1
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Park SH, Kwon NY, Jung SH, Harit AK, Woo HY, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Novel Pseudo-ternary Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Conjugated Donor Block Copolymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20266-20277. [PMID: 37043738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent breakthrough in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) that contain an active layer of a ternary system has achieved values of 18-19%; this has sparked interest for further research. However, this system has difficulties in optimizing the composition and controlling the interaction between the three active materials. In this study, we investigated the use of a donor1 (D1)-donor2 (D2) conjugated block copolymer (CBP), PM6-b-TT, to replace the physical blend of two donors. PM6-b-TT, which exhibits an extended absorption range, was synthesized by covalently bonding PM6, a medium-band gap polymer, with PBDT-TT, a wide-band gap polymer. The blend films containing PM6-b-TT and Y6-BO acceptor, demonstrated excellent crystallinity and a film morphology favorable for PSCs. The corresponding pseudo-ternary PSC exhibited significantly higher PCE and thermal stability than the PM6:PBDT-TT-based ternary device. This study unambiguously demonstrates that the novel D1-D2 CBP strategy, combined with the conventional binary and ternary system advantages, is a promising material production strategy that can boost the performance of future PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ye L, Thompson BC. Improving the efficiency and sustainability of catalysts for direct arylation polymerization (DArP). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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3
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Shin YH, Komber H, Caiola D, Cassinelli M, Sun H, Stegerer D, Schreiter M, Horatz K, Lissel F, Jiao X, McNeill CR, Cimò S, Bertarelli C, Fabiano S, Caironi M, Sommer M. Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of a Glycolated Naphthalene Diimide Bithiophene Copolymer for Application in Low-Level n-Doped Organic Thermoelectrics. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-hun Shin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Davide Caiola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Cassinelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Hengda Sun
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dominik Stegerer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcel Schreiter
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Kilian Horatz
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia
| | - Simone Cimò
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano 20133, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
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Jessop IA, Chong A, Graffo L, Camarada MB, Espinoza C, Angel FA, Saldías C, Tundidor-Camba A, Terraza CA. Synthesis and Characterization of a 2,3-Dialkoxynaphthalene-Based Conjugated Copolymer via Direct Arylation Polymerization (DAP) for Organic Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1377. [PMID: 32575423 PMCID: PMC7362231 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly[(5,5'-(2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)naphthalene-1,4-diyl)bis(thiophene-2,2'-diyl))-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)] (PEHONDTBT) was synthesized for the first time and through direct arylation polymerization (DAP) for use as p-donor material in organic solar cells. Optimized reaction protocol leads to a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer in good yield, with less structural defects than its analog obtained from Suzuki polycondensation, and with similar or even higher molecular weight than other previously reported polymers based on the 2,3-dialkoxynaphthalene monomer. The batch-to-batch repeatability of the optimized DAP conditions for the synthesis of PEHONDTBT was proved, showing the robustness of the synthetic strategy. The structure of PEHONDTBT was corroborated by NMR, exhibiting good solubility in common organic solvents, good film-forming ability, and thermal stability. PEHONDTBT film presented an absorption band centered at 498 nm, a band gap of 2.15 eV, and HOMO and LUMO energy levels of -5.31 eV and -3.17 eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations were performed to understand the regioselectivity in the synthesis of PEHONDTBT and to rationalize its optoelectronic properties. Bilayer heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices with PEHONDTBT as the donor layer were fabricated to test their photovoltaic performance, affording low power-conversion efficiency in the preliminary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A. Jessop
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Aylin Chong
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Linda Graffo
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - María B. Camarada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Catalina Espinoza
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.E.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Felipe A. Angel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.E.); (F.A.A.)
- Centro de Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Cesar Saldías
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.T.-C.); (C.A.T.)
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Terraza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.T.-C.); (C.A.T.)
