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Leo CM, Jang J, Corey EJ, Neary WJ, Bowman JI, Kennemur JG. Comparison of Polypentenamer and Polynorbornene Bottlebrushes in Dilute Solution. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:235-246. [PMID: 38882033 PMCID: PMC11177302 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush (BB) polymers were synthesized via grafting-from-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene on polypentenamer and polynorbornene macroinitiators with matched grafting density (n g = 4) and backbone degrees of polymerization (122 ≥ N bb ≥ 61) to produce a comparative study on their respective dilute solution properties as a function of increasing side chain degree of polymerization (116 ≥ N sc ≥ 5). The grafting-from technique produced near quantitative grafting efficiency and narrow dispersity N sc as evidenced by spectroscopic analysis and ring closing metathesis depolymerization of the polypentenamer BBs. The versatility of this synthetic approach permitted a comprehensive survey of power law expressions that arise from monitoring intrinsic viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and radius of gyration as a function of increasing the molar mass of the BBs by increasing N sc. These values were compared to a series of linear (nongrafted, N sc = 0) macroinitiators in addition to linear grafts. This unique study allowed elucidation of the onset of bottlebrush behavior for two different types of bottlebrush backbones with identical grafting density but inherently different flexibility. In addition, grafting-from ATRP of methyl acrylate on a polypentenamer macroinitiator allowed the observation of the effects of graft chemistry in comparison to polystyrene. Differences in the observed scaling relationships in dilute solution as a function of each of these synthetic variants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Leo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Jaehoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Ethan J Corey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - William J Neary
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin G Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
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2
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Kelly MT, Zhao B. Worm-globule transition of amphiphilic pH-responsive heterografted bottlebrushes at air-water interface. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1224-1235. [PMID: 38230501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heterografted molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) with side chains composed of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA, pKa = 7.4) have been shown to be efficient, robust, and responsive emulsifiers. However, it remains unknown how they respond to external stimuli at interfaces. In this work, the shape-changing behavior of six hetero- and homografted MBBs at air-water interfaces in response to pH changes and lateral compression was investigated using a Langmuir-Blodgett trough and atomic force microscopy. At a surface pressure of 0.5 mN m-1, PDEAEMA-containing MBBs showed no worm-globule transitions when the pH was increased from 4.0 to 10.0, at which PDEAEMA becomes insoluble in water. Upon lateral compression at pH 4.0, MBBs with a mole fraction of PDEAEMA side chains (xPDEAEMA) < 0.50 underwent pronounced worm-globule shape transitions; there was an increasing tendency for bottlebrushes to become connected with increasing xPDEAEMA. At xPDEAEMA = 0.76, the molecules remained wormlike even at high compression. These observations were presumably caused by the increased electrostatic repulsion between protonated PDEAEMA side chains in the subphase with increasing xPDEAEMA, hindering the shape change. At pH 10.0, MBBs with xPDEAEMA < 0.50 showed a lower tendency to change their wormlike morphologies upon compression than at pH 4.0. No shape transition was observed when xPDEAEMA > 0.50, attributed to the relatively high affinity toward water and the rigidity of PDEAEMA. This study revealed the shape-changing behavior of amphiphilic pH-responsive MBBs at air-water interfaces, which could be useful for future design of multicomponent MBBs for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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3
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Kelly MT, Chen Z, Russell TP, Zhao B. Amphiphilic Heterografted Molecular Bottlebrushes with Tertiary Amine-Containing Side Chains as Efficient and Robust pH-Responsive Emulsifiers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315424. [PMID: 37956395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining the unique characteristics of molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) and the properties of stimuli-responsive polymers, we show that MBBs with randomly grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) side chains are efficient and robust pH-responsive emulsifiers. Water-in-toluene emulsions were formed at pH 4.0 and disrupted by increasing the pH to 10.0. The emulsion generation and disruption was reversible over the ten cycles investigated, and the bottlebrushes remained intact. The exceptional emulsion stability stemmed from the high interfacial binding energy of MBBs, imparted by their large molecular size and Janus architecture at the interface, as evidenced by the interfacial jamming and wrinkling of the assemblies upon reducing the interfacial area. At pH 10.0, PDEAEMA became water-insoluble, and the MBBs desorbed from the interface, causing de-emulsification. Consequently, we have shown that the judicious design of MBBs can generate properties of particle emulsifiers from their large size, while the responsiveness of the MBBs enables more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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4
