Hu M, Li X, Smith DM, Seong H, Emrick T, Rzayev J, Russell TP. In Situ Hydrolysis of Block Copolymers at the Water‐Oil Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201392. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Xindi Li
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Darren M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Hong‐Gyu Seong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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17
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Seong HG, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Reconfiguration and Reorganization of Bottlebrush Polymer Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200530. [PMID: 35224828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush random copolymers (BRCPs), having randomly distributed hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains, are shown to reconfigure into hydrophilic-rich and hydrophobic-rich conformations at liquid-liquid interfaces to reduce interfacial energy. Both the degree of polymerization (NBB ) and extent of grafting in these BRCPs were found to impact surface coverage and assembly kinetics. The time-dependence of the interfacial tension is described as the sum of two exponential relaxation functions characterizing BRCP diffusion, interfacial adsorption, and reorganization. Interfacial tension (γ) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) results showed that higher molecular weight BRCPs require longer time to adsorb to the water-oil interface, but less time for interfacial reorganization. Overall, this work describes fundamental principles of BRCP assembly at liquid-liquid interfaces, with implications pertaining to polymer design with enhanced understanding of emulsification, adhesion, and related properties in fluids and at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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18
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Martinez MR, Dworakowska S, Gorczyński A, Szczepaniak G, Bossa FDL, Matyjaszewski K. Kinetic comparison of isomeric oligo(ethylene oxide) (meth)acrylates: Aqueous polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate and methyl 2‐(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether)acrylate macromonomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biotechnology and Renewable Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Cracow University of Technology Cracow Poland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ferdinando De Luca Bossa
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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19
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Chen Z, Hu M, Li X, Smith D, Seong HG, Emrick T, Rzayev J, Russell TP. In Situ Hydrolysis of Block Copolymers at the Water‐Oil Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Xindi Li
- University at Buffalo Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Hong-Gyu Seong
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Todd Emrick
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | - Thomas P. Russell
- University of Massachusetts Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Research Center 01003 Amherst UNITED STATES
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20
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Seong H, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Reconfiguration and Reorganization of Bottlebrush Polymer Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department Conte Center for Polymer Research University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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21
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Höhner JR, Gumerov RA, Potemkin II, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Kostina NY, Mourran A, Englert J, Schröter D, Janke L, Möller M. Globular Hydrophilic Poly(acrylate)s by an Arborescent Grafting-from Synthesis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Robin Höhner
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Rustam A. Gumerov
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I. Potemkin
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nina Yu. Kostina
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mourran
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Jenny Englert
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - David Schröter
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Lennart Janke
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
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22
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Conformational characteristics of regioselectively PEG/PS-grafted cellulosic bottlebrushes in solution: cross-sectional structure and main-chain stiffness. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Kim KH, Nam J, Choi J, Seo M, Bang J. From macromonomers to bottlebrush copolymers with sequence control: synthesis, properties, and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00126h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) are a type of comb-like macromolecules with densely grafted polymeric sidechains attached to the polymer backbones, and many intriguing properties and applications have been demonstrated due to...
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24
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Hou W, Li Z, Xu L, Li Y, Shi Y, Chen Y. High-Yield Synthesis of Molecular Bottlebrushes via PISA-Assisted Grafting-from Strategy. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1260-1265. [PMID: 35549031 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To prepare molecular bottlebrushes with high yield via a grafting-from strategy using a reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) technique has always been a big challenge due to the intra- and intermolecular radical-radical coupling. Herein, a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA)-assisted grafting-from strategy based on reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization was developed to synthesize the Janus molecular bottlebrushes with a well-defined structure and high yield using polynorbornene-g-(poly(ethylene glycols)-branch-RAFT agent) (PNB-g-(PEG-branch-CTA)) as a solvophilic multifunctional macro-CTA. The results indicated the biradical coupling terminations of propagating side chains could be significantly suppressed due to the nanoconfinement effect in the PISA of the generated Janus molecular bottlebrushes. Janus molecular bottlebrushes with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.25) and negligible intermolecular cross-linking at monomer conversion as high as 84% were prepared, demonstrating the efficiency and versatility of the PISA-assisted grafting-from approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangmeng Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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25