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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5
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Uegaki K, Nakabayashi K, Yamamoto SI, Koizumi T, Hayashi S. Donor-acceptor random regioregular π-conjugated copolymers based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) with unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo units. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19034-19040. [PMID: 35518285 PMCID: PMC9053906 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor π-conjugated random copolymers based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), rr-P3HT, with unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo moieties were obtained by direct arylation polycondensation of 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene with unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo motifs under the optimized conditions [palladium-immobilized on thiol-modified silica gel with chloride counter anions, PITS-Cl (2.5 mol%), PivOH (1.0 equiv.), K2CO3 (3.0 equiv.), DMAc, 100 °C, 24 h]. Incorporation of unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo electron-acceptor units into the polymers tuned their highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, which were close to those of the hole transport material (PEDOT) and electron transport material (PCBM), respectively, in thin-film organic solar cells. Alkyl chains of the unsymmetrical monothienoisoindigo units in the polymers tuned their macrostructural order, resulting in the observation of crystalline patterns and specific absorption peaks in thin films. An organic solar cell containing the most crystalline random copolymer showed an efficiency of 1.91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Uegaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Toshio Koizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu Yokosuka Kanagawa 239-8686 Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Center for Molecular Design, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology 185 Miyanokuchi Kami Kochi 782-8502 Japan
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6
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Sanzone A, Cimò S, Mattiello S, Ruffo R, Facchinetti I, Bonacchini GE, Caironi M, Sassi M, Sommer M, Beverina L. Preparation of Naphthalene Dianhydride Bithiophene Copolymers by Direct Arylation Polycondensation and the Latent Pigment Approach. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1346-1352. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
| | - Simone Cimò
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
| | - Irene Facchinetti
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
| | - Giorgio E. Bonacchini
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi Via Pascoli, 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi Via Pascoli, 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut for ChemistryChemnitz University of Technology Strasse der Nationen 62 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20127 Milano Italy
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7
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Rahmanudin A, Yao L, Sekar A, Cho HH, Liu Y, Lhermitte CR, Sivula K. Fully Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics via Heck-Mizoroki Coupling. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:134-139. [PMID: 35619421 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of facile routes to prepare fully conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) from diverse monomers is an important goal for advancing robust bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein we introduce a synthetic strategy for step-growth BCPs employing 1,2-bis(trialkylstannyl)ethene as one monomer, which, in addition to offering improved backbone planarity, directly yields a vinylene-terminated macromonomer suitable for Heck-Mizoroki coupling. The benefits of our strategy, which facilitates the preparation of functionalized macromonomers suitable for BCP synthesis, are demonstrated with a representative BCP based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) copolymer coded pBDTTDPP as the donor block and a perylenediimide (PDI) copolymer coded as pPDIV as the acceptor block. Feed ratio optimization affords control over the macromonomer chain-end functionalities and allows for the selective formation of a tri-BCP consisting of pPDIV-b-pBDTTDPP-b-pPDIV, which is employed in a single-component BHJ OPV. Devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1.51% after thermal stress at 150 °C compared to 0.02% for a control device consisting of a comparable blend of pBDTTDPP and pPDIV. The difference in performance is ascribed to the morphological stability of the BHJ when using the BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Rahmanudin
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Liang Yao
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Arvindh Sekar
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Han-Hee Cho
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Charles R. Lhermitte
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sivula
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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Nübling F, Hopper TR, Kuei B, Komber H, Untilova V, Schmidt SB, Brinkmann M, Gomez ED, Bakulin AA, Sommer M. Block Junction-Functionalized All-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1143-1155. [PMID: 30523687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Junction-functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers (BCPs) enable spatial and electronic control over interfacial charge dynamics in excitonic devices such as solar cells. Here, we present the design, synthesis, morphology, and electronic characterization of block junction-functionalized, all-conjugated, all-crystalline D-A BCPs. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a single thienylated diketopyrrolopyrrole (Th xDPPTh x, x = 1 or 2) unit, and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) are used as donor, interfacial unit, and acceptor, respectively. Almost all C-C coupling steps are accomplished by virtue of C-H activation. Synthesis of the macroreagent H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x, with x determining its C-H reactivity, is key to the synthesis of various BCPs of type H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x- block-PNDIT2. Morphology is determined from a combination of calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thin-film scattering. Block copolymer crystallinity of P3HT and PNDIT2 is reduced, indicating frustrated crystallization. A long period lp is invisible from TEM, but shows up in resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments at a length scale of lp ∼ 60 nm. Photoluminescence of H-P3HT-Th xDPPTh x indicates efficient transfer of the excitation energy to the DPP chain end, but is quenched in BCP films. Transient absorption and pump-push photocurrent spectroscopies reveal geminate recombination (GR) as the main loss channel in as-prepared BCP films independent of junction functionalization. Melt annealing increases GR as a result of the low degree of crystallinity and poorly defined interfaces and additionally changes backbone orientation of PNDIT2 from face-on to edge-on. These morphological effects dominate solar cell performance and cause an insensitivity to the presence of the block junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Straße 6 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Viktoriia Untilova
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Simon B Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 Rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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Aldrich TJ, Dudnik AS, Eastham ND, Manley EF, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Suppressing Defect Formation Pathways in the Direct C–H Arylation Polymerization of Photovoltaic Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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11
