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Movva S, Schirmeister CG, Hees T, Tavakoli D, Licht EH, Mülhaupt R, Garmestani H, Jacob KI. Crystallographic Texture Evolution in 3D Printed Polyethylene Reactor Blends. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21016-21034. [PMID: 38764669 PMCID: PMC11097177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, crystallographic texture evolution in 3D printed trimodal polyethylene (PE) blends and high-density PE (HDPE) benchmark material were investigated to quantify the resulting material anisotropy, and the results were compared to materials made from conventional injection molded (IM) samples. Trimodal PE reactor blends consisting of HDPE, ultrahigh molecular weight PE (UHMWPE), and HDPE_wax have been used for 3D printing and injection molding. Changes in the preferred orientation and distribution of crystallites, i.e., texture evolution, were quantified utilizing the wide angle X-ray diffraction through pole figures and orientation distribution functions (ODFs) for 3D printed and IM samples. Since the change in weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the blend was expected to significantly affect the resulting crystallinity and orientation, the overall Mw of the trimodal PE blend was varied while keeping the UHMWPE component weight fraction to 10% in the blend. The resulting texture was analyzed by varying the overall Mw of the trimodal blend and the process parameters in 3D printing and compared to the texture of conventional IM samples. The printing speed and orientation (defined with respect to the axis along the length of the samples) were used as the variable process parameters for 3D printing. The degree of anisotropy increases with an increase in the nonuniform distribution of intensities in pole figures and ODFs. All the highest intensity major texture components in IM and 3D printed samples (0° printing orientation) of reactor blends are observed to have crystals oriented in [001] or [001̅]. Overall, for the same throughput, 3D printed samples in the 0° orientation showed greater texture evolution and higher anisotropy compared to IM samples. Most notably, an increase in 3D printing speed increased the crystalline distribution closer to the 0° direction, increasing the anisotropy, while deviation from this printing orientation reduced crystalline distribution closer to the 0° direction, thus increasing isotropy. This demonstrates that tailoring material properties in specific directions can be achieved more effectively with 3D printing than with the injection molding process. Change in the overall Mw of the trimodal PE blend changed the preferential orientation distribution of the crystal planes to some degree. However, the degree of anisotropy remained the same in almost all cases, indicating that the effect of molecular weight distribution is not as significant as the printing speed and printing orientation in tailoring the resulting properties. The 3D printing process parameters (speed and orientation) were shown to have more influence on the texture than the material parameters associated with the blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahitya Movva
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Intel
Corporation, 2501 NE
Century Blvd, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, United States
| | - Carl G. Schirmeister
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
- Basell
Sales & Marketing B.V., LyondellBasell
Industries, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt a.M. D-65926, Germany
| | - Timo Hees
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - David Tavakoli
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Erik H. Licht
- Basell
Sales & Marketing B.V., LyondellBasell
Industries, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt a.M. D-65926, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
- Sustainability
Center Freiburg, Ecker-Str.
4, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Hamid Garmestani
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Karl I. Jacob
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- G.W. Woodruff
School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Cai M, He X, Liu B. Revealing the Effect of the Molecular Weight Distribution on the Chain Diffusion and Crystallization Process under a Branched Trimodal Polyethylene System. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38257063 PMCID: PMC10818820 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for high-end materials, trimodal polyethylene (PE) has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its superior performance compared with bimodal PE. By means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we aim to expound the effect of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) on the mechanism of nucleation and crystallization of trimodal PE. The crystallization rate is faster when short-chain branching is distributed on a single backbone compared to that on two backbones. In addition, as the content of high molecular weight backbone decreases, the time required for nucleation decreases, but the crystallization rate slows down. This is because low molecular weight backbones undergo intra-chain nucleation and crystallize earlier due to the high diffusion capacity, which leads to entanglement that prevents the movement of medium or high molecular weight backbones. Furthermore, crystallized short backbones hinder the movement and crystallization of other backbones. What is more, a small increase in the high molecular weight branched backbone of trimodal PE can make the crystallinity greater than that of bimodal PE, but when the content of high molecular weight backbone is too high, the crystallinity decreases instead, because the contribution of short and medium backbones to high crystallinity is greater than that of long backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China;
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yang Q, Zhang R, Liu M, Xue P, Liu L. Effect of Nano-SiO 2 on Different Stages of UHMWPE/HDPE Fiber Preparation via Melt Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010186. [PMID: 36616538 PMCID: PMC9823883 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend with lower viscosity is more suitable for melt spinning compared to pure UHMWPE; however, the mechanical property of the blend fiber is hard to dramatically improve (the maximum tensile strength of 998.27 MPa). Herein, different content modified-nano-SiO2 is incorporated to UHMWPE/HDPE blend fiber. After adding 0.5 wt% nano-SiO2, the tensile strength and initial modulus of UHMWPE/HDPE/nano-SiO2 fiber are increased to 1211 MPa and 12.81 GPa, respectively, 21.57% and 43.32% higher than that of UHMWPE/HDPE fiber. Meanwhile, the influence of the nano-SiO2 content on the performance for as-spun filament and fiber are emphatically analyzed. The crystallinity and molecular chain orientation of as-spun filament reduces with the addition of nano-SiO2. On the contrary, for fiber, the addition of nano-SiO2 promoted the crystallinity, molecular chain orientation and grain refinement more obvious at a lower content. Furthermore, the possible action mechanism of nano-SiO2 in the as-spun filament extrusion and fiber hot drawing stage is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ping Xue
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6442-6911
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Wu BY, Cai YD, Zhao XW, Ye L. Construction of Pressure-resistance Polyethylene-based Pipes with Highly Biaxially Oriented Structure and Self-reinforcing Mechanism. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Sui Y, Li J, Cui Y, Qiu Z, Wei P, Cong C, Meng X, Zhou Q. Eminent differences in cryogenic toughness of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene with different entanglement densities. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Zhangjie Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Chuanbo Cong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
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Fabric Insert Injection Molding for the Preparation of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/High-Density Polyethylene Two-Component Self-Reinforced Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204384. [PMID: 36297961 PMCID: PMC9609700 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabric insert injection molding approach can be applied to produce easily recyclable self-reinforced polymer composites (SrCs) whose reinforcement and matrix are from the same polymer. However, the mechanical properties of the SrCs are usually limited due to the poor impregnation of the inserted fabric. In this work, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabrics were used as the insert, and the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) melt was injected to fill the mold cavity and impregnate the fabrics. The UHMWPE/HDPE two-component SrCs were prepared. The large difference of melting temperatures between UHMWPE and HDPE can establish a wide processing temperature window, and thus the impregnation of the fabric can be improved by increasing temperature. The tensile strength and modulus of the UHMWPE/HDPE SrCs were up to 148 and 1132 MPa, respectively. The peel strength could be up to 35.2 N/cm. The influences of four main injection molding parameters, including the injection temperature, injection pressure/packing pressure, injection velocity, and packing time, were investigated. The temperature, pressure, viscosity, and density of the matrix in the mold cavity were calculated by the numerical simulation to indicate the impregnation process during the fabric insert injection molding process.
