1
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Lee SY, Kang DR, Oh JG, Chae IS, Kim JH. Dumbbell-Shaped, Block-Graft Copolymer with Aligned Domains for High-Performance Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406796. [PMID: 38730495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Given the environmental concerns surrounding fluoromaterials, the use of high-cost perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in fuel cells and water electrolysis contradicts the pursuit of clean energy systems. Herein, we present a fluorine-free dumbbell-shaped block-graft copolymer, derived from the cost-effective triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS), for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). This unique polymer shape led to the alignment of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic domains along a preferred orientation, resulting in the construction of interconnected proton channels across the membrane. A bicontinuous network allowed efficient proton transport with reduced tortuosity, leading to an exceptional ionic conductivity (249 mS cm-1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity (RH)), despite a low ion exchange capacity (IEC; 1.41). Furthermore, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with our membrane exhibited stable performance over a period of 150 h at 80 °C and 30 % RH. This study demonstrates a novel polymer structure design and highlights a promising outlook for hydrocarbon PEMs as alternatives to PFSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Ru Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Oh
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seok Chae
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pelras T, Eisenga A, Érsek G, Altomare A, Portale G, Kamperman M, Loos K. One-Pot Synthesis of Strong Anionic/Charge-Neutral Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1071-1078. [PMID: 37462370 PMCID: PMC10433517 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ever more versatile polymerization techniques that are becoming available, the synthesis of macromolecules with tailored functionalities can remain a lengthy endeavor. This becomes more conspicuous when the implementation of incompatible chemistries (i.e., strong polyelectrolytes) within sequence-controlled polymers is desired, often requiring (i) polymerization, (ii) chain extension, and (iii) postpolymerization modification. Herein, we explore the production of strong anionic/charge-neutral block copolymers (BCPs) in a one-pot fashion. This straightforward three-step process includes the synthesis of a macroinitiator and chain extension via rapid and efficient photomediated atom transfer radical polymerization, followed by in situ deprotection to expose the polyanionic domains. The resulting BCPs, which are strong amphiphiles by nature, are capable of self-assembly in aqueous media, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, ζ-potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. We further demonstrate the versatility of our methodology by producing several BCPs through sampling of a single reaction mixture, enabling the straightforward production of strong polymer amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - András Eisenga
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gábor Érsek
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymeric and Nanostructured Materials, Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Altomare
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymeric and Nanostructured Materials, Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer
Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Xu F, Chen Y, Li J, Han Y, Lin B, Ding J. Robust poly(alkyl–fluorene isatin) proton exchange membranes grafted with pendant sulfonate groups for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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4
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Choi J, Kim D, Chae JE, Lee S, Kim SM, Yoo SJ, Kim HJ, Choi M, Jang S. Oxygen Plasma-Mediated Microstructured Hydrocarbon Membrane for Improving Interface Adhesion and Mass Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50956-50965. [PMID: 36327306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing a method for fabricating high-efficient and low-cost fuel cells is imperative for commercializing polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). This study introduces a mechanical and chemical modification technique using the oxygen plasma irradiation process for hydrocarbon-based (HC) PEM. The oxygen functional groups were introduced on the HC-PEM surface through the plasma process in the controlled area, and microsized structures were formed. The modified membrane was incorporated with plasma-treated electrodes, improving the adhesive force between the HC-PEM and the electrode. The decal transfer was enabled at low temperatures and pressures, and the interfacial resistance in the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was reduced. Furthermore, the micropillar structured electrode configuration significantly reduced the oxygen transport resistance in the MEA. Various diagnostic techniques were conducted to find out the effects of the membrane surface modification, interface adhesion, and mass transport, such as physical characterizations, mechanical stress tests, and diverse electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin National University, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Chae
- Department of Mobility Power Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34103, Korea
| | - Sanghyeok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin National University, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Segeun Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin National University, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang S, Zhu T, Shi B, Fan C, Liu Y, Yin Z, Gao Z, Zhang Z, Wu H, Jiang Z. Porous organic polymer with high-density phosphoric acid groups as filler for hybrid proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Pelras T, Hofman AH, Germain LMH, Maan AMC, Loos K, Kamperman M. Strong Anionic/Charge-Neutral Block Copolymers from Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022; 55:8795-8807. [PMID: 36245548 PMCID: PMC9558488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Despite recent developments in controlled polymerization
techniques,
the straightforward synthesis of block copolymers that feature both
strong anionic and charge-neutral segments remains a difficult endeavor.