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Hils C, Schmelz J, Drechsler M, Schmalz H. Janus Micelles by Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic, Double-Crystalline Triblock Terpolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15582-15586. [PMID: 34529422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface-compartmentalized micellar nanostructures (Janus and patchy micelles) have gained increasing interest due to their unique properties opening highly relevant applications, e.g., as efficient particulate surfactants, compatibilizers in polymer blends, or templates for catalytically active nanoparticles. We present a facile method for the production of worm-like Janus micelles based on crystallization-driven self-assembly of a double-crystalline triblock terpolymer with a crystallizable polyethylene middle block and two highly incompatible corona blocks, polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide). This approach enables the production of amphiphilic Janus micelles with excellent interfacial activity by a comparably simple heating and cooling protocol directly in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmelz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Keylab Electron and Optical Microscopy, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Keylab Synthesis and Molecular Characterization, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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26
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Wang B, Liu T, Chen H, Yin B, Zhang Z, Russell TP, Shi S. Molecular Brush Surfactants: Versatile Emulsifiers for Stabilizing and Structuring Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19626-19630. [PMID: 34184386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using amphiphilic molecular brushes to stabilize emulsions usually requires the synthesis of specific side chains, which can be a time-consuming and difficult challenge to meet. By taking advantage of the electrostatic interactions between water-soluble molecular brushes and oil-soluble oligomeric ligands, the in situ formation, assembly and jamming of molecular brush surfactants (MBSs) at the oil-water interface is described. With MBSs, stable emulsions including o/w, w/o and o/w/o can be easily prepared by varying the molar ratios of the molecular brushes to the ligands. Moreover, when jammed, the binding energy of MBSs at the interface is sufficiently strong to allow the stabilization of liquids in nonequilibrium shapes, i.e., structuring liquids, producing an elastic film at the interface with exceptional mechanical properties. These structured liquids have numerous potential applications, including chemical biphasic reactions, liquid electronics, and all-liquid biomimetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bangqi Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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27
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Wang B, Liu T, Chen H, Yin B, Zhang Z, Russell TP, Shi S. Molecular Brush Surfactants: Versatile Emulsifiers for Stabilizing and Structuring Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Tan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bangqi Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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28
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Somuncuoğlu B, Lee YL, Constantinou AP, Poussin DL, Georgiou TK. Ethyl methacrylate diblock copolymers as polymeric surfactants: Effect of molar mass and composition. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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30
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Fayad MM, Mohamed DE, Soliman E, El-Fattah MA, Ibrahim S, Dardir M. Optimization of invert emulsion oil-based drilling fluids performance through heterocyclic imidazoline-based emulsifiers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Gao Y, Wu X, Xiang Z, Qi C. Amphiphilic Double-Brush Copolymers with a Polyurethane Backbone: A Bespoke Macromolecular Emulsifier for Ionic Liquid-in-Oil Emulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2376-2385. [PMID: 33554605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study on ionic liquid (IL)-based emulsions is very interesting due to the "green" quality and potential wide applications of ILs, whereas the emulsifiers for the formation of IL-based emulsions are extremely limited and mainly centered on low molecular weight surfactants. In this work, synthesis of amphiphilic double-brush copolymers (DBCs) and their application as bespoke macromolecular emulsifiers for the formation of IL-containing non-aqueous emulsions are described. DBCs consisted of a polyurethane (PU) backbone and poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains that were grafted simultaneously at the same reactive site along the PU backbone (PU-g-PDMA/PMMA), which were synthesized through the combination of polyaddition and the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization reactions. Highly stable [Bmim][PF6]-in-benzene emulsions could be gained by adopting PU-g-PDMA/PMMA DBCs as macromolecular emulsifiers at a low content, such as 0.025 wt %. On the basis of the stability and the size of emulsion droplets, PU-g-PDMA/PMMA DBCs exhibited much better emulsifying performances than their analogues, including PU-g-PDMA, PU-g-PMMA, and PDMA-b-PMMA copolymers. Such excellent emulsifying performances of PU-g-PDMA/PMMA DBCs were due to high interfacial activities. PU-g-PDMA/PMMA DBCs exhibited higher capabilities in lowering the interfacial tension of the [Bmim][PF6]-benzene interface than their analogues. A large energy barrier to desorption of adsorbed PU-g-PDMA/PMMA DBCs from the interface contributed to high stability of the [Bmim][PF6]-in-benzene emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Xionghui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Zhe Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
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32
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Chen Y, Ding L, Cui C, Zhong Z, Liu L, Huang Y. A simple way to synthesize a nano-scale stable epoxy emulsion for sizing CF/epoxy composites. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion prepared with EE-P20 (“lipophilic–hydrophilic–hydrophobic” structure), as the emulsifier can improve the interface performance and moisture resistance of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiFan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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33