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Dobrynin AV, Stroujkova A, Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani M, Sheiko SS. Coarse-Grained Artificial Intelligence for Design of Brush Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1510-1516. [PMID: 37888787 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to synthesize elastomeric materials with programmable mechanical properties is vital for advanced soft matter applications. Due to the inherent complexity of hierarchical structure-property correlations in brush-like polymer networks, the application of conventional theory-based, so-called Human Intelligence (HI) approaches becomes increasingly difficult. Herein we developed a design strategy based on synergistic combination of HI and AI tools which allows precise encoding of mechanical properties with three architectural parameters: degrees of polymerization (DP) of network strands, nx, side chains, nsc, backbone spacers between side chains, ng. Implementing a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN), we took advantage of model-predicted structure-property cross-correlations between coarse-grained system code including chemistry specific characteristics S = [l, v, b] defined by monomer projection length l and excluded volume v, Kuhn length b of bare backbone and side chains, and architecture A = [nsc, ng, nx] of polymer networks and their equilibrium mechanical properties P = [G, β] including the structural shear modulus G and firmness parameter β. The ANN was trained by minimizing the mean-square error with Bayesian regularization to avoid overfitting using a data set of experimental stress-deformation curves of networks with brush-like strands of poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(isobutylene), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) having structural modulus G < 50 kPa and 0.01 ≤ β ≤ 0.3. The trained ANN predicts network mechanical properties with 95% confidence. The developed ANN was implemented for synthesis of model networks with identical mechanical properties but different chemistries of network strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Dobrynin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anastasia Stroujkova
- Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559, United States
| | | | - Sergei S Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Qu J, Chen Q, Huang W, Zhang L, Liu J. Dispersion and Diffusion Mechanism of Nanofillers with Different Geometries in Bottlebrush Polymers: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7761-7770. [PMID: 36169228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion and diffusion mechanism of nanofillers in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are crucial for understanding the properties of PNCs, which is of great significance for the design of novel materials. Herein, we investigate the dispersion and diffusion behavior of two geometries of nanofillers, namely, spherical nanoparticles (SNPs) and nanorods (NRs), in bottlebrush polymers by utilizing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. With the increase of the interaction strength between the nanofiller and polymer (εnp), both the SNPs and NRs experience a typical "aggregated phase-dispersed phase-bridged phase" state transition in the bottlebrush polymer matrix. We evaluate the validity of the Stokes-Einstein (SE) equation for predicting the diffusion coefficient of nanofillers in bottlebrush polymers. The results demonstrate that the SE predictions are slightly larger than the simulated values for small SNP sizes because the local viscosity that is felt by small SNPs in the densely grafted bottlebrush polymer does not differ much from the macroscopic viscosity. The relative size of the length of the NRs (L) and the radius of gyration (Rg) of the bottlebrush polymer play a key role in the diffusion of NRs. In addition, we characterize the anisotropic diffusion of NRs to analyze their translational and rotational diffusion. The motion of NRs in the direction perpendicular to the end-to-end vector is more hindered, indicating that there is a strong coupling between the rotation of NRs and the motion of the polymer. The NR motion shows stronger anisotropic diffusion at short time scales because of the steric effects generated by side chains of the bottlebrush polymer. In general, our results provide a fundamental understanding of the dispersion of nanofillers and the microscopic mechanism of nanofiller diffusion in bottlebrush polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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6
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Bezlepkina KA, Milenin SA, Vasilenko NG, Muzafarov AM. Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) and Catalytic Rearrangement as a Way to Obtain Siloxane Mono- and Telechelics, as Well as Well-Organized Branching Centers: History and Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122408. [PMID: 35745987 PMCID: PMC9229176 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PDMS telechelics are important both in industry and in academic research. They are used both in the free state and as part of copolymers and cross-linked materials. At present, the most important, practically used, and well-studied method for the preparation of such PDMS is diorganosiloxane ring-opening polymerization (ROP) in the presence of nucleophilic or electrophilic initiators. In our brief review, we reviewed the current advances in the field of obtaining polydiorganosiloxane telechelics and monofunctional PDMS, as well as well-organized branching centers by the ROP mechanism and catalytic rearrangement, one of the first and most important reactions in the polymer chemistry of silicones, which remains so at the present time.