In particular, solubility issues may arise during the direct synthesis
of strong amphiphiles and typical postpolymerization deprotection
often requires harsh conditions. To overcome these challenges, we
employed Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization
(Cu(0)-RDRP) on a hydrophobic isobutoxy-protected 3-sulfopropyl acrylate.
Cu(0)-RDRP enables the rapid synthesis of the polymer, reaching high
conversions and low dispersities while using a single solvent system
and low amounts of copper species. These macromolecules are straightforward
to characterize and can subsequently be deprotected in a mild yet
highly efficient fashion to expose their strongly charged nature.
Furthermore, a protected sulfonate segment could be grown from a variety
of charge-neutral macroinitiators to produce, after the use of the
same deprotection chemistry, a library of amphiphilic, double-hydrophilic
as well as thermoresponsive block copolymers (BCPs). The ability of
these various BCPs to self-assemble in aqueous media was further studied
by dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements as well
as atomic force and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Pelras
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H. Hofman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke M. H. Germain
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M. C. Maan
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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8
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Maji P, Naskar K. Styrenic block copolymer‐based thermoplastic elastomers in smart applications: Advances in synthesis, microstructure, and structure–property relationships—A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Purbasha Maji
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India
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9
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Sun R, Agrawal M, Neyerlin KC, Snyder JD, Elabd YA. Proton Conducting Sulfonated Poly(Ionic Liquid) Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mahesh Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kenneth C. Neyerlin
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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10
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Zelovich T, Tuckerman ME. Controlling Hydronium Diffusivity in Model Proton Exchange Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2245-2253. [PMID: 35238561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fuel-cell-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) show great potential as cost-effective and clean energy conversion devices. In our recent work, we found that for the low-hydrated model PEMs with a inhomogeneous water distribution and a sulfonate anionic functional end group (SO3-), the H3O+ reacts with SO3- according to SO3- + H3O+ ↔ SO3H + H2O, indicating that the anions in PEMs become active participants in the hydronium diffusion. In this work, we use fully atomistic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the optimal conditions that would promote the participation of SO3- in the hydronium diffusion mechanism by increasing the H3O+/SO3- reactivity, thus increasing the hydronium diffusivity along the cell. The results presented in this work allow us to suggest a set of design rules for creating novel, highly conductive PEMs operating at high temperatures under a nonuniform water distribution using a linker/anion with a relatively high pKa such as (CH2)2SO3. We expect that the discovery of these key design principles will play an important role in the synthesis of high-performing materials for emerging PEM-based fuel cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zelovich
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai 200062, China
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11
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Li A, Li D, Liu Q, Yang N, Li Y, Zhang Y, Guo J, Liu B. Syntheses and Photocatalytical Mechanism of Fourth Period Post Transition Metal Diphenylphosphinate. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhang S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhou S, Wang C, Wu K, Liu J, Mao Q, Jian X. Novel sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)s with pendant phenyl groups for proton exchange membrane performing enhanced oxidative stability and excellent fuel cell properties. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Derived from a Novel Sulfonated Diamine with Pendant Benzenesulfonic Acid for Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14196050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For improving the hydrolytic stability of sulfonated polyimides consisting of five membered anhydrides, novel sulfonated polyimides (NSPIs) were prepared via polymerization of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), with a novel diamine monomer with a pendant sulfonic acid group and 4,4-oxydianiline. Water uptake of this NSPI with an excellent film-forming ability was almost equal to that of Nafion® 117, while their ion exchange capacity (IEC) was 22% higher than Nafion® 117. The loss in weight decreased by 53% and loss in IEC decreased by 66% compared to that of Nafion® 117; both were used to quantitatively measure hydrolytic stability, and radical oxidative stability also increased by 75% when compared with Nafion® 117. Mechanically, this NSPI was superior, and its proton conductivity was higher than Nafion® 117 at elevated temperatures. All these improvements were due to the introduction of this pendant group. Taken together, we herein report a promising renewable energy source based on SPIs capable of displaying proton conductivity and enhanced hydrophilicity.