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Hsieh TL, Martinez MR, Garoff S, Matyjaszewski K, Tilton RD. Interfacial dilatational rheology as a bridge to connect amphiphilic heterografted bottlebrush copolymer architecture to emulsifying efficiency. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:135-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Teulère C, Ben-Osman C, Barry C, Nicolaÿ R. Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic heterografted molecular brushes prepared by telomerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Micellar Carriers Based on Amphiphilic PEG/PCL Graft Copolymers for Delivery of Active Substances. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122876. [PMID: 33266207 PMCID: PMC7760728 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers of alkyne functionalized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (AlHEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MPEGMA) with graft or V-shaped graft topologies were synthesized. The functionalization of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with azide group enabled attachment to P(AlHEMA-co-MPEGMA) copolymers via a "click" alkyne-azide reaction. The introduction of PCL as a second side chain type in addition to PEG resulted in heterografted copolymers with modified properties such as biodegradability. "Click" reactions were carried out with efficiencies between 17-70% or 32-50% (for lower molecular weight PCL, 4000 g/mol, or higher molecular weight PCL, 9000 g/mol, respectively) depending on the PEG grafting density. The graft copolymers were self-assembled into micellar superstructures with the ability to encapsulate active substances, such as vitamin C (VitC), arbutin (ARB) or 4-n-butylresorcinol (4nBRE). Drug loading contents (DLC) were obtained in the range of 5-55% (VitC), 39-91% (ARB) and 42-98% (4nBRE). In vitro studies carried out in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (at pH 7.4 or 5.5) gave the maximum release levels of active substances after 10-240 min depending on the polymer system. Permeation tests in Franz chambers indicated that the bioactive substances after release by micellar systems penetrated through the artificial skin membrane in small amounts, and a majority of the bioactive substances remained inside the membrane, which is satisfactory for most cosmetic applications.
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36
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Glagoleva AA, Vasilevskaya VV. Multichain adsorption at fluid interfaces: Amphiphilic homopolymers vs copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 585:408-419. [PMID: 33307309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS At selective liquid-liquid interface, amphiphilic homopolymers, having groups with different affinity for the liquids in each monomer unit, would demonstrate higher occupation of the interfacial layer than copolymers with various distributions of groups and be advantageous as interface stabilizers. EXPERIMENTS By means of Langevin dynamics computer simulation, conformations of multiple chains of amphiphilic macromolecules adsorbed at the liquid-liquid interface were studied. Monomer units having different affinity for the liquids were distributed variously along the polymer chains. Homopolymers, amphiphilic at the level of an individual monomer unit, and copolymers with random, altermating and multiblock distribution of groups were considered. The surface coverage, structure of the layer, and spatial distribution of monomer units were investigated depending on the polymer concentration. FINDINGS Compared to copolymers with random, alternating and multiblock distributions of the groups, the interfacial layer concentration of amphiphilic homopolymer is about 1.5 times higher, the adsorbed layer is remarkably thinner, has membrane-like structure and is asymmetric with respect to interface boundary. Also, the adsorbed amphiphilic homopolymers form fewer loops and tails, most located on one side of the interface. This combination of properties is promising for practical application in modern self-assembling molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Glagoleva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - V V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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37
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Chen K, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000357. [PMID: 32844547 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two immiscible side chains on the repeating unit of the backbone. The characteristic architectures of Janus bottlebrush polymers enable unique self-assembly properties and broad applications. Recently, remarkable advances of Janus bottlebrush polymers have been achieved for polymer chemistry and material science. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of Janus bottlebrush polymers, and highlights the self-assembly applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for the further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
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38
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Lee J, Lopez G, Améduri B, Seo M. Synthesis of Heterograft Copolymers with a Semifluorinated Backbone by Combination of Grafting-through and Grafting-from Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gérald Lopez
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Universite ́ de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Universite ́ de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Montpellier, France
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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39
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Li C, Weng S, Jin M, Wan D. Dendritic Macrosurfactant Assembly for Physical Functionalization of HIPE-Templated Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E779. [PMID: 32244838 PMCID: PMC7240670 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-internal-phase emulsion-templated macroporous polymers (polyHIPEs) have attracted much interest, but their surface functionalization remains a primary concern. Thus, competitive surface functionalization via physical self-assembly of macrosurfactants was reviewed. Dendritic and diblock-copolymer macrosurfactants were tested, and the former appeared to be more topologically competitive in terms of solubility, viscosity, and versatility. In particular, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) was transformed into dendritic PEI macrosurfactants through click-like N-alkylation with epoxy compounds. Free-standing PEI macrosurfactants were used as molecular nanocapsules for charge-selective guest encapsulation and robustly dictated the surface of a macroporous polymer through the HIPE technique, in which the macroporous polymer could act as a well-recoverable adsorbent. Metal nanoparticle-loaded PEI macrosurfactants could similarly lead to polyHIPE, whose surface was dictated by its catalytic component. Unlike conventional Pickering stabilizer, PEI macrosurfactant-based metal nanocomposite resulted in open-cellular polyHIPE, rendering the catalytic sites well accessible. The active amino groups on the polyHIPE could also be transformed into functional groups of aminopolycarboxylic acids, which could efficiently eliminate trace and heavy metal species in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Decheng Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao-an Rd, Shanghai 201804, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (M.J.)