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7
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Gao M, Meng Y, Shen C, Pei Q. Stiffness Variable Polymers Comprising Phase-Changing Side-Chains: Material Syntheses and Application Explorations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109798. [PMID: 35119148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness variable materials have been applied in a variety of engineering fields that require adaptation, automatic modulation, and morphing because of their unique property to switch between a rigid, load-bearing state and a soft, compliant state. Stiffness variable polymers comprising phase-changing side-chains (s-SVPs) have densely grafted, highly crystallizable long alkyl side-chains in a crosslinked network. Such a bottlebrush network-like structure gives rise to rigidity modulation as a result of the reversible crystallization and melting of the side chains. The corresponding modulus changes can be more than 1000-fold within a narrow temperature span, from ≈102 MPa to ≈102 kPa or lower. Other important properties of the s-SVP, such as stretchability, optical transmittance, and adhesion, can also be altered. This work reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in the s-SVP's, discusses the material's structure-property relationship, and summarizes important applications explored so far, including reversible shape transformation, bistable electromechanical transduction, optical modulation, and reversible adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claire Shen
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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8
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Asadi V, Li X, Ruggeri FS, Zuilhof H, van der Gucht J, Kodger TE. Synthesis of well-defined linear–bottlebrush–linear triblock copolymer towards architecturally-tunable soft materials. Polym Chem 2022; 13:4666-4674. [PMID: 36092984 PMCID: PMC9379773 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linear–bottlebrush–linear (LBBL) triblock copolymers are emerging systems for topologically-tunable elastic materials. In this paper, a new synthetic methodology is presented to synthesize LBBL polystyrene-block-bottlebrushpolydimethylsiloxane-block-polystyrene (PS-b-bbPDMS-b-PS) triblock copolymer via the “grafting onto” approach where the precursors are individually synthesized through living anionic polymerization and selective coupling reaction. In this two-step approach, polystyrene-block-polymethylvinylsiloxane (PS-b-PMVS) diblock copolymer with a low dispersity couples with another living PS block to form PS-b-PMVS-b-PS triblock copolymer. Secondly, this is followed by grafting of separately prepared monohydride-terminated PDMS chains with controllable grafting density through a hydrosilylation reaction. In addition to fully tunable architectural parameters, this approach permits a quantitative determination of the ratio of diblock and triblock bottlebrush copolymers and consistency between batches, highlighting the feasibility for scaled-up production. These LBBL triblock copolymers self-assemble into soft, low-modulus thermoplastic elastomers, and the precise knowledge of the composition is crucial for correlating microstructure to mechanical properties. A new method is discussed to synthesize linear–bottlebrush–linear polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer via “grafting onto” approach with well-defined and tunable architectural parameters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Asadi
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xuecong Li
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Simone Ruggeri
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E. Kodger
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Tikhonov PA, Vasilenko NG, Muzafarov AM. Multiarm Star Polymers. Fundamental Aspects. A Review. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s001250082101002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Nakagawa S, Yoshie N. Synthesis of a Bottlebrush Polymer Gel with a Uniform and Controlled Network Structure. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:186-191. [PMID: 35570783 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A structurally controlled polymer gel was synthesized by end-linking a monodisperse star polymer in which each arm was a bottlebrush (BB) polymer densely grafted with side chains. The combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and postpolymerization modification yielded a four-arm star-shaped BB polymer with a controlled polymerization degree of the backbone and side chains. The reactive end groups introduced at the end of each arm reacted with small bifunctional linkers in solution, leading to the formation of a BB polymer gel. The elasticity study on the BB polymer gel suggested its uniform network structure. Our method enables precise and uniform tuning of essential structural parameters across the entire BB polymer network, which will be beneficial for developing soft materials with desired mechanical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Nakagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshie
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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12
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13