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14
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Maria Mahimai B, Sivasubramanian G, Kulasekaran P, Deivanayagam P. Sulfonated polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)- block-polystyrene based membranes containing CuO@g-C 3N 4 embedded with 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate for fuel cell applications. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8387-8393. [PMID: 34550155 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
New series of polymer composite membranes were prepared from sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (S-PSEBS) and copper oxide loaded in graphitic carbon nitride (CuO@N-C) embedded with an ionic liquid, 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate. The structural and physicochemical properties of the composite membranes were studied in detail. Electrolyte membrane loaded with 8.0 wt% of CuO@N-C exhibited the maximum ion-exchange capacity of 3.1 meq. g-1, whereas that of the pristine membrane was restricted to 1.8 meq. g-1. From the TGA profile of the composite membrane, it was found to exhibit adequate thermal stability to be employed as electrolyte in fuel cells. Proton conductivity of the composite membranes was found to be in the range between 0.0179 S cm-1 and 0.0229 S cm-1. Indeed, the substantial results achieved with the S-PSEBS/CuO@N-C composite membranes were indicative of the notable features of the membranes for use in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlina Maria Mahimai
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Gandhimathi Sivasubramanian
- Department of Physics, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Poonkuzhali Kulasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Paradesi Deivanayagam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
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15
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Teruel‐Juanes R, Río C, Gil‐Castell O, Primaz C, Ribes‐Greus A. Triblock
SEBS
/
DVB
crosslinked and sulfonated membranes: Fuel cell performance and conductivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Teruel‐Juanes
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Camino de Vera s/n Valencia Spain
| | - Carmen Río
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP–CSIC) Juan de la Cierva 3 Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Gil‐Castell
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Camino de Vera s/n Valencia Spain
| | - Carmem Primaz
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Camino de Vera s/n Valencia Spain
| | - Amparo Ribes‐Greus
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Camino de Vera s/n Valencia Spain
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16
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Ren M, Hou Z, Zheng X, Xu J, Zhu J. Electrostatic Control of the Three-Dimensional Confined Assembly of Charged Block Copolymers in Emulsion Droplets. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zaiyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xihuang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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SEBS-b-TPU and nanoclay: effective compatibilizers for promotion of the interfacial adhesion and properties of immiscible SEBS/TPU blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Zhu T, Shi B, Wu H, You X, Wang X, Fan C, Peng Q, Jiang Z. Highly Proton Conductive Phosphoric Acid Porous Organic Polymers via Knitting Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinda You
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Quan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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19
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20
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Atanasov V, Lee AS, Park EJ, Maurya S, Baca ED, Fujimoto C, Hibbs M, Matanovic I, Kerres J, Kim YS. Synergistically integrated phosphonated poly(pentafluorostyrene) for fuel cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:370-377. [PMID: 33288898 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern electrochemical energy conversion devices require more advanced proton conductors for their broad applications. Phosphonated polymers have been proposed as anhydrous proton conductors for fuel cells. However, the anhydride formation of phosphonic acid functional groups lowers proton conductivity and this prevents the use of phosphonated polymers in fuel cell applications. Here, we report a poly(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorostyrene-4-phosphonic acid) that does not undergo anhydride formation and thus maintains protonic conductivity above 200 °C. We use the phosphonated polymer in fuel cell electrodes with an ion-pair coordinated membrane in a membrane electrode assembly. This synergistically integrated fuel cell reached peak power densities of 1,130 mW cm-2 at 160 °C and 1,740 mW cm-2 at 240 °C under H2/O2 conditions, substantially outperforming polybenzimidazole- and metal phosphate-based fuel cells. Our result indicates a pathway towards using phosphonated polymers in high-performance fuel cells under hot and dry operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Atanasov
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albert S Lee