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Lee JA, Luscombe CK. Dual-Catalytic Ag-Pd System for Direct Arylation Polymerization to Synthesize Poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:767-771. [PMID: 35650765 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has gained interest in materials chemistry as a method to synthesize conjugated polymers with minimal use of harsh reagents and additional steps. Traditional DArP conditions do not readily yield ideal polymerization characteristics, including chain-growth and low dispersities. It would be of great utility to advance DArP methodology to become competitive with traditional conjugated polymerization techniques. We have developed conditions for a dual-catalytic Ag-Pd system for the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) that exhibits chain-growth kinetics, low dispersities, and catalyst chain association by Pd. Specifically, the presence of Ag-carboxylate additives plays a beneficial role in the polymerization as a C-H activating agent, while PEPPSI-iPr is used as the Pd source for C-C coupling. The addition of pyridine is necessary to inhibit Pd-mediated C-H activation in the interest of catalyst orthogonality, which can lower dispersities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Albert Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
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12
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Nübling F, Yang D, Müller-Buschbaum P, Brinkmann M, Sommer M. In Situ Synthesis of Ternary Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18149-18160. [PMID: 29742897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of in situ-synthesized all-conjugated block copolymer (BCP) compatibilized ternary blends containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly{[ N, N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dibcarboximide)-2,6-diyl]- alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDIT2) as donor and acceptor polymers, respectively, is presented. Both polymers are incompatible and show strong segregation in blends, which renders compatibilization with their corresponding BCPs promising to enable nanometer-phase-separated structures suitable for excitonic devices. Here, we synthesize a ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blend system and investigate the phase behavior as a function of block copolymer molecular weight and different annealing conditions. The device performance decreases on increasing annealing temperatures. To understand this effect, morphological investigations including atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and grazing incidence wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) are carried out. On comparing domain sizes of pristine and compatibilized blends obtained from GISAXS, a weak compatibilization effect appears to take place for the in situ-synthesized ternary systems. The effect of thermal annealing is most prevalent for all samples, which, for the highest annealing temperature above the melting point of PNDIT2 (310 °C), ultimately leads to a change from the face-on to edge-on orientation of PNDIT2, as seen in GIWAXS. This effect dominates and decreases all photovoltaic parameters, irrespective of whether a pristine or compatibilized blend is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Nübling
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Dan Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron , CNRS-Univeristé de Strasbourg , 23 rue de Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62 , 09111 Chemnitz , Germany
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Aoki H, Saito H, Shimoyama Y, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Octafluorobiphenylene Unit via Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:90-94. [PMID: 35610923 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycondensation via Pd-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction of 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octafluorobiphenyl with thiophene analogues was studied. The synthetic protocol, in which employment of prefunctionalized starting monomers was fully avoided, allowed straightforward access to an alternating π-conjugated polymer. The addition of K2CO3 to the catalytic system promotes the cross-coupling reaction and suppresses the undesired homocoupling reaction, producing the corresponding donor-acceptor type π-conjugated polymers with minor homocoupling defects. The reaction also proceeded using O2 as the terminal oxidant, resulting in lower loading of the Ag oxidant. The obtained polymer was evaluated as an emitting material for an organic light-emitting diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Aoki
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Saito
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimoyama
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba
Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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14
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Deshmukh KD, Matsidik R, Prasad SKK, Chandrasekaran N, Welford A, Connal LA, Liu ACY, Gann E, Thomsen L, Kabra D, Hodgkiss JM, Sommer M, McNeill CR. Impact of Acceptor Fluorination on the Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:955-969. [PMID: 29206027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we systematically study the effect of fluorination on the performance of all-polymer solar cells by employing a naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based polymer acceptor with thiophene-flanked phenyl co-monomer. Fluorination of the phenyl co-monomer with either two or four fluorine units is used to create a series of acceptor polymers with either no fluorination (PNDITPhT), bifluorination (PNDITF2T), or tetrafluorination (PNDITF4T). In blends with the donor polymer PTB7-Th, fluorination results in an increase in power conversion efficiency from 3.1 to 4.6% despite a decrease in open-circuit voltage from 0.86 V (unfluorinated) to 0.78 V (tetrafluorinated). Countering this decrease in open-circuit voltage is an increase in short-circuit current from 7.7 to 11.7 mA/cm2 as well as an increase in fill factor from 0.45 to 0.53. The origin of the improvement in performance with fluorination is explored using a combination of morphological, photophysical, and charge-transport studies. Interestingly, fluorination is found not to affect the ultrafast charge-generation kinetics, but instead is found to improve charge-collection yield subsequent to charge generation, linked to improved electron mobility and improved phase separation. Fluorination also leads to improved light absorption, with the blue-shifted absorption profile of the fluorinated polymers complementing the absorption profile of the low-band gap PTB7-Th.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shyamal K K Prasad
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Luke A Connal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Eliot Gann
- Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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15
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Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Advances toward the effective use of block copolymers as organic photovoltaic active layers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Donor/acceptor block copolymers for organic photovoltaic active layers are discussed from first principles through the modern state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - D. J. Jones
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
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16
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Feng G, Li J, Colberts FJM, Li M, Zhang J, Yang F, Jin Y, Zhang F, Janssen RAJ, Li C, Li W. “Double-Cable” Conjugated Polymers with Linear Backbone toward High Quantum Efficiencies in Single-Component Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18647-18656. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Feng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Fallon J. M. Colberts
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Jin
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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17
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Yao CF, Wang KL, Huang HK, Lin YJ, Lee YY, Yu CW, Tsai CJ, Horie M. Cyclopentadithiophene–Terephthalic Acid Copolymers: Synthesis via Direct Arylation and Saponification and Applications in Si-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Yao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kai Huang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yang Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Yu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Jen Tsai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Material Science
and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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