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Brzyska A, Majewski S, Ponikiewski Ł, Zubik-Duda M, Lipke A, Gładysz-Płaska A, Sowa S. Benzophosphol-3-yl Triflates as Precursors of 1,3-Diarylbenzophosphole Oxides. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37276533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for the synthesis of 3-arylbenzophosphole oxides under Suzuki-Miyaura coupling conditions has been presented. It employs benzophosphol-3-yl triflate starting materials which, prior to our work, had not been used for the synthesis of 3-arylbenzophosphole oxides. The reactions proceed over 24 h and provide a library of 3-arylbenzophosphole oxides. The synthetic access to the benzophosphol-3-yl triflates has been improved. The preliminary photophysical properties of some 3-arylbenzophosphole oxides have been investigated by absorption and emission measurements. The theoretical calculations were performed to establish structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brzyska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 8 Niezapominajek St., Krakow PL-30-239, Poland
| | - Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Crystallochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana St., Lublin PL-20-614, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik-Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, PL-20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lipke
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 2/9 M. Curie-Sklodowska sq., Lublin PL-20-031, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gładysz-Płaska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 2/13-15A M. Curie-Sklodowska sq., Lublin PL-20-031, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Crystallochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana St., Lublin PL-20-614, Poland
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Koroluk A, Sowa S, Boczkowska M, Paczos-Grzęda E. Utilizing Genomics to Characterize the Common Oat Gene Pool—The Story of More than a Century of Polish Breeding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076547. [PMID: 37047519 PMCID: PMC10094864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the diversity and population structure of 487 oat accessions, including breeding lines from the ongoing programs of the three largest Polish breeding companies, along with modern and historical Polish and foreign cultivars. The analysis was based on 7411 DArTseq-derived SNPs distributed among three sub-genomes (A, C, and D). The heterogeneity of the studied material was very low, as only cultivars and advanced breeding lines were examined. Principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and cluster and STRUCTURE analyses found congruent results, which show that most of the examined cultivars and materials from Polish breeding programs formed major gene pools, that only some accessions derived from Strzelce Plant Breeding, and that foreign cultivars were outside of the main group. During the 120 year oat breeding process, only 67 alleles from the old gene pool were lost and replaced by 67 new alleles. The obtained results indicate that no erosion of genetic diversity was observed within the Polish native oat gene pool. Moreover, current oat breeding programs have introduced 673 new alleles into the gene pool relative to historical cultivars. The analysis also showed that most of the changes in relation to historical cultivars occurred within the A sub-genome with emphasis on chromosome 6A. The targeted changes were the rarest in the C sub-genome. This study showed that Polish oat breeding based mainly on traditional breeding methods—although focused on improving traits typical to this crop, i.e., enhancing the grain yield and quality and improving adaptability—did not significantly narrow the oat gene pool and in fact produced cultivars that are not only competitive in the European market but are also reservoirs of new alleles that were not found in the analyzed foreign materials.
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J, Łożyńska M, Barszcz W, Sowa S, Wieciński P. Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Zinc by Plasma Treatment. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:387. [PMID: 37103814 PMCID: PMC10142864 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer membranes play an important role in various filtration processes. The modification of a polyamide membrane surface by one-component Zn and ZnO coatings and two-component Zn/ZnO coatings is presented in this work. The technological parameters of the Magnetron Sputtering-Physical Vapor Deposition method (MS-PVD) for the coatings deposition process show an impact on the influence on the membrane's surface structure, chemical composition, and functional properties. The characterization of surface structure and morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, surface roughness and wettability measurements were also made. For checking the antibacterial activity, the two representative strains of bacteria Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) were used. The filtration tests showed that polyamide membranes covered with three types of coatings, one-component Zn coatings, ZnO coatings, and two-component Zn/ZnO coatings, presented similar properties. The obtained results show that using the MS-PVD method for modification of the membrane's surface is a very promising perspective in the prevention of biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Monika Łożyńska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Wioletta Barszcz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Piotr Wieciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Smolik J, Sowa S, Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J, Piasek A. Evaluation of the Fracture Toughness K Ic for Selected Magnetron Sputtering Coatings by Using the Laugier Model. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:9061. [PMID: 36556866 PMCID: PMC9787528 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation is one of the methods that allows for determining the fracture properties of brittle materials. In this article, the authors present the possibility of the fracture toughness coefficient calculation of ceramic-based coatings doped by metal (W, Cr) by using the nanoindentation method with the Berkovich diamond indenter. The mechanical properties of selected coatings, such as hardness and Young's modulus, were investigated from nanohardness experiments. We analyzed the brittle fracture, which includes changes in hardness (H), Young's modulus (E), plasticity index H/E and resistance to plastic deformation H3/E2, enabled the concentration of tungsten and chromium. Due to the size of the indentation and the size of the initial cracks, it is necessary to use Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe and measure the indentations made and the generated cracks. For evaluation of the fracture toughness in mode I, the Laugier model was chosen experimentally. The fracture toughness analysis showed that doping with concentrations of 10% W and 10% Cr causes an increase in the fracture toughness for KIc = 4.98 for TiBW (10%) and KIc = 6.23 for TiBCr (10%).