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Park
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sandip Maurya
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ehren D Baca
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cy Fujimoto
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michael Hibbs
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ivana Matanovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- T-1: Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Jochen Kerres
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yu Seung Kim
- MPA-11: Materials Synthesis and Integrated Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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21
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Li X, Yu H, Kang X, Chen G, Zhu M, Xu J. Effect of injection molding on structure and properties of poly(styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) and its nanocomposite with functionalized montmorillonite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiong Kang
- School of Material Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ming Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department Technology and Characterization DSM Materials Science Center Geleen The Netherlands
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22
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23
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Kang S, Park MJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Block Copolymers with Tethered Acid Groups: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1527-1541. [PMID: 35617073 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research on advanced polymer electrolytes has led to the emergence of all-solid-state energy storage/transfer systems. Early research began with acid-tethered polymers half a century ago, and research interest has gradually shifted to high-precision polymers with controllable acid functional groups and nanoscale morphologies. Consequently, various self-assembled acid-tethered block polymer morphologies have been produced. Their ion properties are profoundly affected by the multiscale intermolecular interactions in confinements. The creation of hierarchically organized ion/dipole arrangements inside the block copolymer nanostructures has been highlighted as a future method for developing advanced single-ion polymers with decoupled ion dynamics and polymer chain relaxation. Several emerging practical applications of the acid-tethered block copolymers have been explored to draw attention to the challenges and opportunities in developing state-of-the-art electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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24
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Colón-Ortiz J, Patel SY, Berninzon A, Gabounia G, Landers JM, Neimark AV. In-situ growth and characterization of metal oxide nanoparticles within block-copolymer polyelectrolyte membranes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Li Z, Li C, Long C, Sang J, Tian L, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhu H. Elastic and durable multi‐cation‐crosslinked anion exchange membrane based on poly(styrene‐
b
‐(ethylene‐
co
‐butylene)‐
b
‐styrene). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Conghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Chuan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jing Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Lin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Fanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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26
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Synthesis and preparation of branched block polybenzimidazole membranes with high proton conductivity and single-cell performance for use in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Effect of Chemical Structure and Degree of Branching on the Stability of Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polynaphthylimides. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030652. [PMID: 32178415 PMCID: PMC7183075 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolytic stability and oxidative stability are the core properties of sulfonated polynaphthylimides (SPIs) as proton exchange membranes. The chemical structure of SPIs directly influences the performance. Herein, three different series of branched SPIs were designed and prepared using 1,3,5-tris (2-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenoxy) benzene as a trifunctional monomer and three non-sulfonated diamine monomers, such as 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (6FODA), and 4,4'-(9-fluorenylidene)dianiline (BFDA). The effect of the chemical structure and degree of branching on SPIs properties is discussed. The results showed that by controlling the chemical structure and degree of branching, the chemical stability of SPIs changed significantly. SPI-6FODA with two ether linkages and a hydrophobic CF3 group has higher hydrolytic stability than SPI-ODA with only one ether linkage. In addition, with the increase of the introduced B3 monomer, the oxidation stability of SPI-6FODA has been greatly improved. We successfully synthesized SPIs with a high hydrolytic stability and oxidative stability.