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40
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Ivanov IV, Meleshko TK, Kashina AV, Yakimansky AV. Amphiphilic multicomponent molecular brushes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent molecular brushes containing amphiphilic polymer moieties are promising objects of research of macromolecular chemistry. The development of stimulus-responsive systems sensitive to changes in environmental parameters, based on the molecular brushes, opens up new possibilities for their applications in medicine, biochemistry and microelectronics. The review presents the current understanding of the structures of main types of amphiphilic multicomponent brushes, depending on the chemical nature and type of coupling of the backbone and side chains. The approaches to the controlled synthesis of multicomponent molecular brushes of different architecture are analyzed. Self-assembly processes of multicomponent molecular brushes in selective solvents are considered.
The bibliography includes 259 references.
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41
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Wang Y, Shao F, Sauvé ER, Tonge CM, Hudson ZM. Self-assembly of giant bottlebrush block copolymer surfactants from luminescent organic electronic materials. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5421-5430. [PMID: 31243420 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00931k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush copolymers have shown promise as building blocks for self-assembled nanomaterials due to their reduced chain entanglement relative to linear polymers and their ability to self-assemble with remarkably low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). Concurrently, the preparation of bottlebrush polymers from organic electronic materials has recently been described, allowing multiple optoelectronic functions to be incorporated along the length of single bottlebrush strands. Here we describe the self-assembly of bottlebrush surfactants containing soluble n-butyl acrylate blocks and carbazole-based organic semiconductors, which self-assemble in selective solvent to give spherical micelles with CMCs below 54 nM. These narrowly dispersed structures were stable in solution at high dilution over periods of months, and could further be functionalized with fluorescent dyes to give micelles with quantum yields of 100%. These results demonstrate that bottlebrush-based nanostructures can be formed from organic semiconductor building blocks, opening the door to the preparation of fluorescent or redox-active micelles from giant polymeric surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Ethan R Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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42
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Lin X, Xie G, Liu S, Martinez MR, Wang Z, Lou H, Fu R, Wu D, Matyjaszewski K. Fabrication of Porous Nanonetwork-Structured Carbons from Well-Defined Cylindrical Molecular Bottlebrushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18763-18769. [PMID: 31020827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization was utilized to prepare well-defined cylindrical molecular bottlebrushes which were employed as building blocks and transformed into porous nanonetwork-structured carbons (PNSCs) via hypercross-linking chemistry and shape-regulated carbonization. The as-prepared PNSCs exhibited a unique nanomorphology-tunable characteristic by simply varying carbonization conditions. Because of their three-dimensional network nanomorphologies with well-developed hierarchical porous structures and conductive carbon framework, the PNSCs demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance in lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Lin
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Shaohong Liu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Michael R Martinez
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Zelin Wang
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - He Lou
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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43
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Peng F, Ke Y, Lu S, Zhao Y, Hu X, Deng Q. Anion amphiphilic random copolymers and their performance as stabilizers for O/W nanoemulsions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14692-14700. [PMID: 35516327 PMCID: PMC9064215 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of anionic amphiphilic random copolymers with sodium p-styrene sulfonate and dodecyl methacrylate side chains were synthesized via free radical polymerization and their properties in the formation and stabilization of nano-emulsions were investigated. Using poly(sodium p-styrene sulfonate)-ran-poly(dodecyl methacrylate) and Brij 30 as a stabilizer to prepare nanoemulsions, we obtained small droplet size and unimodal distribution nanoemulsions by a low-energy phase inversion composition (PIC) method. The p(SSS)-ran-p(LMA)-Brij 30 co-stabilized nanoemulsions show extraordinary long-term stability and heat resistance, there were almost no variations of droplet size after storing for 35 days and no phase inversion occurred when heating the temperature up to 90 °C. The influence of salinity on the properties of the nanoemulsions was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Peng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China
| | - Yangchuan Ke
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China
| | - Shichao Lu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China
| | - Xu Hu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China
| | - Qingchun Deng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China
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44
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Tilton RD. Opportunities for complex fluids engineering
w
ith nanoparticulate polymer brushes. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Tilton
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
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45
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Xie G, Martinez MR, Olszewski M, Sheiko SS, Matyjaszewski K. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Novel Materials. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:27-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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46