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Sowa S, Sozoniuk M, Toporowska J, Kowalczyk K, Paczos-Grzęda E. Reference genes expression stability in Avena sativa L. during compatible and incompatible interactions with Puccinia graminis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18369. [PMID: 36319744 PMCID: PMC9626582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable qPCR experiment requires the selection of reference genes with a stable level of expression in a given experimental system. This study attempts to determine the reference genes (RGs) for the A. sativa-P. graminis experimental setup. We evaluated nine candidate reference genes in A. sativa (oat line Pg4 and the cultivar Kasztan) during compatible and incompatible interactions with different pathotypes of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae in six time points post-inoculation. The identification of genes with high expression stability was performed by four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt method). We found that the most appropriate combination of RGs for RT-qPCR data normalization were HNR (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein 27C) + EF1A (elongation factor 1-alpha) + EIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-3). The worst candidates for normalization in this dataset were CYP (cyclophilin) and TUA (alpha tubulin). Identified reference genes are suitable candidates for the standardization of gene expression studies in the A. sativa-P. graminis interaction system and potentially other related pathogens. To date, this is the first report of RGs selection in this pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sozoniuk
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Toporowska
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Park RF, Boshoff WHP, Cabral AL, Chong J, Martinelli JA, McMullen MS, Fetch JWM, Paczos-Grzęda E, Prats E, Roake J, Sowa S, Ziems L, Singh D. Breeding oat for resistance to the crown rust pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: achievements and prospects. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:3709-3734. [PMID: 35665827 PMCID: PMC9729147 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), is a significant impediment to global oat production. Some 98 alleles at 92 loci conferring resistance to Pca in Avena have been designated; however, allelic relationships and chromosomal locations of many of these are unknown. Long-term monitoring of Pca in Australia, North America and elsewhere has shown that it is highly variable even in the absence of sexual recombination, likely due to large pathogen populations that cycle between wild oat communities and oat crops. Efforts to develop cultivars with genetic resistance to Pca began in the 1950s. Based almost solely on all all-stage resistance, this has had temporary benefits but very limited success. The inability to eradicate wild oats, and their common occurrence in many oat growing regions, means that future strategies to control Pca must be based on the assumption of a large and variable prevailing pathogen population with high evolutionary potential, even if cultivars with durable resistance are deployed and grown widely. The presence of minor gene, additive APR to Pca in hexaploid oat germplasm opens the possibility of pyramiding several such genes to give high levels of resistance. The recent availability of reference genomes for diploid and hexaploid oat will undoubtedly accelerate efforts to discover, characterise and develop high throughput diagnostic markers to introgress and pyramid resistance to Pca in high yielding adapted oat germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Park
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - W H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - A L Cabral
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Canada
| | - J Chong
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Canada
| | - J A Martinelli
- Department of Crop Science, Agronomy School, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - M S McMullen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105-5051, USA
| | - J W Mitchell Fetch
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Canada
| | - E Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - E Prats
- CSIC-Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. , 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Roake
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - L Ziems
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Sowa S, Sozoniuk M, Toporowska J, Kowalczyk K, Paczos-Grzęda E. Validation of reference genes as an internal control for studying Avena sativa-Puccinia coronata interaction by RT-qPCR. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14601. [PMID: 36028746 PMCID: PMC9418433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated eleven candidate reference genes in Avena sativa during compatible and incompatible interactions with two different pathotypes of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in six time points post-inoculation. The identification of genes with high expression stability was performed by four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt method). The results obtained confirmed that the combination of two genes would be sufficient for reliable normalization of the expression data. In general, the most stable in the tested plant-pathogen system were HNR (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein 27C) and EF1A (elongation factor 1-alpha). ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor) and EIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-3) could also be considered as exhibiting high expression stability. CYP (cyclophilin) was shown by all assessment methods to be the worst candidate for normalization in this dataset. To date, this is the first report of reference genes selection in A. sativa–P. coronata interaction system. Identified reference genes enable reliable and comprehensive RT-qPCR analysis of oat gene expression in response to crown rust infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the host–pathogen interactions may expand knowledge of durable resistance strategies beneficial to modern oat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Sozoniuk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Toporowska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Mizerska-Kowalska M, Sowa S, Donarska B, Płaziński W, Sławińska-Brych A, Tomasik A, Ziarkowska A, Łączkowski KZ, Zdzisińska B. New Borane-Protected Derivatives of α-Aminophosphonous Acid as Anti-Osteosarcoma Agents: ADME Analysis and Molecular Modeling, In Vitro Studies on Anti-Cancer Activities, and NEP Inhibition as a Possible Mechanism of Anti-Proliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126716. [PMID: 35743158 PMCID: PMC9223658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organophosphorus compounds (OPs), especially various α-aminophosphonates, exhibit anti-cancer activities. They act, among others, as inhibitors of the proteases implicated in cancerogenesis. Thesetypes of inhibitors weredescribed, e.g., for neutral endopeptidase (NEP) expressed in different cancer cells, including osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of the present study isto evaluate new borane-protected derivatives of phosphonous acid (compounds 1–7) in terms of their drug-likeness properties, anti-osteosarcoma activities in vitro (against HOS and Saos-2 cells), and use as potential NEP inhibitors. The results revealed that all tested compounds exhibited the physicochemical and ADME properties typical for small-molecule drugs. However, compound 4 did not show capability of blood–brain barrier penetration (Lipiński and Veber rules;SwissAdme tool). Moreover, the α-aminophosphonite-boranes (compounds 4–7) exhibited stronger anti-proliferative activity against OS cells than the other phosphonous acid-borane derivatives (compounds 1–3),especially regarding HOS cells (MTT assay). The most promising compounds 4 and 6 induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3 and/or cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase (flow cytometry). Compound 4 inhibited the migration and invasiveness of highly aggressive HOS cells (wound/transwell and BME-coated transwell assays, respectively). Additionally, compound 4 and, to a lesser extent, compound 6 inhibited NEP activity (fluorometric assay). This activity of compound 4 was involved in its anti-proliferative potential (BrdU assay). The present study shows that compound 4 can be considered a potential anti-osteosarcoma agent and a scaffold for the development of new NEP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mizerska-Kowalska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.); (A.Z.); (B.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Gliniana 33 Street, 20-614 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Beata Donarska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2 Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.D.); (K.Z.Ł.)
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8 Street, 30-239 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Tomasik
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.); (A.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Anna Ziarkowska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.); (A.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2 Street, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.D.); (K.Z.Ł.)
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.T.); (A.Z.); (B.Z.)
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Sowa S, Buczak E, Woźnicki P, Bąk O, Borowski P, Herbaczyńska-Stankevič B, Stankevič M. Unusual ionization of phosphine-boranes under RP-HPLC-HRMS conditions disclose a potential system for reduction of C=O bond. ARKIVOC 2022. [DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ponikiewski Ł, Sowa S. Ring Opening of Triflates Derived from Benzophospholan-3-one Oxides by Aryl Grignard Reagents as a Route to 2-Ethynylphenyl(diaryl)phosphine Oxides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14928-14941. [PMID: 34699223 PMCID: PMC8576819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new simple method for the synthesis of 2-ethynylphenyl(diaryl)phosphine oxides via ring opening of benzophosphol-3-yl triflates has been developed. This process occurs via nucleophilic attack of a Grignard reagent at the phosphorus center, which results in ring opening and cleavage of a leaving group. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and, within 15-60 min, leads to a library of previously unavailable 2-ethynylphenylphosphine oxides in yields up to 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ponikiewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdańsk PL-80-233, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Street, Lublin PL-20-614, Poland