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Xie R, Mukherjee S, Levi AE, Reynolds VG, Wang H, Chabinyc ML, Bates CM. Room temperature 3D printing of super-soft and solvent-free elastomers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc6900. [PMID: 33188029 PMCID: PMC7673745 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Super-soft elastomers derived from bottlebrush polymers show promise as advanced materials for biomimetic tissue and device applications, but current processing strategies are restricted to simple molding. Here, we introduce a design concept that enables the three-dimensional (3D) printing of super-soft and solvent-free bottlebrush elastomers at room temperature. The key advance is a class of inks comprising statistical bottlebrush polymers that self-assemble into well-ordered body-centered cubic sphere phases. These soft solids undergo sharp and reversible yielding at 20°C in response to shear with a yield stress that can be tuned by manipulating the length scale of microphase separation. The addition of a soluble photocrosslinker allows complete ultraviolet curing after extrusion to form super-soft elastomers with near-perfect recoverable elasticity well beyond the yield strain. These structure-property design rules create exciting opportunities to tailor the performance of 3D-printed elastomers in ways that are not possible with current materials and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxuan Xie
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Adam E Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Veronica G Reynolds
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael L Chabinyc
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Christopher M Bates
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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14
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López-Barrón CR, Hagadorn JR, Throckmorton JA. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of α-Olefin Molecular Bottlebrushes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Hagadorn
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
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15
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Qi H, Liu X, Henn DM, Mei S, Staub MC, Zhao B, Li CY. Breaking translational symmetry via polymer chain overcrowding in molecular bottlebrush crystallization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2152. [PMID: 32358513 PMCID: PMC7195396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental laws in crystallization is translational symmetry, which accounts for the profound shapes observed in natural mineral crystals and snowflakes. Herein, we report on the spontaneous formation of spherical hollow crystals with broken translational symmetry in crystalline molecular bottlebrush (mBB) polymers. The unique structure is named as mBB crystalsome (mBBC), highlighting its similarity to the classical molecular vesicles. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments show that the mBBC formation is driven by local chain overcrowding-induced asymmetric lamella bending, which is further confirmed by correlating crystalsome size with crystallization temperature and mBB's side chain grafting density. Our study unravels a new principle of spontaneous translational symmetry breaking, providing a general route towards designing versatile nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiting Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel M Henn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Shan Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark C Staub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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16
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Fu X, Guo ZH, Le AN, Lei J, Zhong M. Synthesis and visualization of molecular brush- on-brush based hierarchically branched structures. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An atom transfer radical polymerization-mediated sequential “graft-from” approach was developed to synthesize molecular brush-on-brush (MBoB)-based hierarchically branched polymers with readily tunable structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology
| | - An N. Le
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
| | - Jingxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
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17
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Yao X, Huang P, Nie Z. Cyclodextrin-based polymer materials: From controlled synthesis to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Zanjani MB, Zhang B, Ahammed B, Chamberlin JP, Chakma P, Konkolewicz D, Ye Z. Computational Investigation of the Effect of Network Architecture on Mechanical Properties of Dynamically Cross‐Linked Polymer Materials. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi B. Zanjani
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Borui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Ballal Ahammed
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Joseph P. Chamberlin
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
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19
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Fei H, Yavitt BM, Kopanati G, Watkins JJ. Effect of side chain and backbone length on lamellar spacing in polystyrene‐block‐poly(dimethyl siloxane) brush block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Fei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst 120 Governors Drive, Amherst Massachusetts, 01003
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst 120 Governors Drive, Amherst Massachusetts, 01003
| | - Gayathri Kopanati
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst 120 Governors Drive, Amherst Massachusetts, 01003
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst 120 Governors Drive, Amherst Massachusetts, 01003
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20