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28
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Jackson GL, Kim SA, Jayaraman A, Diallo SO, Mahanthappa MK. Consequences of Convex Nanopore Chemistry on Confined Water Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1495-1508. [PMID: 32065528 PMCID: PMC7122394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of confined water is crucial for developing selective ion transport and water purification membranes, yet the roles of nanopore geometry and functionality on confined water dynamics remain unresolved. We report the synthesis of perdeuterated ionic alkylsulfonate amphiphiles and their water-induced self-assembly into lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) mesophases with well-defined, convex, sulfonate-lined nanopores. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements demonstrate that the water self-diffusion coefficients within these sulfonate-lined convex nanopores depend on the hydration level and amphiphile counterion identity (H+, K+, NMe4+). The consistency of the observed counterion-dependent water dynamics trends with those of carboxylate LLCs is rationalized on the basis of similarities in the counterion spatial distributions in the water-filled channels, which we deduce from electron density maps derived from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. These findings indicate that water diffusion is systematically faster in sulfonate-lined nanopores as compared to carboxylate-lined pores due to weaker water interactions with the softer and more hydrophobic-SO3- functionalities. These molecular-level insights into the relationships between convex pore wall chemical functionalities, hydrated counterions, and confined water diffusion may inform future development of new nanoporous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ashish Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Souleymane O. Diallo
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
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29
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Xue B, Zhou S, Yao J, Wang F, Zheng J, Li S, Zhang S. Novel proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated-phosphonated poly (p-phenylene-co-aryl ether ketone) terpolymers with microblock structures for passive direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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31
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Wu L, Wang L, Guo Z, Luo J, Xue H, Gao J. Durable and Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Coatings with Excellent Joule Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance for Flexible Sensing Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34338-34347. [PMID: 31441631 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic coatings have wide applications in many fields. However, superhydrophobic and smart coatings with multifunctionality and their applications in flexible sensing electronics are seldom reported. In this work, durable, superhydrophobic, and anticorrosive coatings with excellent Joule heating and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance are prepared on the basis of Ag precursor reduction and synchronous nonsolvent induced phase separation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with the copolymer (polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-polystyrene: SEBS) are uniformly distributed on the target substrate, forming mechanically durable conductive network. SEBS could not only endow the surface coating with superhydrophobicity but also improve the interaction among individual Ag nanoparticles and the interfacial adhesion between AgNPs and the substrate. The multifunctional coating possesses excellent anticorrosive, self-cleaning, and deicing properties. The high conductivity endows the coatings with excellent Joule heating and EMI shielding performance. The multifunctional coating can be applied to a variety of different substrates with outstanding surface stability and reliability. The conductivity for the smart coating can reach as high as 107 S/cm with the EMI shielding effectiveness up to 37.8 dB. At a low applied voltage of 1 V, the conductive fabric can be heated up to over 80 °C in 60 s and displays good recyclability during dozens of heating and cooling cycles. The Joule heating-induced temperature increase could be used for efficient surface deicing. When used for the flexible and wearable strain sensors, the multifunctional coating has a very low strain detection limit of 0.5% and large sensitivity (with the gauge factor as high as 1075) and excellent repeatability. In addition, it can be used for precisely monitoring different body motions, including both large and subtle joint movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Junchen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Huaiguo Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , China
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32
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Fang Z, Xu H, Gao S, Wu Z, Yin Z, Wang J, Yang J, Zhu C. Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Hulin Xu
- Beijing Qintian Science & Technology Development Co. Ltd. Beijing 100070 China
| | - Shuitao Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zhechang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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33
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Choudhury RR, Gohil JM, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Synthesis and characterization of novel functional poly(vinyl alcohol-co-styrene sulfonic acid) copolymers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2019.1596367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikarani R. Choudhury
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers – Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (SARP: LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers – Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (SARP: LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar, India
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers – Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (SARP: APDDRL), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bengaluru, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers – Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (SARP: APDDRL), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Chennai, India
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34
