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Lee SW, Shin HJ, Park B, Shome S, Whang DR, Bae H, Chung S, Cho K, Ko SJ, Choi H, Chang DW. Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Chlorine Substituent on Morphological and Photovoltaic Properties of All Chlorinated D-A-Type Quinoxaline-Based Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19785-19794. [PMID: 35420778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the chlorine (Cl) atom as an electron-withdrawing substituent in conjugated polymers leads to a higher potential in the commercialization of polymer solar cells than its fluorine counterpart because of the versatility and cost-effectiveness of the chlorination process. In addition, the population and location of Cl substituents can significantly influence the photovoltaic characteristics of polymers. In this study, three chlorinated quinoxaline-based polymers were invented to examine the numerical and positioning effects of the Cl atom on their photovoltaic characteristics. The number of Cl substituents in the reference polymer, PBCl-Qx, was adjusted to three: two Cl atoms in the benzodithiophene-type D unit and one Cl atom in the quinoxaline-type A unit. Subsequently, two more Cl atoms were selectively introduced at the 4- and 5-positions of the alkylated thiophene moieties at the 2,3-positions of the quinoxaline moiety in PBCl-Qx to obtain the additional polymers PBCl-Qx4Cl and PBCl-Qx5Cl, respectively. The conventional PBCl-Qx4Cl device exhibited a better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.95% as compared to those of PBCl-Qx (12.44%) and PBCl-Qx5Cl (11.82%) devices. The highest PCE of the device with PBCl-Qx4Cl was ascribed to an enhancement in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor induced by the deeper energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the favorable morphological features in its blended film with Y6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungwook Park
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanchari Shome
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryeol Whang
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Bae
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673 Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673 Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Chang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea
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Zhang T, An C, Cui Y, Zhang J, Bi P, Yang C, Zhang S, Hou J. A Universal Nonhalogenated Polymer Donor for High-Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105803. [PMID: 34647376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonhalogenated polymers have great potential in the commercialization of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells due to their advantage in low-cost preparation. However, non-halogenated polymers usually have high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and inferior self-aggregation properties in solution, thus resulting in low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, two nonhalogenated polymers, PB1 and PB2, are prepared. When the polymers are used to fabricate OPV cells with BTP-eC9, the PB1-based device only gives a PCE of 5.3%, while the PB2-based device shows an outstanding PCE of 17.7%. After the introduction of PBDB-TF as the third component, the PB2:PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9-based device with an optimal weight ratio of 0.5:0.5:1 achieves a PCE up to 18.4%. More importantly, PB2 exhibits good compatibility with various nonfullerene acceptors to achieve better PCEs than those of classical polymer (PBDB-T and PBDB-TF)-based devices. When PB2 is combined with a wide-bandgap electron acceptor (F-BTA3), this device shows excellent PCE of 27.1% and 24.6% for 1 and 10 cm2 devices, respectively, under light intensity of 1000 lux light-emitting diode illumination. These results provide new insight in the rational design of novel nonhalogenated polymer donors for further development of low-cost materials and broadening the application of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinses Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Lv Q, An C, Zhang T, Zhou P, Hou J. Effect of alkyl side chains of twisted conjugated polymer donors on photovoltaic performance. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang X, Li X, Liu H, Liang Z, Chen W, Zheng N, Qiao S, Yang R. Aggregation Tuning with Heavily Fluorinated Donor Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49849-49856. [PMID: 33103902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fluorination/sulfofication-induced effect in the photovoltaic polymer solar cells (PSCs) needs to be paid much attention. In this work, a new donor polymer PBDB-PS2F was synthesized by heavily fluorinated and decorated S atom on the side chain of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) unit to explore the internal combined effect of F&S on the photoelectric performance. It was found that the heavy fluorination on the side chain could make PBDB-PS2F achieve a low highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO) energy level of -5.72 eV and weaken the torsion of the main chain and effectively increase the intermolecular π-π* transition. Encouragingly, compared with the counterpart polymer PBDB-PS without the fluorination, PBDB-PS2F exhibited a much intense aggregation at room temperature but showed a tendency of reduced aggregation at high temperatures. This feature gives excellent solution processability and uniform morphology in the active layer of a PBDB-PS2F-based device, enabling an outstanding photovoltaic performance with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.56% (VOC = 0.90 V, JSC = 21.53 mA/cm2, FF = 69.68%). Compared with that of the counterpart polymer PBDB-PS with no heavy fluorination, the VOC of PBDB-PS2F increased by 15.4% and the PCE increased by 30.9%. Thus, the heavy-fluorination-induced effect to construct photovoltaic polymers could be used to improve the performance of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haining Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Liao Z, Yang K, Hou L, Li J, Lv J, Singh R, Kumar M, Chen Q, Dong X, Xu T, Hu C, Duan T, Kan Z, Lu S, Xiao Z. Thiazole-Functionalized Terpolymer Donors Obtained via Random Ternary Copolymerization for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Licheng Hou
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Library & Information Center, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
| | - Xiyue Dong
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tongle Xu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chao Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