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7
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Babu NBK, Mensah RA, Shanmugam V, Rashedi A, Athimoolam P, Aseer JR, Das O. Self‐reinforced polymer composites: An opportunity to recycle plastic wastes and their future trends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NB Karthik Babu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Energy Institute A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Sivasagar India
| | - Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Vigneshwaran Shanmugam
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Ahmad Rashedi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Pugazhenthi Athimoolam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering Dindigul Dindigul India
| | - J. Ronald Aseer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal India
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden
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8
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Bakshi AK, Ghosh AK. Processability and physico‐mechanical properties of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene using low‐molecular‐weight olefin wax. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Bakshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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9
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Constructing highly oriented and condensed shish-kebab crystalline structure of HDPE/UHMWPE blends via intense stretching process:Achieving high mechanical properties and in-plane thermal conductivity. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Disentangled UHMWPE@silica powders for potential use in power bed fusion based additive manufacturing. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Luo J, Chen J, Liu M, Min J, Fu Q, Zhang J. Investigating the Influence of Incorporation of Boron Nitride on the Kinetics of Isotactic Polypropylene Entanglement Recovery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Hansen HB, Wadepohl H, Enders M. The Stronger the Better: Donor Substituents Push Catalytic Activity of Molecular Chromium Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Chemistry 2021; 27:11084-11093. [PMID: 34018643 PMCID: PMC8453878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The donor strength of bifunctional pyridine-cyclopentadienyl ligands was altered systematically by the introduction of donating groups in the para-position of the pyridine. In the resulting chromium complexes an almost linear correlation between donor strength and the nitrogen-chromium distance as well as the electronic absorption maximum is experimentally observed. The connection of electron-donating groups in the ligand backbone leads to an efficient transfer of the electronic influences to the catalytically active metal centre without restricting it through steric effects. Therefore, catalytic olefin polymerization activity, which is already very high for the previously studied catalysts, increase considerably by attaching para-amino groups to the chelating pyridine or quinoline, respectively. Combining electron-rich indenyl ligands with para-amino substituted pyridines lead to the highest catalytic activities observed so far for this class of organo chromium olefin polymerisation catalysts. The resulting polymers are of ultra-high molecular weight and the ability of the catalysts to incorporate co-monomers is also very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge-Boj Hansen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Yang Z, Shi J, Pan X, Liu B, He X. Effects of different ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene contents on the formation and evolution of hierarchical crystal structure of high‐density polyethylene/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene blend fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaixing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiaji Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Xuelian He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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14
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Dayyoub T, Olifirov LK, Chukov DI, Kaloshkin SD, Kolesnikov E, Nematulloev S. The Structural and Mechanical Properties of the UHMWPE Films Mixed with the PE-Wax. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153422. [PMID: 32756415 PMCID: PMC7435843 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since obtaining a highly oriented structure based on a large-scale commercial ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is considered very difficult due to its high molecular weight and melting index, modifying the structure of these cheap commercial UHMWPE brands into a supra-molecular structure with fiber-forming properties by adding a small amount of polyethylene wax (PE-wax) will provide the possibility to obtain highly oriented UHMWPE products with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. In this work, highly oriented UHMWPE/PE-wax films were prepared. The PE-wax affected the UHMWPE as an intermolecular lubricant. The obtained lamellar structure of the UHMWPE/PE-wax composites had a better processability. The UHMWPE and UHMWPE/PE-wax structures for the xerogels and the films were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The PE-wax presence enhanced the mechanical properties of the UHMWPE/PE-wax films to a high degree. The highest average value of the tensile strength was 1320 MPa (an increase of 78%) obtained by adding a PE-wax content of 1.0 wt.%, and the highest average value of the Young’s modulus was 56.8 GPa (an increase of 71%) obtained by adding a PE-wax content of 2.0 wt.%. The addition of the PE-wax increased the work of fracture values of the UHMWPE/PE-wax films up to 233%. The formation of the cavities was observed in the virgin UHMWPE films more than in the UHMWPE/PE-wax films, and the whitening of the oriented films was related to the crystallization process more than to the cavitation phenomenon. The coefficient of friction of the oriented UHMWPE/PE-wax films improved by 33% in comparison with the isotropic UHMWPE, and by 7% in comparison with the oriented virgin UHMWPE films.