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Hofman AH, Fokkink R, Kamperman M. A mild and quantitative route towards well-defined strong anionic/hydrophobic diblock copolymers: synthesis and aqueous self-assembly. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined hydrophobic/strong anionic diblock copolymers were synthesized through a protected hydrophobic intermediate. Their self-assembly in aqueous solution was subsequently studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton H. Hofman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
- Polymer Science
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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35
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Deng J, Yan J, Tilly JC, Deng L, Mineart KP, Spontak RJ. Incorporation of Metallic Species into Midblock-Sulfonated Block Ionomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800427. [PMID: 30085395 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Block ionomers can, in the same fashion as their neutral block copolymer analogs, microphase-order into various nanoscale morphologies. The added benefit of a copolymer possessing a charged species is that the resultant block ionomer becomes amphiphilic and capable of imbibing polar liquids, including water. This characteristic facilitates incorporation of metallic species into the soft nanostructure for a wide range of target applications. In this study, the nonpolar and polar constituents of solvent-templated midblock-sulfonated block ionomers (SBIs) are first selectively metallated for complementary morphological analysis. Next, four different salts, with cationic charges ranging from +1 to +3, are introduced into three hydrated SBIs varying in their degree of sulfonation (DOS), and cation uptake is measured as a function of immersion time. These results indicate that uptake generally increases with increasing salt concentration, cationic charge, and specimen DOS. Swelling and nanoindentation measurements conducted at ambient temperature demonstrate that water uptake decreases, while the surface modulus increases, with increasing cationic charge. Chemical spectra acquired from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirm the presence of each of the ion-exchanged species, and corresponding EDS chemical maps reveal that the spatial distribution of these species is relatively uniform throughout the block ionomer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Joseph C Tilly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kenneth P Mineart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA
| | - Richard J Spontak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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36
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Lee KH, Chu JY, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. Enhanced Performance of a Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether ketone) Block Copolymer Bearing Pendant Sulfonic Acid Groups for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 80% Relative Humidity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20835-20844. [PMID: 29808664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) (SPAEK) block copolymers with controlled F-oligomer length bearing pendant diphenyl unit were synthesized via a polycondensation reaction. Sulfonation was verified by 1H NMR analysis to introduce sulfonic acid group selectively and intensively on the pendant diphenyl unit of polymer backbones. The SPAEK membranes fabricated by the solution casting approach were very transparent and flexible with the thickness of ∼50 μm. These membranes with different F-oligomer lengths were investigated to the physiochemical properties such as water absorption, dimensional stability, ion exchange capacity, and proton conductivity. As a result, the SPAEK membranes (X4.8Y8.8, X7.5Y8.8, and X9.1Y8.8) in accordance to increasing the length of hydrophilic oligomer showed excellent proton conductivity in range of 131-154 mS cm-1 compared to Nafion-115 (131 mS cm-1) at 90 °C under 100% relative humidity (RH). Among the SPAEK membranes, proton conductivity of SPAEK X9.1Y8.8 (140.7 mS cm-1) is higher than that of Nafion-115 (102 mS cm-1) at 90 °C under 80% RH. The atomic force microscopy image demonstrated that number of ion transport channels is increased with increase in the length of hydrophilic oligomer in the main chains, and the morphology is proved to be related to the proton conductivity. The synthesized SPAEK membrane exhibited a maximum power density of 324 mW cm-2, which is higher than that of Nafion-115 (291 mW cm-2) at 60 °C under 100% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, and Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Chu
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, and Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, and Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
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37
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Liu H, Lu G, Feng C, Huang X. A new difluoromethoxyl-containing acrylate monomer for PEG-b-PDFMOEA amphiphilic diblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00942b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the first synthesis of a well-defined difluoromethoxyl-containing polyacrylate via ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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38
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Wang C, Zhou Y, Shen B, Zhao X, Li J, Ren Q. Proton-conducting poly(ether sulfone ketone)s containing a high density of pendant sulfonic groups by a convenient and mild post-sulfonation. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A class of new poly(ether sulfone ketone)s containing a high density of pendant sulfonic groups on the sulfonated structural units were designed and the resulting membranes exhibited overall good performance at low IEC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Yuanpeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Bin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou 213164
- China
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39
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Wang J, Zhang R, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang P, Zheng Z, Qin X, Zhang X, Dai Y, Huang B. Two transition metal phosphonate photocatalysts for H2 evolution and CO2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7195-7198. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two transition metal (Co and Ni) ion phosphonates as isostructural organic inorganic hybrids are prepared and investigated in terms of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water and CO2 reduction under UV light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Ruoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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