| | - Tainan Duan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P.R. China
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6
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Jiang H, Cao Y, Yang Q, Xian L, Tao Y, Chen R, Huang W. Organic Resonance Materials: Molecular Design, Photophysical Properties, and Optoelectronic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7739-7754. [PMID: 32804505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic optoelectronic molecules with resonance effects are a striking class of functional materials that have witnessed booming progress in recent years. Various resonances induced by particularly constructed molecular structures can effectively influence key photophysical processes to afford particular optoelectronic properties of the organic resonance materials. The charge transport behaviors were tuned to be dynamic and self-adaptive; emission spectra were made to be very narrow with high color purity; optical bandgaps were significantly reduced, and intersystem crossing was greatly promoted. Therefore, great success has been achieved in various optoelectronic devices by using organic resonance materials to function as smart host materials with high triplet energies, highly luminescent emitters with high quantum yields and narrow emission bands, efficient organic afterglow molecules, and sensitive fluorescent probes. In this Perspective, material design principles, molecular structures and properties, and device performance of organic resonance materials are highlighted and future directions and challenges for this series of amazing materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijie Xian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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Zhao Q, Qu J, He F. Chlorination: An Effective Strategy for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000509. [PMID: 32714759 PMCID: PMC7375252 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work summarizes recent developments in polymer solar cells (PSCs) prepared by a chlorination strategy. The intrinsic property of chlorine atoms, the progress of chlorinated polymers and small molecules, and the synergistic effect of chlorination with other methods to elevate solar conversions are discussed. Halogenation of donor-acceptor (D-A) materials is an effective method to improve the performance of PSCs, which mainly affects the push-pull of electrons between donor and acceptor units due to their strong electron-withdrawing capabilities. Although chlorine is less electronegative than fluorine, it can form very strong noncovalent interactions, such as Cl···S and Cl···π interactions, because its empty 3d orbits can help to accept the electron pairs or π electrons. This synergistic effect of electronegativity together with the empty 3d orbits of chlorine atoms leads to increased intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and a much stronger capability to down-shift the molecular energy levels. This work is intended to support a better understanding of the chlorination strategy to modify the material properties, and thus improve the performance of solar devices. Eventually, it will provide the research community with a clearer pathway to choose proper substitution methods according to different situations for high and stable solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Jianfei Qu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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Yao H, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang S, Hou J. Recent Progress in Chlorinated Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:822-832. [PMID: 32216329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOver the past few years, the development of new materials has contributed to rapid increases in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells to over 17%, showing great potential for the commercialization of this technology in the near future. At this stage, designing new materials with superior performance and low cost simultaneously is of crucial importance. Chlorinated materials are emerging as new stars with very high PCEs, creating a molecular design trend to replace the most popular fluorinated materials. For example, by using chlorinated non-fullerene acceptors, we recently got a record PCE of 17% for single-junction OPV cells. Firmly based on recent advances, herein we focus on the topic of chlorinated OPV materials, aiming to provide a guideline for further molecular design.In this Account, first, on the basis of most fundamental features of the Cl atom, we highlight the features of chlorinated materials compared with their fluorinated counterparts: (1) Chlorination is more efficient than fluorination in modulating the optical and electrical properties of OPV materials. In many cases, chlorinated materials show lower energy levels and broader absorption spectra than their fluorinated counterparts, which contribute higher output voltages and current densities in the resulting photovoltaic devices. (2) Cl has a large atomic size than F. On one hand, enhanced overlap of π electrons is beneficial for enhancing the intermolecular packing and crystalline property and thus improving the charge transport. On the other hand, if Cl is introduced inappropriately in the backbone or side chain, this feature will cause a more twisted π plane and larger steric hindrance, having negative impacts on the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding materials. (3) Importantly, chlorination is usually chemically cheaper in synthesis, which has the potential to decrease the material cost of OPV cells. Then, we provide a concise review of chlorinated OPV materials, including polymeric and small-molecule donors and non-fullerene acceptors. The photovoltaic performance in various types of OPV cells using chlorinated materials, such as single-junction, tandem, semitransparent, and indoor-light photovoltaic cells is also discussed. For instance, ultranarrow-band-gap chlorinated acceptors can be used to construct highly efficient color-semitransparent OPV cells, and the wide-band-gap chlorinated materials show great potential for fabricating indoor-light photovoltaic devices. Finally, we briefly discuss current questions related to chlorinated OPV materials and highlight the significance of chlorination in future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Gao X, Wu Y, Tao Y, Huang W. Conjugated Random Terpolymer Donors towardsHigh‐EfficiencyPolymer Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210046 China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