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17
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Development of self-reinforced low-density polyethylene using γ-irradiation cross-linked polyethylene fibres. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Mathematical modeling of ethylene polymerization over advanced multisite catalysts: an artificial intelligence approach. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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19
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Li Z, Ye C, Feng L, Xia J, Zhang L, Zhao W, Hu Y. Crystal morphology and corresponding physical properties of nascent ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder with short-branched chains. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Fu J, Liu M, Fu Q, Zhang J. Understanding the effect of chain entanglement state on melt crystallization of the polymer freeze-extracted from solution: The role of critical overlap concentration. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Zhong F, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Tailoring Mono-, Bi-, and Trimodal Molar Mass Distributions and All-Hydrocarbon Composites by Ethylene Polymerization on Bis(imino)pyridine Chromium(III) Supported on Ultrathin Gibbsite Single Crystal Nanoplatelets. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
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22
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Hees T, Zhong F, Stürzel M, Mülhaupt R. Tailoring Hydrocarbon Polymers and All-Hydrocarbon Composites for Circular Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800608. [PMID: 30417498 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The world population will rapidly grow from 7 to 9 billion by 2050 and this will parallel a surging annual plastics consumption from today's 350 million tons to well beyond 1 billion tons. The switch from a linear economy with its throwaway culture to a circular economy with efficient reuse of waste plastics is therefore mandatory. Hydrocarbon polymers, accounting for more than half the world's plastics production, enable closed-loop recycling and effective product-stewardship systems. High-molar-mass hydrocarbons serve as highly versatile, cost-, resource-, eco- and energy-efficient, durable lightweight materials produced by solvent-free, environmentally benign catalytic olefin polymerization. Nanophase separation and alignment of unentangled hydrocarbon polymers afford 100% recyclable self-reinforcing all-hydrocarbon composites without requiring the addition of either alien fibers or hazardous nanoparticles. Recycling of durable hydrocarbons is far superior to biodegradation. The facile thermal degradation enables liquefaction and quantitative recovery of low molar mass hydrocarbon oil and gas. Teamed up with biomass-to-liquid and carbon dioxide-to-fuel conversions, powered by renewable energy, waste hydrocarbons serve as renewable hydrocarbon feedstocks for the synthesis of high molar mass hydrocarbon materials. Herein, an overview is given on how innovations in catalyst and process technology enable tailoring of advanced recyclable hydrocarbon materials meeting the needs of sustainable development and a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Hees
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fan Zhong
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Stürzel
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Straße 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Zhang G, Tong X, Hui L, Chen T, Mu J, Li W, Zhou Q. Blending ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene and poly(ethylene/10-undecen-1-ol) in one nascent particle. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganchao Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Engineering and Science, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Tong
- Institute of Polymer Engineering and Science, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hui
- Institute of Polymer Engineering and Science, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Polymer Engineering and Science, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Mu
- Institute of Polymer Engineering and Science, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Polymer Engineering and Science, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; Ningbo 315016 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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25
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Wear resistant all-PE single-component composites via 1D nanostructure formation during melt processing. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Lafleur S, Berthoud R, Ensinck R, Cordier A, De Cremer G, Philippaerts A, Bastiaansen K, Margossian T, Severn JR. Tailored bimodal ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lafleur
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven MB 5600 The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Astrid Cordier
- Université De Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265 Laboratoire De Chimie Catalyse Polymères Et Procédés (C2P2) LCPP Team, Bat 308F, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918; Villeurbanne F-69616 France
| | - Gert De Cremer
- DSM Materials Science Center, Polyolefin Technology and Catalysis Group, Urmonderbaan 22; Geleen 6167RD The Netherlands
| | - An Philippaerts
- DSM Materials Science Center, Polyolefin Technology and Catalysis Group, Urmonderbaan 22; Geleen 6167RD The Netherlands
| | - Kees Bastiaansen
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven MB 5600 The Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary, University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Tigran Margossian
- DSM Materials Science Center, Polyolefin Technology and Catalysis Group, Urmonderbaan 22; Geleen 6167RD The Netherlands
| | - John R. Severn
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven MB 5600 The Netherlands
- DSM Materials Science Center, Polyolefin Technology and Catalysis Group, Urmonderbaan 22; Geleen 6167RD The Netherlands
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27
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Zhong F, Schwabe J, Hofmann D, Meier J, Thomann R, Enders M, Mülhaupt R. All-polyethylene composites reinforced via extended-chain UHMWPE nanostructure formation during melt processing. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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