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Mohanan M, Ahmad H, Ajayan P, Pandey PK, Calvert BM, Zhang X, Chen F, Kim SJ, Kundu S, Gavvalapalli N. Using molecular straps to engineer conjugated porous polymer growth, chemical doping, and conductivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5510-5518. [PMID: 37234908 PMCID: PMC10207893 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling network growth and architecture of 3D-conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) is challenging and therefore has limited the ability to systematically tune the network architecture and study its impact on doping efficiency and conductivity. We have proposed that π-face masking straps mask the π-face of the polymer backbone and therefore help to control π-π interchain interactions in higher dimensional π-conjugated materials unlike the conventional linear alkyl pendant solubilizing chains that are incapable of masking the π-face. Herein, we used cycloaraliphane-based π-face masking strapped monomers and show that the strapped repeat units, unlike the conventional monomers, help to overcome the strong interchain π-π interactions, extend network residence time, tune network growth, and increase chemical doping and conductivity in 3D-conjugated porous polymers. The straps doubled the network crosslinking density, which resulted in 18 times higher chemical doping efficiency compared to the control non-strapped-CPP. The straps also provided synthetic tunability and generated CPPs of varying network size, crosslinking density, dispersibility limit, and chemical doping efficiency by changing the knot to strut ratio. For the first time, we have shown that the processability issue of CPPs can be overcome by blending them with insulating commodity polymers. The blending of CPPs with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) has enabled them to be processed into thin films for conductivity measurements. The conductivity of strapped-CPPs is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the poly(phenyleneethynylene) porous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Mohanan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Humayun Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Pooja Ajayan
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University Mississippi USA
| | | | - Benjamin M Calvert
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California USA
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | - Sung J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University Washington D.C. USA
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University Washington, D.C. USA
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Polymer networks functionalized with
low‐valent
phosphorus cations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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Ponikiewski Ł, Sowa S. Ring Opening of Triflates Derived from Benzophospholan-3-one Oxides by Aryl Grignard Reagents as a Route to 2-Ethynylphenyl(diaryl)phosphine Oxides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14928-14941. [PMID: 34699223 PMCID: PMC8576819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new simple method for the synthesis of 2-ethynylphenyl(diaryl)phosphine oxides via ring opening of benzophosphol-3-yl triflates has been developed. This process occurs via nucleophilic attack of a Grignard reagent at the phosphorus center, which results in ring opening and cleavage of a leaving group. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and, within 15-60 min, leads to a library of previously unavailable 2-ethynylphenylphosphine oxides in yields up to 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Street, Lublin PL-20-614, Poland
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Yan D, Wang N, Xue T, Wu H, Zhang J, Wu P. SBA‐15 Supported Chiral Phosphine‐Gold(I) Complex: Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Teng Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
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Abstract
The relative stability and predictable reactivity of alkynyl sulfides make them ideal synthons for the development of new transformations. Classic methods for forming alkynyl sulfides relied on dehydrohalogenation approaches. However more recent methods have focused on employing umpolung strategies, as well as nucleophilic and electrophilic thiol alkynylation. In addition, the recent syntheses of Csp-S bonds have trended towards exploiting catalysis and expanding the reaction scope of the methods. A survey of existing methods to form alkynyl sulfides is presented as well as an evaluation with regards to the scope of each method, to provide the reader with an overview of advantages and limitations of current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Santandrea
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH3C 3J7.
| | - Eric Godin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH3C 3J7.
| | - Shawn K Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, CanadaH3C 3J7.
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Walsgrove HT, Dabringhaus P, Patrick BO, Gates DP. Chemical- and light-induced isomerization of the P=C bond of a 1-phosphabutadiene. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Mes*P=C(Si(CH3)3)Br with CH2=CHMgBr in the presence of Pd(0) affords 1-phosphabutadiene Mes*P=C(Si(CH3)3)–CH=CH2 (1) selectively as the Z isomer. Remarkably, treatment of Z-1 with n-BuLi (0.1 equiv.) resulted in quantitative formation of E-1. The exact role of the n-BuLi is unknown; however, it appears to be required to promote the isomerization in the absence of light. The isomerization of Z-1 to E-1 was also mediated by sunlight with the reaction mixture consisting of a ca. 1:9 ratio of Z-1 to E-1. DFT calculations were consistent with the thermodynamic favorability of the isomerization of Z-1 to E-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T.G. Walsgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Philipp Dabringhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Mackenzie HK, Rawe BW, Samedov K, Walsgrove HTG, Uva A, Han Z, Gates DP. A Smart Phosphine–Diyne Polymer Displays “Turn-On” Emission with a High Selectivity for Gold(I/III) Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10319-10324. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey K. Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Benjamin W. Rawe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Kerim Samedov
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Henry T. G. Walsgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Rottschäfer D, Sharma MK, Neumann B, Stammler H, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. A Modular Access to Divinyldiphosphenes with a Strikingly Small HOMO–LUMO Energy Gap. Chemistry 2019; 25:8127-8134. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und KatalyseLehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mahendra K. Sharma
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und KatalyseLehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und KatalyseLehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und KatalyseLehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische ChemieUniversität des Saarlandes Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und KatalyseLehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5846-5870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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