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Kini GP, Jeon SJ, Moon DK. Design Principles and Synergistic Effects of Chlorination on a Conjugated Backbone for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A Critical Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906175. [PMID: 32020712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of low-cost, flexible, and lightweight renewable power resources has led to outstanding advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the successful design principles developed for synthesizing efficient conjugated electron donor (ED) or acceptor (EA) units for OSCs, chlorination has recently emerged as a reliable approach, despite being neglected over the years. In fact, several recent studies have indicated that chlorination is more potent for large-scale production than the highly studied fluorination in several aspects, such as easy and low-cost synthesis of materials, lowering energy levels, easy tuning of molecular orientation, and morphology, thus realizing impressive power conversion efficiencies in OSCs up to 17%. Herein, an up-to-date summary of the current progress in photovoltaic results realized by incorporating a chlorinated ED or EA into OSCs is presented to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of this interesting substituent in photoactive materials. Furthermore, other aspects of chlorinated materials for application in all-small-molecule, semitransparent, tandem, ternary, single-component, and indoor OSCs are also presented. Consequently, a concise outlook is provided for future design and development of chlorinated ED or EA units, which will facilitate utilization of this approach to achieve the goal of low-cost and large-area OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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Kang X, Zhou D, Wang Q, Zhu D, Bao X, Yuan X, Liu F, Li Y, Qiao S, Yang R. Rational Design of Low Band Gap Polymers for Efficient Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage: The Profound Effect of Me and Cl Substituents with a Similar van Der Waals Radius. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48155-48161. [PMID: 31777242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Generally, low band gap material-based photovoltaic devices have reduced open circuit voltage (VOC), and realizing the trade-off between the low band gap (Eg < 1.6 eV) and high VOC (>0.9 V) could be critical to give efficient polymer solar cells, especially for high-performance semitransparent PSCs and tandem solar cells. Although lots of efforts have been made to address the issue, most results have not been gratifying. In this work, the polymer PTBTz-Cl based on the chlorination method and efficient thiazole-induced strategy was designed and synthesized, aiming at the deep HOMO energy level, and the enhanced backbone planarity caused by the weak noncovalent Cl···S interaction. In addition, the methyl-substituted polymer PTBTz-Me was constructed as the reference due to the similar van der Waals radius of the side chain (CH3: 0.20 nm vs Cl: 0.18 nm). Encouragingly, in comparison with that of PTBTz-2, the newly synthesized polymers exhibit the red-shifted absorption spectra ranging from 300 to 770 nm, with an obviously reduced Eg of ∼1.6 eV. However, the function of Cl and Me substituents is different. Compared to the polymer PTBTz-Me, PTBTz-Cl exhibits a lower HOMO value, stronger crystallinity, and more compact intramolecular interactions. Consequently, the polymer PTBTz-Cl exhibits excellent photovoltaic performance with a notable VOC of 0.94 V and a power conversion efficiency of 10.35%, which is ∼11% higher than the 9.12% efficiency based on PTBTz-Me, and is also one of the highest values among polymer/fullerene solar cells. Moreover, a smaller photo energy loss (Eloss) of 0.64 eV is achieved, which is rare among the current high-performance polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018 , China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Di Zhou
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qian Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Xiyue Yuan
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Fushuai Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Yonghai Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Hebei University of Science and Technology , Shijiazhuang 050018 , China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
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12
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Feng W, Lin Z, Lin C, Wang W, Ling Q. Bicomponent Random Approach for the Synthesis of Donor Polymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells Processed from A Green Solvent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43441-43451. [PMID: 31668060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) can offer unique merits of high morphological stability to thermal and mechanical stress. To realize their full potential as flexible or wearable devices, it is highly desirable that the all-PSCs can be fabricated from a green solvent with simple post-treatment to avoid thermal annealing on the flexible substrate. This posed a severe challenge on material design to tune their properties with suitable solubility, aggregation, and morphology. To address this challenge, here, a simple bicomponent random approach on a D-A-type polymer donor was developed by just varying the D-A molar ratio. Under this approach, a series of new random polymers PBDTa-TPDb with different molar ratios of the D component of 2D-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) and A component of thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) were designed and synthesized. The energy levels, light absorption, solubility, and packing structure of random donors PBDTa-TPDb were found to vary substantially with the various D-A molar ratios. The devices based on PBDTa-TPDb/P(NDI2HD-T) were fabricated to explore the synergistic effects of the processing solvent and composition of D-A-type random polymers. The results show that nanoscale morphology, balanced miscibility/crystallinity of blend, and photovoltaic properties could be rationally optimized by tuning the composition of random donors. As a result, as-cast all-PSC-based optimal donor PBDT5-TPD4 achieves the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.20% processed from a green solvent, which performs better than that the reference polymer (PCE: 6.41%). This efficiency is the highest value for all-PSCs from BDT-TPD-based donors. Moreover, the optimized devices were relatively insensitive to the thickness of the active layer and exhibited good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuai Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Cuiying Lin
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , Fujian , P. R. China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350007 , Fujian , P. R. China
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14