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Korolkov VV, Summerfield A, Murphy A, Amabilino DB, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Beton PH. Ultra-high resolution imaging of thin films and single strands of polythiophene using atomic force microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 30948725 PMCID: PMC6449331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-space images of polymers with sub-molecular resolution could provide valuable insights into the relationship between morphology and functionality of polymer optoelectronic devices, but their acquisition is problematic due to perceived limitations in atomic force microscopy (AFM). We show that individual thiophene units and the lattice of semicrystalline spin-coated films of polythiophenes (PTs) may be resolved using AFM under ambient conditions through the low-amplitude (≤ 1 nm) excitation of higher eigenmodes of a cantilever. PT strands are adsorbed on hexagonal boron nitride near-parallel to the surface in islands with lateral dimensions ~10 nm. On the surface of a spin-coated PT thin film, in which the thiophene groups are perpendicular to the interface, we resolve terminal CH3-groups in a square arrangement with a lattice constant 0.55 nm from which we can identify abrupt boundaries and also regions with more slowly varying disorder, which allow comparison with proposed models of PT domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Korolkov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Alex Summerfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alanna Murphy
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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21
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Creusen G, Roshanasan A, Garcia Lopez J, Peneva K, Walther A. Bottom-up design of model network elastomers and hydrogels from precise star polymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined high-molecular weight star polymers based on low-Tg water-soluble polymers enable bottom-up design of model network elastomers and functional hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Creusen
- A3BMS Lab – Active
- Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
| | - Ardeshir Roshanasan
- A3BMS Lab – Active
- Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
| | - Javier Garcia Lopez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Jena Center of Soft Matter
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Jena Center of Soft Matter
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab – Active
- Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
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22
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Xie G, Martinez MR, Olszewski M, Sheiko SS, Matyjaszewski K. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Novel Materials. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:27-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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23
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Neary WJ, Fultz BA, Kennemur JG. Well-Defined and Precision-Grafted Bottlebrush Polypentenamers from Variable Temperature ROMP and ATRP. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1080-1086. [PMID: 35632939 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polypentenamer macroinitiators are synthesized through variable temperature ring opening metathesis polymerization of 3-cyclopentenyl α-bromoisobutyrate, which has sufficient ring strain (ΔHp = -22.6 kJ mol-1) to produce targeted molar mass (<5% from theoretical), low dispersity (1.17 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.23), and high conversion (∼72%). An initiation site for atom-transfer radical polymerization at every fifth backbone carbon allows "grafting-from" of styrene with quantitative initiation and linear molar mass increase with time. These bottlebrushes retain a low dispersity (Đ ≤ 1.34) at varying graft degrees of polymerization (5 ≤ Nsc ≤ 49) and have a glass transition temperature highly sensitized to graft length. Extension of the grafts with methyl methacrylate produces a core-shell brush polymer with high molar mass (>1000 kg mol-1) and Đ = 1.33. This system exhibits high synthetic versatility and control with a unique flexible backbone to expand the suite of densely grafted polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Neary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brandon A. Fultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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24
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Xie G, Martinez MR, Daniel WFM, Keith AN, Ribelli TG, Fantin M, Sheiko SS, Matyjaszewski K. Benefits of Catalyzed Radical Termination: High-Yield Synthesis of Polyacrylate Molecular Bottlebrushes without Gelation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - William F. M. Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrew N. Keith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas G. Ribelli
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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25
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Haugan IN, Maher MJ, Chang AB, Lin TP, Grubbs RH, Hillmyer MA, Bates FS. Consequences of Grafting Density on the Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of Graft Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:525-530. [PMID: 35632925 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The linear viscoelastic behavior of poly(norbornene)-graft-poly(±-lactide) was investigated as a function of grafting density and overall molar mass. Eight sets of polymers with grafting densities ranging from 0 to 100% were synthesized by living ring-opening metathesis copolymerization. Within each set, the graft chain molar mass and spacing between grafts were fixed, while the total backbone length was varied. Dynamic master curves reveal that these polymers display Rouse and reptation dynamics with a sharp transition in the zero-shear viscosity data, demonstrating that grafting density strongly impacts the entanglement molar mass. The entanglement modulus (Ge) scales with inverse grafting density (ng) as Ge ∼ ng1.2 and Ge ∼ ng0 in accordance with scaling theory in the high and low grafting density limits, respectively. However, a sharp transition between these limiting behaviors occurs, which does not conform to existing theoretical models for graft polymers. A molecular interpretation based on thin flexible chains at low grafting density and thick semiflexible chains at high grafting density anticipates the sharp transition between the limiting dynamical regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N. Haugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael J. Maher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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26