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Sowa S, Paczos-Grzęda E. Virulence Structure of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae and Effectiveness of Pc Resistance Genes in Poland During 2017-2019. Phytopathology 2021; 111:1158-1165. [PMID: 33225832 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0457-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is one of the most destructive diseases of oat, regularly occurring worldwide and leading to significant yield losses. This article characterizes the pathotype structure of P. coronata in Poland and evaluates the potential of crown rust race-specific resistance genes for use in practical breeding conditions in this region. A total of 466 isolates were derived from four locations of intensive oat breeding in Poland in 2017 to 2019, representing P. coronata populations from West, East, South, and Central Poland. Their virulence structure was determined on 35 Pc differential lines in laboratory conditions. In each year and location, high pathotype diversity was observed. In total, 347 (75%) pathotypes were detected. On average P. coronata isolates collected in 2017 and 2018 were virulent to 11% of the oat differentials. In 2019 isolates from East and South of Poland were able to overcome 18.3 and 18.5% of the oat differentials, respectively. There was no isolate virulent against Pc51, Pc52, and Pc91 crown rust resistance genes. P. coronata isolates displayed modest virulence levels, high diversity, and no prevailing pathotype. The information provided here may be helpful for development of resistance breeding strategies and in choosing the most effective major genes for pyramiding into cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J, Łożyńska M, Barszcz W, Sowa S, Wieciński P, Woskowicz E, Życki M. Influence of Deposition Parameters of TiO 2 + CuO Coating on the Membranes Surface Used in the Filtration Process of Dairy Wastewater on Their Functional Properties. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11040290. [PMID: 33923736 PMCID: PMC8074118 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach of the deposition of two-component coating consisting of TiO2 and CuO on polymer membranes by MS-PVD method was presented in this work. This confirmed the possibility of using thin functional coatings for the modification of polymer membranes. The influence of technological parameters of the coating deposition on the membrane’s structure, chemical composition and functional properties (hydrophilic, photocatalytic and bactericidal properties) were analyzed using SEM. Model microorganism such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis have been used to check the antibacterial properties. The results indicated that doping with CuO highlights the potential of bactericidal efficiency. The surface properties of the membranes were evaluated with the surface free energy. For evaluating photocatalytic properties, the UV and visible light were used. The filtration tests showed that polymer membranes treated with two-component TiO2 + CuO coatings have a permeate flux similar to the reference material (non-coated membrane). The obtained results constitute a very promising perspective of the potential application of magnetron sputtering for deposition of TiO2 + CuO coatings in the prevention of biofouling resulted from the membrane filtration of dairy wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.); (M.Ż.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-48-364-9332
| | - Monika Łożyńska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Wioletta Barszcz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Piotr Wieciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego St., 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Woskowicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Maciej Życki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.); (M.Ż.)
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Sowa S, Pietrusiewicz KM. Reduction of tertiary phosphine oxides to phosphine-boranes using Ti(Oi-Pr)4/BH3-THF. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Antonov M, Hussainova I, Kalbarczyk M, Liu L, Maldonado-Cortés D, Michalczewski R, Osuch-Słomka E, Sowa S, Słomka Z, Łuszcz M. The wear of PVD coated elements in oscillation motion at high temperature. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2021.4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J, Łożyńska M, Barszcz W, Sowa S, Wieciński P, Woskowicz E. Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Composition of Titanium Oxide and Silver Oxide by Magnetron Sputtering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010141. [PMID: 33396349 PMCID: PMC7795832 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the authors present the possibility of modification of polymer membranes by TiO2 + AgO coating created by the magnetron sputtering method. The two-component TiO2 + AgO coating can improve and shape new functional properties such as bactericidal and photocatalytic properties. The influence of magnetron power changes on the structure of the membrane was investigated as well. The structure and elemental composition of TiO2 + AgO coatings were analyzed using SEM and EDS technique. All deposited coatings caused a total inhibition of the growth of two investigated colonies of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis on the surface. The photocatalytic properties for membranes covered with oxide coatings were tested under UV irradiation and visible light. The filtration result show that polymer membranes covered with two-component TiO2 + AgO coatings have a permeate flux similar to the non-coated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-48-364-93-32
| | - Monika Łożyńska
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Wioletta Barszcz
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Piotr Wieciński
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Woskowicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (M.Ł.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (E.W.)