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Olla T, Ibraikulov OA, Ferry S, Boyron O, Méry S, Heinrich B, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Leclerc N. Benzothiadiazole Halogenation Impact in Conjugated Polymers, a Comprehensive Study. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Théodore Olla
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
| | - Stéphanie Ferry
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Bat 308F, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Benoı̂t Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
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15
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Shavez M, Goswami J, Panda AN. Effect of fluorination of the donor unit on the properties of benzodithiophene-triazole based donor-acceptor systems for polymer solar cells: A computational investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Tang A, Zhang Q, Du M, Li G, Geng Y, Zhang J, Wei Z, Sun X, Zhou E. Molecular Engineering of D−π–A Copolymers Based on 4,8-Bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT-T-Cl) for High-Performance Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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17
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Wang Q, Li M, Zhang X, Qin Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Hou J, Janssen RAJ, Geng Y. Carboxylate-Substituted Polythiophenes for Efficient Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells: The Effect of Chlorination on Their Properties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junke Wang
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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18
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Dey S. Recent Progress in Molecular Design of Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900134. [PMID: 30989808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The quest for sustainable energy sources has led to accelerated growth in research of organic solar cells (OSCs). A solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSC generally contains a donor and expensive fullerene acceptors (FAs). The last 20 years have been devoted by the OSC community to developing donor materials, specifically low bandgap polymers, to complement FAs in BHJs. The current improvement from ≈2.5% in 2013 to 17.3% in 2018 in OSC performance is primarily credited to novel nonfullerene acceptors (NFA), especially fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs). FREAs offer unique advantages over FAs, like broad absorption of solar radiation, and they can be extensively chemically manipulated to tune optoelectronic and morphological properties. Herein, the current status in FREA-based OSCs is summarized, such as design strategies for both wide and narrow bandgap FREAs for BHJ, all-small-molecule OSCs, semi-transparent OSC, ternary, and tandem solar cells. The photovoltaics parameters for FREAs are summarized and discussed. The focus is on the various FREA structures and their role in optical and morphological tuning. Besides, the advantages and drawbacks of both FAs and NFAs are discussed. Finally, an outlook in the field of FREA-OSCs for future material design and challenges ahead is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Lee J, Lee SM, Chen S, Kumari T, Kang SH, Cho Y, Yang C. Organic Photovoltaics with Multiple Donor-Acceptor Pairs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804762. [PMID: 30444544 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional organic solar cells (OSCs) based on single donor-acceptor pairs, terpolymer- and ternary-based OSCs featuring multiple donor-acceptor pairs are promising strategies for enhancing the performance while maintaining an easy and simple synthetic process. Using multiple donor-acceptor pairs in the active layer, the key photovoltaic parameters (i.e., short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor) governing the OSC characteristics can be simultaneously or individually improved by positive changes in light-harvesting ability, molecular energy levels, and blend morphology. Here, these three major contributions are discussed with the aim of offering in-depth insights in combined terpolymers and ternary systems. Recent exemplary cases of OSCs with multiple donor-acceptor pairs are summarized and more advanced research and perspectives for further developments in this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sang Myeon Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tanya Kumari
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - So-Huei Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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20
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Dang D, Yu D, Wang E. Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807019. [PMID: 30701605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers with various electron-rich and electron-deficient units in polymer backbones has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 17% for polymer solar cells (PSCs) over the past two decades. However, further enhancements in PCEs for PSCs are still imperative to compensate their imperfect stability for fulfilling practical applications. Meanwhile development of these alternating D-A copolymers is highly demanding in creative design and syntheses of novel D and/or A monomers. In this regard, when being possible to adopt an existing monomer unit as a third component from its libraries, either a D' unit or an A' moiety, to the parent D-A type polymer backbones to afford conjugated D-A terpolymers, it will give a facile and cost-effective method to improve their light absorption and tune energy levels and also interchain packing synergistically. Moreover, the rationally controlled stoichiometry for these components in such terpolymers also provides access for further fine-tuning these factors, thus resulting in high-performance PSCs. Herein, based on their unique features, the recent progress of conjugated D-A terpolymers for efficient PSCs is reviewed and it is discussed how these factors influence their photovoltaic performance, for providing useful guidelines to design new terpolymers toward high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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21
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Yuan X, Wang Q, Zhu D, Shahid B, Yang R. Chlorinated Polymers for Efficient Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage: The Influence of Different Thiazole Numbers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900035. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Dangqiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Bilal Shahid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China