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Cuthbert J, Beziau A, Gottlieb E, Fu L, Yuan R, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Transformable Materials: Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) Gels by Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Antoine Beziau
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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27
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Liang H, Sheiko SS, Dobrynin AV. Supersoft and Hyperelastic Polymer Networks with Brushlike Strands. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Liang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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28
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Sarapas JM, Chan EP, Rettner EM, Beers KL. Compressing and Swelling To Study the Structure of Extremely Soft Bottlebrush Networks Prepared by ROMP. Macromolecules 2018; 51:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00018. [PMID: 38606324 PMCID: PMC11008524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To fully explore bottlebrush polymer networks as potential model materials, a robust and versatile synthetic platform is required. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a highly controlled, rapid, and functional group tolerant polymerization technique that has been used extensively for bottlebrush polymer generation but to this point has not been used to synthesize bottlebrush polymer networks. We polymerized a mononorbornene macromonomer and dinorbornene cross-linker (both poly(n-butyl acrylate)) with Grubbs' third-generation catalyst to achieve bottlebrush networks and in turn demonstrated control over network properties as the ratio of macromonomer and cross-linker was varied. Macromonomer to cross-linker ratios ([ MM ] / [ XL ] ) of 10 to 100 were investigated, of which all derivative networks yielded gel fractions over 90%. Because of its amenability toward small samples, contact adhesion testing was used to quantify dry-state shear modulus G , which ranged from 1 to 10 kPa, reinforcing that bottlebrush polymer networks can achieve low moduli in the dry state compared to other polymer network materials through the mitigation of entanglements. A scaling relationship was found such that G ∼ ( [ MM ] / [ XL ] ) - 0.81 , indicating that macromonomer to cross-linker ratio is a good estimator of cross-linking density. The swelling ratio in toluene, Q , was compared to dry-state modulus to test the universal scaling relationship for linear networks G ∼ Q - 1.75 , and a measured exponent of -1.71 indicated good agreement. The synthetic platform outlined here represents a highly flexible route to a myriad of different bottlebrush networks and will increase the accessibility of materials critical to applications ranging from fundamental to biomedical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Sarapas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Edwin P. Chan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Emma M. Rettner
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Beers
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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29
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Mimicking biological stress-strain behaviour with synthetic elastomers. Nature 2017; 549:497-501. [PMID: 28869962 DOI: 10.1038/nature23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the versatility of synthetic chemistry, certain combinations of mechanical softness, strength, and toughness can be difficult to achieve in a single material. These combinations are, however, commonplace in biological tissues, and are therefore needed for applications such as medical implants, tissue engineering, soft robotics, and wearable electronics. Present materials synthesis strategies are predominantly Edisonian, involving the empirical mixing of assorted monomers, crosslinking schemes, and occluded swelling agents, but this approach yields limited property control. Here we present a general strategy for mimicking the mechanical behaviour of biological materials by precisely encoding their stress-strain curves in solvent-free brush- and comb-like polymer networks (elastomers). The code consists of three independent architectural parameters-network strand length, side-chain length and grafting density. Using prototypical poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, we illustrate how this parametric triplet enables the replication of the strain-stiffening characteristics of jellyfish, lung, and arterial tissues.
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30
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Su L, Heo GS, Lin Y, Dong M, Zhang S, Chen Y, Sun G, Wooley KL. Syntheses of triblock bottlebrush polymers through sequential ROMPs: Expanding the functionalities of molecular brushes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
| | - Yen‐Nan Lin
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- College of MedicineTexas A&M UniversityBryan Texas77807
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
| | - Guorong Sun
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
- Laboratory for Synthetic‐Biologic InteractionsTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas77842
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