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16
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Sowa S, Kulik M, Koroluk A, Toporowska J, Marek E, Szewczyk W, Szewczyk M, Krzysztof K, Paczos-Grzęda E. Genetic structure of Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka populations on the north-western margins of the species range. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
A new alkylation protocol for the synthesis of tertiary phosphonite/phosphinite-boranes is developed. P-Alkylation products are obtained exclusively in moderate to very good yields from easily accessible (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)/(1-hydroxy-1-cyclohexyl) phosphonite/phosphinite-boranes upon reaction with a variety of electrophiles under mild conditions. The methodology opens up new synthetic routes for organophosphorus chemistry and offers access to valuable alkyl phosphonite/phosphinite-boranes. In contrast to previously reported oxidative removal–substitution sequences for the preparation of optically active phosphinite-boranes, our protocol provides a one-step procedure that occurs without loss of stereochemical information at phosphorus. This new approach provides a rather advantageous protocol when compared to direct alkylation methods (which may undergo P-epimerization) and occurs in a stereoselective manner even at 0 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin
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18
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Kwiecińska-Poppe E, Haliniarz M, Sowa S, Paczos-Grzęda E. Genetic diversity and population structure of endangered plant species Anagallis foemina Mill. [ Lysimachia foemina (Mill.) U. Manns & Anderb.]. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:1675-1683. [PMID: 32801495 PMCID: PMC7415047 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anagallis foemina L. [syn. Lysimachia foemina (Mill.) U. Manns & Anderb.] is an annual, segetal weed from the family Primulaceae, recognized as a very rare and endangered species in many European countries. The rare occurrence of this species is associated with the specificity of the habitats in which it occurs. Knowledge of genetic diversity within and between rare species populations is a crucial step for investigating the causes of extinction as well as developing effective conservation strategies. The current study undertakes the assessment of the genetic variation and population structure of Anagallis foemina L. specimens collected in south-eastern Poland, Volhynian Polesie and West Volhynian Upland based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism. Twenty ISSR primers amplified 374 DNA fragments, of which 79% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.230 to 0.430 with an average of 0.344. An average genetic similarity calculated based on Dice algorithm between all analysed samples was 0.635 (0.28-1.00). The AMOVA study found a significant difference (Φpt = 0.88, P = 0.001) between Anagallis L. genotypes gathered in Volhynian Polesie (VP) and West Volhynian Upland (VU). Analysis indicated, that 89% of the variation existed among groups and 11% within groups. UPGMA analyses grouped A. foemina samples into 2 clearly separated clusters. The plants of the same geographic origin were grouped together. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) as well as STRUCTURE also grouped samples in consistence with the collection site, indicating close genetic affinity of plants from the same location. The observed results are typical for fragmented and isolated populations of rare species. Isolation of a small population leads to a decrease in internal genetic variation and to an increase of variation among them. In that case, the conservation of populations from each regional cluster is important to preserve biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe
- Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Haliniarz
- Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J, Kowalik-Klimczak A, Woskowicz E, Wieciński P, Łożyńska M, Sowa S, Barszcz W, Kaźmierczak B. Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Silver Oxide by Plasma Treatment. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10060133. [PMID: 32604751 PMCID: PMC7345900 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfiltration (MF) membranes have been widely used for the separation and concentration of various components in food processing, biotechnology and wastewater treatment. The deposition of components from the feed solution and accumulation of bacteria on the surface and in the membrane matrix greatly reduce the effectiveness of MF. This is due to a decrease in the separation efficiency of the membrane, which contributes to a significant increase in operating costs and the cost of exploitative parts. In recent years, significant interest has arisen in the field of membrane modifications to make their surfaces resistant to the deposition of components from the feed solution and the accumulation of bacteria. The aim of this work was to develop appropriate process parameters for the plasma surface deposition of silver oxide (AgO) on MF polyamide membranes, which enables the fabrication of filtration materials with high permeability and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-48-364-93-32
| | - Anna Kowalik-Klimczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Ewa Woskowicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Piotr Wieciński
- Faculty of Materials, Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Łożyńska
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Wioletta Barszcz
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernadetta Kaźmierczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Networks—Institute for Sustainable Technology, 6/10 Pułaskiego St., 26-600 Radom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (E.W.); (M.Ł.); (S.S.); (W.B.); (B.K.)
