1
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Thorley KJ, Nielsen CB. Conformational Analysis of Conjugated Organic Materials: What Are My Heteroatoms Really Doing? Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300773. [PMID: 38598306 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor small molecules and polymers often incorporate heteroatoms into their chemical structures to affect the electronic properties of the material. A particular design philosophy has been to use these heteroatoms to influence torsional potentials, since the overlap of adjacent π-orbitals is most efficient in planar systems and is critical for charge delocalization in these systems. Since these design rules became popular, the messages from the earlier works have become lost in a sea of reports of "conformational locks", where the non-covalent interactions have relatively small contributions to planarizing torsional potentials. Greater influences can be found in the stabilization by extended conjugation, consideration of steric repulsion, and the interactions involving solubilizing chains and neighboring molecules or polymer chains in condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Thorley
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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2
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Li D, Wang H, Chen J, Wu Q. Fluorinated Polymer Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303155. [PMID: 38018363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has boosted the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) over 19 %. The new features of high-performance NFAs, such as visible-NIR light absorption, moderate the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), and high crystallinity, require polymer donors with matching physical properties. This emphasizes the importance of methods that can effectively tune the physical properties of polymers. Owning to very small atom size and strongest electronegativity, the fluorination has been proved the most efficient strategy to regulate the physical properties of polymer donors, including frontier energy level, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, crystallinity and charge transport. Owing to the success of fluorination strategy, the vast majority of high-performance polymer donors possess one or more fluorine atoms. In this review, the fluorination synthetic methods, the synthetic route of well-known fluorinated building blocks, the fluorinated polymers which are categorized by the type of donor or acceptor units, and the relationships between the polymer structures, properties, and photovoltaic performances are comprehensively surveyed. We hope this review could provide the readers a deeper insight into fluorination strategy and lay a strong foundation for future innovation of fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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3
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Mlostoń G, Shermolovich Y, Heimgartner H. Synthesis of Fluorinated and Fluoroalkylated Heterocycles Containing at Least One Sulfur Atom via Cycloaddition Reactions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7244. [PMID: 36295309 PMCID: PMC9611611 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated heterocycles constitute an important group of organic compounds with a rapidly growing number of applications in such areas as medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals production, polymer chemistry, as well as chemistry of advanced materials. In the latter case, fluorinated thiophenes are considered as a lead class of compounds with numerous spectacular applications. On the other hand, cycloaddition reactions offer a superior methodology for stereo-chemically controlled synthesis of heterocycles with a diverse ring size and a variable number of heteroatoms. A comprehensive review of methods based on cycloaddition reactions and applied for construction of fluorinated and/or fluoroalkylated S-heterocycles has not yet been published. For this reason, the main goal of the presented review was to fill the existing gap and to summarize the results published over last six decades. In this context, the [3+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadditions (Huisgen reactions, and Diels-Alder reactions, respectively) are of special importance. Some questions related to the discussed mechanisms of cycloaddition processes observed in reactions with electron deficient, fluorinated substrates (dipolarophiles and dienophiles), and electron-rich sulfur containing counter partners, are of fundamental importance for the development of interpretations of organic reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 12 Tamka Street, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yuriy Shermolovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Zhang Y, Song J, Qu J, Qian PC, Wong WY. Recent progress of electronic materials based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and its derivatives: synthesis and their application in organic light-emitting diodes. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Sui Y, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li R, Bai J, Wang Z, Dang Y, Han Y, Kirby N, Ye L, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Chlorinated Thiophene Derivatives to High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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6
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Jessop IA, Chong A, Graffo L, Camarada MB, Espinoza C, Angel FA, Saldías C, Tundidor-Camba A, Terraza CA. Synthesis and Characterization of a 2,3-Dialkoxynaphthalene-Based Conjugated Copolymer via Direct Arylation Polymerization (DAP) for Organic Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1377. [PMID: 32575423 PMCID: PMC7362231 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly[(5,5'-(2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)naphthalene-1,4-diyl)bis(thiophene-2,2'-diyl))-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)] (PEHONDTBT) was synthesized for the first time and through direct arylation polymerization (DAP) for use as p-donor material in organic solar cells. Optimized reaction protocol leads to a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer in good yield, with less structural defects than its analog obtained from Suzuki polycondensation, and with similar or even higher molecular weight than other previously reported polymers based on the 2,3-dialkoxynaphthalene monomer. The batch-to-batch repeatability of the optimized DAP conditions for the synthesis of PEHONDTBT was proved, showing the robustness of the synthetic strategy. The structure of PEHONDTBT was corroborated by NMR, exhibiting good solubility in common organic solvents, good film-forming ability, and thermal stability. PEHONDTBT film presented an absorption band centered at 498 nm, a band gap of 2.15 eV, and HOMO and LUMO energy levels of -5.31 eV and -3.17 eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations were performed to understand the regioselectivity in the synthesis of PEHONDTBT and to rationalize its optoelectronic properties. Bilayer heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices with PEHONDTBT as the donor layer were fabricated to test their photovoltaic performance, affording low power-conversion efficiency in the preliminary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A. Jessop
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Aylin Chong
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Linda Graffo
- Organic and Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, P.O. Box 7-D, Arica 1000007, Chile; (A.C.); (L.G.)
| | - María B. Camarada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Catalina Espinoza
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.E.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Felipe A. Angel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.E.); (F.A.A.)