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Xie G, Martinez MR, Daniel WFM, Keith AN, Ribelli TG, Fantin M, Sheiko SS, Matyjaszewski K. Benefits of Catalyzed Radical Termination: High-Yield Synthesis of Polyacrylate Molecular Bottlebrushes without Gelation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - William F. M. Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrew N. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas G. Ribelli
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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47
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Zhang Z, Hadjichristidis N. Temperature and pH-Dual Responsive AIE-Active Core Crosslinked Polyethylene-Poly(methacrylic acid) Multimiktoarm Star Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:886-891. [PMID: 35650764 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active core crosslinked miktoarm star copolymers, having multi polyethylene (PE) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) arms, were synthesized and their thermal/pH responsive properties were studied. The procedure involves (a) the synthesis of PE-Br by polyhomologation of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide with triethylborane as initiator, followed by oxidation-hydrolysis/esterification reactions and of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA-Br) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl methacrylate, (b) the synthesis of (PE)n-(PtBMA)m-P(TPE-2St) by ATRP of a double styrene-functionalized tetraphenylethene (TPE-2St) with PE-Br and PtBMA-Br macroinitiators, and (c) the hydrolysis of (PE)n-(PtBMA)m-P(TPE-2St) to afford the amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers (PE)n-(PMMA)m-P(TPE-2St). Due to their spherical core-shell structure (temperature-responsive) and the presence of hydrophilic PMAA (pH-responsive) and TPE-2St (AIE), these miktoarm star copolymers are AIE materials with temperature/pH-dual responsivity. In addition, thanks to the coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic arms, these materials promote stable water-in-oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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48
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Design of hybrid molecular brushes with reversible surface adaptability on exposure to specific solvents. Biointerphases 2018; 13:041006. [PMID: 30001629 DOI: 10.1116/1.5029479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid molecular brushes (HMBs) are macromolecules made of a linear backbone and polymeric side chains that differ in their chemical nature. The authors developed a new method of synthesis of HMB with chitosan (CHI) backbone. In the first step, chitosan-graft-polylactide (CHI-g-PLA) was synthesized by interfacial ring opening polymerization of lactide initiated from CHI. CHI-g-PLA is characterized for its molecular weight and structure. In the second step, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PNVP) or polyacrylamide (PAAm) is grafted by radical polymerization from the CHI in CHI-g-PLA to form CHI-g-PLA-g-PNVP and CHI-g-PLA-g-PAAm. This results in the formation of HMB, with hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic PNVP or PAAm side chains grafted to CHI. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the HMBs are characterized. The morphology of CHI-g-PLA as well as the HMBs is determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both the HMBs tethered to separate surfaces exhibit reversible switching between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on exposure to specific solvents. This is studied by AFM and water contact angle measurements. Hence, the authors developed a method for synthesis of HMB that can be applied for surface modification.
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Guo H, Liu P, Li H, Cheng C, Gao Y. Responsive Emulsions Stabilized by Amphiphilic Supramolecular Graft Copolymers Formed in Situ at the Oil-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5750-5758. [PMID: 29738255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic supramolecular graft copolymers which can stabilize oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions and enable responsive demulsification were demonstrated in this study. Linear poly[( N, N-dimethylacrylmide)- stat-(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid)] (PDMA- stat-PAPBA) copolymers with phenylboronic acid (PBA) groups and linear polystyrene homopolymers with cis-diol terminals (PS(OH)2) were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. By the homogenization of the biphasic mixtures of an alkaline water solution of PDMA- stat-PAPBA copolymer and a toluene solution of PS(OH)2 homopolymer, stable o/w emulsions could be generated, although neither PDMA- stat-PAPBA nor PS(OH)2 alone was able to stabilize the emulsion. It was verified that the dispersed oil droplets in the emulsions were stabilized by the amphiphilic PDMA- stat-PAPBA- g-PS supramolecular graft copolymers, which were formed in situ at the oil-water interface by the complexation between the lateral PBA groups of PDMA- stat-PAPBA and the diol terminals of PS(OH)2 during homogenization. These emulsions showed pH- and glucose-responsive demulsification because of the reversible B-O bonds between the PDMA- stat-PAPBA backbones and the PS side chains. The effects of polymer concentrations on emulsion formation were also investigated. The current study provides an alternative method for the facile preparation of responsive polymeric emulsifiers, which potentially may be extended to other polymer pairs containing PBA and cis-diol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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50
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Pelras T, Mahon CS, Müllner M. Synthese und Anwendung von kompartimentierten molekularen Polymerbürsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
| | - Clare S. Mahon
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD Großbritannien
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney 2006 NSW Australien
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