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20
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Sowa S, Paczos-Grzęda E. Identification of molecular markers for the Pc39 gene conferring resistance to crown rust in oat. Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:1081-1094. [PMID: 31927607 PMCID: PMC7064627 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Six new PCR-based markers for the Pc39 crown rust resistance gene in Avena sativa L. were developed. Pc39 was mapped to Mrg11 of the oat consensus map using BLASTn analysis. The aim of this study was the identification of molecular markers for the Pc39 gene in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.). Pc39 is a major race-specific crown rust resistance gene originally found in an Israeli accession of the wild hexaploid Avena sterilis. The effectiveness of this gene in Europe has decreased in recent years, but is still relatively high and breeding programs would benefit from the availability of molecular markers to aid in its mapping and deployment. The complexity of the oat genome poses a significant obstacle to genetic research. No oat rust resistance genes have yet been cloned, and even the number of relevant molecular markers is very limited. Here, genotyping of a segregating population derived from a cross 'Celer' (Pc39)/STH9210 (susceptible) was conducted using RAPD- and SRAP-PCR-based methods, as well as microarray-based DArT™ and next-generation sequencing DArTseq™ techniques. Markers associated with Pc39 were placed on the hexaploid oat consensus linkage group Mrg11 at 3.7-6.7 cM. Six new PCR-based markers were developed to allow identification of the resistant Pc39 allele. These tightly linked markers will be useful in marker-assisted selection, with the closest, SCAR_3456624, being within 0.37 cM of Pc39. The newly developed markers could find applications in the fine mapping or positional cloning of this gene. Moreover, easy-to-use PCR-based markers linked to Pc39 could facilitate the utilization of this gene in oat breeding programs, especially as a component of crown rust resistance gene pyramids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Paczos-Grzęda E, Sowa S. Virulence Structure and Diversity of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae P. Syd. & Syd. in Poland During 2013 to 2015. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1559-1564. [PMID: 31025903 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1820-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The crown rust fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae P. Syd. & Syd. (Pca) attacks cultivated oat and its wild relatives, causing significant losses to the crop worldwide. Although understanding the origin and dynamics of the pathogen's diversity is critical to developing methods for its control, there are little relevant data on Pca virulence diversity in Europe, the global center of oat production. The goal of this study was to analyze the diversity of Pca populations in Poland in 2013 to 2015 based on their ability to overcome currently available host resistance Pc genes. Pca isolate virulence was evaluated on a panel of lines containing 26 major resistance genes of oat. The isolates were able to overcome from 1 to 16 resistance genes each, with most isolates being virulent on five to seven lines. In all years, a very high level of crown rust pathotype diversity was observed, with Simpson and Evenness indices of 0.99. In total, 156 different pathotypes were detected, with no prevalent pathotype in any of the 3 years analyzed. The results showed that the virulence level of P. coronata isolates was relatively low for each year studied (21% on average), most likely owing to the low take up of Pc genes in Polish oat cultivars, meaning that many sources of resistance are still effective against Pca races occurring in Poland. The long-range dispersal of Puccinia spores supported by the availability of wild, weedy, and cultivated Avena species makes it likely that the virulence profile seen in Poland is representative of much of central Europe and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Paczos-Grzęda E, Sowa S, Boczkowska M, Langdon T. Detached Leaf Assays for Resistance to Crown Rust Reveal Diversity Within Populations of Avena sterilis. Plant Dis 2019; 103:832-840. [PMID: 30806576 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1045-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crown rust is the most widespread and damaging disease of oat (Avena species). Genetic resistance to the pathogen is the preferred method for crop protection but widespread deployment of limited numbers of major effect genes has promoted the rapid emergence and spread of pathogen races that are able to overcome these genes. Combining genes with even partial resistance may help develop durable cultivars that are less vulnerable to changes in pathogen virulence. Partial resistance is expected to be relatively common in populations of wild species where constant pathogen pressure encourages diversity in host resistance mechanisms, but it may be discarded in conventional screens for major gene resistance. Here, we used a detached leaf assay to detect resistance to the crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae, in previously uncharacterized collections of the hexaploid wild oat relative A. sterilis made by the Polish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources. Many of the accessions were collected in Morocco, the center of diversity for the Avena genus. The detached leaf assessment allowed individual plants to be challenged with multiple pathotypes and their responses compared with 34 known differentials. Broad-spectrum resistance was identified within accession PL 51855, which behaved as a single major locus on crossing to three cultivars. The locus provided resistance to over 50 rust pathotypes, a greater range than seen for any of the known host resistance (Pc) genes. Strong resistance was identified in other accessions, and heterogeneity in response within accessions was common. Several accessions show multiple partial resistance responses that may be of value for developing durable resistance in cultivars. Because the sources of resistance in all but two differential lines were collected outside of Morocco, resistance in all accessions tested here are potentially novel. This study demonstrates that diversity within A. sterilis accessions collected in Morocco could be a very valuable source of resistance to crown rust, and it provides new germplasm for use in resistance breeding programs. Detached leaf assessment provides a valuable first step in the identification of promising candidates in complex gene bank accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- 1 Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- 1 Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maja Boczkowska