- Centro de Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Cesar Saldías
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.T.-C.); (C.A.T.)
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Terraza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.T.-C.); (C.A.T.)
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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7
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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8
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Zhang F, Yuan B, Xu J, Huang H, Li L. The structural properties of silicon-doped DBrTBT/ZnSe solar cell materials: a theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new molecular design for solar cell materials is reported for the silicon-doped 4,7-di(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole adsorbed on ZnSe(100) and ZnSe(111) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Fuling 408100
- China
| | - Binfang Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Fuling 408100
- China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Fuling 408100
- China
| | - Huisheng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Fuling 408100
- China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science
- Sichuan Normal University
- Chengdu 610066
- China
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9
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Rech JJ, Yan L, Peng Z, Dai S, Zhan X, Ade H, You W. Utilizing Difluorinated Thiophene Units To Improve the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeromy J. Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shuixing Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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10
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11
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Yu JE, Jeon SJ, Choi JY, Han YW, Ko EJ, Moon DK. A 3-Fluoro-4-hexylthiophene-Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymer for 10.9% Efficiency Eco-Friendly Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805321. [PMID: 30698922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) are attracting increasing academic and industrial interest due to their potential uses for flexible and lightweight products using low-cost roll-to-roll technology. In this work, two wide bandgap (WBG) polymers, namely P(fTh-BDT)-C6 and P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6, are designed and synthesized using benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives. Good oxidation stability and high solubility are achieved by simultaneously introducing fluorine and alkyl chains to a single thiophene (Th) unit. Solid P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6 films present WBG optical absorption, suitable frontier orbital levels, and strong π-π stacking effects. In addition, P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6 exhibits good solubility in both halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, suggesting its suitability as donor polymer for NFOSCs. The P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6:3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(5-hexylthienyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC-Th) based device processed using chlorobenzene/1,8-diiodooctane (CB/DIO) exhibits a remarkably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.1%. Moreover, P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6:ITIC-Th reaches a high PCE of 10.9% when processed using eco-friendly solvents, such as o-xylene/diphenyl ether (DPE). The cell processed using CB/DIO maintains 100% efficiency after 1272 h, while that processed using o-xylene/DPE presents a 101% increase in efficiency after 768 h and excellent long-term stability. The results of this study demonstrate that simultaneous fluorination and alkylation are effective methods for designing donor polymers appropriate for high-performance NFOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Yu
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Ko
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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12
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Barłóg M, Kulai I, Ji X, Bhuvanesh N, Dey S, Sliwinski EP, Bazzi HS, Fang L, Al-Hashimi M. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of novel fluorinated di(thiazolyl)benzene derivatives. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 novel fluorinated and non-fluorinated di(thiazolyl)benzenes have been synthesized via microwave assisted Stille coupling and characterized using X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Barłóg
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Ihor Kulai
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | | | - Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | | | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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13
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Kang LJ, Xing L, Luscombe CK. Exploration and development of gold- and silver-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling toward donor–acceptor π-conjugated polymer synthesis. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers using Au- and Ag-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling was achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Liwen Xing
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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14
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Ostovan A, Mahdavifar Z, Bamdad M. Length–dependence of conductance in benzothiadiazole molecular wires between graphene nanoribbon electrodes: Effect of conformational changes. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Bura T, Beaupré S, Légaré MA, Ibraikulov OA, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. Theoretical Calculations for Highly Selective Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization: New Nitrile-Substituted Dithienyl-Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092324. [PMID: 30213056 PMCID: PMC6225168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct Heteroarylation Polymerization (DHAP) is becoming a valuable alternative to classical polymerization methods being used to synthesize π-conjugated polymers for organic electronics applications. In previous work, we showed that theoretical calculations on activation energy (Ea) of the C–H bonds were helpful to rationalize and predict the selectivity of the DHAP. For readers’ convenience, we have gathered in this work all our previous theoretical calculations on Ea and performed new ones. Those theoretical calculations cover now most of the widely utilized electron-rich and electron-poor moieties studied in organic electronics like dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DT-DPP) derivatives. Theoretical calculations reported herein show strong modulation of the Ea of C–H bond on DT-DPP when a bromine atom or strong electron withdrawing groups (such as fluorine or nitrile) are added to the thienyl moiety. Based on those theoretical calculations, new cyanated dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole (CNDT-DPP) monomers and copolymers were prepared by DHAP and their electro-optical properties were compared with their non-fluorinated and fluorinated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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16
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17
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Bura T, Beaupré S, Ibraikulov OA, Légaré MA, Quinn J, Lévêque P, Heiser T, Li Y, Leclerc N, Leclerc M. New Fluorinated Dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole Monomers and Polymers for Organic Electronics. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Marc-André Légaré
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jesse Quinn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire
ICube, DESSP, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France
| | - Yuning Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut
de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie,
l’Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg 67087, France
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Canada
Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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