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22
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Zhong X, Chen H, Wang M, Gan S, He Q, Chen W, He F. Synergistic Effect of Chlorination and Selenophene: Achieving Elevated Solar Conversion in Highly Aggregated Systems. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Meijing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Gan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Qiming He
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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23
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Xue N, Wei Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhang L. Influence of Backbone Chlorination on the Electronic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Dimers. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1050-1058. [PMID: 30802356 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination of π-conjugated backbones is garnering great interest because of fine-tuning electronic properties of conjugated materials for organic devices. Herein we report a synthesis of thiophene-based diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dimers and their chlorinated counterparts by introducing a chlorine atom in the outer thiophene ring to investigate the influence of the chlorination on charge transport. The backbone chlorination lowers both the HOMO and the LUMO of the dimers and leads to a blue-shift of maximum absorption in compared to unsubstituted counterparts. X-ray analysis reveals that the chlorine atom prompts the outer thiophene ring out of the planarity of the backbone with a relatively large torsional angle. The chlorinated dimers exhibit slipped one-dimensional packing decorated with multiple intermolecular interactions, because of a combination of a negative inductive effect and a positive mesomeric effect of the halogen atom, which might facilitate charge transport within the oligomeric backbones. The mobility in the single-crystal OFET devices of the chlorinated dimers is up to 1.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is two times higher than that of the non-chlorinated DPP dimers. Our results indicate that the chlorine atom plays a key role in directing non-covalent interactions to lock the slipped stacks, enabling electronic coupling between adjacent molecules for efficient charge transport. In addition, our results also demonstrate that these DPP dimers with straight n-octyl chains exhibit higher mobilities than the dimers with branched 2-ethylhexyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xue
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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24
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Wu Y, An C, Shi L, Yang L, Qin Y, Liang N, He C, Wang Z, Hou J. The Crucial Role of Chlorinated Thiophene Orientation in Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Ningning Liang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chang He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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25
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Wu Y, An C, Shi L, Yang L, Qin Y, Liang N, He C, Wang Z, Hou J. The Crucial Role of Chlorinated Thiophene Orientation in Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12911-12915. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Ningning Liang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chang He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science; CAS Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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26
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Luo M, Zhang Z, Feng L, Peng H, Jiang L, Xu S, Li H, Cai F, Li Y, Zou Y. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a non-fullerene acceptor with F-phenylalkoxy as a side chain. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) non-fullerene acceptor (ITIC-FOR) was synthesized and applied in non-fullerene solar cells with a PCE of up to 7.33%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Liuliu Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Lihui Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Hang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
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27
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Chao P, Wang H, Qu S, Mo D, Meng H, Chen W, He F. From Semi- to Full-Two-Dimensional Conjugated Side-Chain Design: A Way toward Comprehensive Solar Energy Absorption. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Chao
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School
of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Qu
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Daize Mo
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- School
of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 South
Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Feng He
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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28
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Li Y, Lin JD, Che X, Qu Y, Liu F, Liao LS, Forrest SR. High Efficiency Near-Infrared and Semitransparent Non-Fullerene Acceptor Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17114-17119. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Li
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jiu-Dong Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Che
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yue Qu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA
(CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephen R. Forrest
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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29
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Abstract
Thiophene-based π-conjugated organic small molecules and polymers are the research subject of significant current interest owing to their potential use as organic semiconductors in material chemistry. Despite simple and similar molecular structures, the hitherto reported properties of thiophene-based organic semiconductors are rather diverse. Design of high performance organic semiconducting materials requires a thorough understanding of inter- and intra-molecular interactions, solid-state packing, and the influence of both factors on the charge carrier transport. In this chapter, thiophene-based organic semiconductors, which are classified in terms of their chemical structures and their structure-property relationships, are addressed for the potential applications as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
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