- 2 Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden, Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland
- 3 Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute 05-870 Radzikow, Poland; and
| | - Tim Langdon
- 4 Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3EE Aberystwyth, U.K
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Sowa S, Pietrusiewicz KM. Chemoselective Reduction of the P=O Bond in the Presence of P-O and P-N Bonds in Phosphonate and Phosphinate Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska; Gliniana 33 St. 20-614 Lublin Poland
| | - K. Michał Pietrusiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska; Gliniana 33 St. 20-614 Lublin Poland
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Abstract
Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is the most widespread and harmful fungal disease of oat. The best defense against the pathogen is use of cultivars with genetic resistance, which is effective, economic, and an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical control. However, the continuous evolution of the pathogen can rapidly overcome major gene resistance, creating an urgent need to identify new sources. Wild oat accessions have already proven to be valuable donors of many resistance genes, but the weed species Avena fatua remains underexploited. Its abundance across multiple environments and the frequent occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations demonstrate its ready ability to adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses; yet, surprisingly, there are no extensive studies which describe crown rust resistance occurrence in gene bank stocks of A. fatua. In this study, 204 accessions of A. fatua maintained in the collections of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Polish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using host-pathogen tests with five highly diverse and virulent races of P. coronata. Of tested genotypes, 85% showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, while 61% were susceptible or moderately susceptible to all races. Of the 79 resistant A. fatua accessions, seedling resistance to at least two P. coronata isolates was recognized within 19 accessions, with 13 displaying a homogeneously resistant phenotype to one or two races. Accessions showing multiple single seedling resistance to three or four isolates were observed. Based on the seedling reaction to isolates used in the study, 18 infection profiles (IP) were determined. Using UPGMA clustering, resistant accessions were divided into six main clusters encompassing samples with similar IPs. Twelve of 18 patterns allowed us to postulate the likely presence of novel crown rust resistance genes, whose origin was predominantly from Kenya or Egypt. Future work will clarify the genetic basis of the resistances observed here, as well as confirm their potential utility in breeding resistant oat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Paczos-Grzeda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Koroluk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tim Langdon
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Abstract
Tertiary sulfanylphosphine and aminoalkylphosphine oxides can be easily converted into the corresponding tertiary sulfanylphosphine- and aminoalkylphosphine-boranes, respectively, through the facile P=O bond reduction by borane complexes. The easy reduction of the strong P=O bond by BH3, a mild reducing agent, has been achieved through an intramolecular P=O -- B complexation directed by proximal SH or NH activating groups located at the α- or β-position to the P=O bond. A generalized reduction mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University
| | - Marek Stankevič
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University
| | - Anna Flis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University
| | - K. Pietrusiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University
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26
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Okoń S, Paczos-Grzęda E, Ociepa T, Koroluk A, Sowa S, Kowalczyk K, Chrząstek M. Avena sterilis L. Genotypes as a Potential Source of Resistance to Oat Powdery Mildew. Plant Dis 2016; 100:2145-2151. [PMID: 30683010 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-15-1365-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify Avena sterilis genotypes demonstrating a high level of resistance against oat powdery mildew, using host-pathogen tests. The study was conducted on 350 A. sterilis genotypes from different parts of the world. Six single-spore isolates of Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. avenae, which demonstrated different levels of virulence to control lines and cultivars, were used in host-pathogen screening tests. To confirm the resistant response of selected genotypes, 13 other isolates were used. Reactions to the isolates were grouped into three classes: resistant, intermediate, and susceptible. Susceptible cultivars Sam and Fuchs were used as controls to estimate the degree of infection. The results of the screening test showed that 10 genotypes were classified as resistant. The second test based on 13 other isolates revealed that only four of the 10 genotypes were a valuable source of resistance against powdery mildew. The identified genotypes may be used in oat breeding programs to increase the level of resistance against powdery mildew. First, however, further studies aimed at identifying whether this resistance is conditioned by a single gene or combinations of different genes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Okoń
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ociepa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Koroluk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Chrząstek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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27
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Sowa S, Paczos-Grzęda E, Koroluk A, Okoń S, Ostrowska A, Ociepa T, Chrząstek M, Kowalczyk K. Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena magna, A. murphyi, and A. insularis. Plant Dis 2016; 100:1184-1191. [PMID: 30682272 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-15-0671-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wild oat tetraploids of the section Pachycarpa have already been proven to be a rich source of useful genes but have largely been unexploited for Puccinia coronata resistance. In this study, accessions of Avena magna, A. murphyi, and A. insularis gathered from European and North American gene banks were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using the host-pathogen test and six highly diverse and virulent P. coronata isolates. Of the 92 Avena accessions analyzed, 58.7% were resistant to at least one crown rust race. In all, 37% of the tested accessions reacted nonuniformly, which indicated their heterogeneity. The highest level of resistance was observed in three of the accessions, one of which was verified by flow cytometry as being hexaploid and two of which were verified as being tetraploids. The infection profiles of 19 accessions corresponded to resistance determined by the genes Pc14, Pc39, Pc40, Pc48, Pc50, Pc54, Pc55, Pc61, Pc67, Pc68, Pc97, Pc101, or Pc104. The patterns of infection of the remaining resistant A. magna and A. murphyi accessions allowed us to postulate the presence of potentially novel crown rust resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Koroluk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Okoń
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ociepa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Chrząstek
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Sowa S, Stankevič M, Szmigielska A, Małuszyńska H, Kozioł AE, Pietrusiewicz KM. Reduction of Functionalized Tertiary Phosphine Oxides with BH3. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1672-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Gliniana Street 33, Lublin 20-614, Poland
| | - Marek Stankevič
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Gliniana Street 33, Lublin 20-614, Poland
| | - Anna Szmigielska
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Gliniana Street 33, Lublin 20-614, Poland
| | - Hanna Małuszyńska
- Department
of Radiospectroscopy, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska Street 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna E. Kozioł
- Department
of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie Sklodowska Square 3, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - K. Michał Pietrusiewicz
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Gliniana Street 33, Lublin 20-614, Poland
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Sowa S, Mühlberg M, Pietrusiewicz KM, Hackenberger CPR. Traceless Staudinger acetylation of azides in aqueous buffers. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3465-72. [PMID: 23545137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of water-soluble p-dimethylaminoethyl substituted phosphinomethanethiol in acetyl transfer reactions by the traceless Staudinger ligation with unprotected ε-azido lysine containing peptides in aqueous buffer systems. Additionally, we present an improved synthesis pathway for the water-soluble phosphinothiol linkers requiring less steps in a comparable overall yield in comparison to previously published protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Sowa
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Department of Organic Chemistry, ul. Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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Carmichael D, Klankermayer J, Muller E, Pietrusiewicz KM, Ricard L, Seeboth N, Sowa S, Stankevič M. Synthesis and Evaluation of Side-Arm-Alkylated Phosphametallocene Phosphines. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100845p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Carmichael
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Eric Muller
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - K Michal Pietrusiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Marie-Curie Sklodowska University, ul. Gliniana 33/120, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Louis Ricard
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Seeboth
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Sylwia Sowa
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Marie-Curie Sklodowska University, ul. Gliniana 33/120, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Stankevič
- Laboratoire “Hétéroéléments et Coordination”, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Marie-Curie Sklodowska University, ul. Gliniana 33/120, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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Oleszczuk S, Sowa S, Zimny J. Androgenic response to preculture stress in microspore cultures of barley. Protoplasma 2006; 228:95-100. [PMID: 16937060 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-006-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Various stresses such as starvation and cold or heat shocks have been identified as triggers in the induction of the microspore embryogenesis. This study attempts to quantify the effects of different pretreatment conditions for successful microspore culture of malting barley (cv. Scarlett). While the sporophytic microspore development could be induced from treated and nontreated microspores, abiotic stress was essential for embryo formation and plant regeneration. The type of stress treatment applied affected the numbers and the ratios of albino and green plants regenerated, as well as their fertility. The highest number of green plants was obtained after the treatment of anthers in 0.3 M mannitol at 32 degrees C for 24 h before microspore culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oleszczuk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Blonie, Poland.
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Chabrol H, Callahan S, Pirlot G, Sztulman H, Peresson G, Teissedre F, Rousseau A, Armitage G, Sowa S, Walburg V. [Validity study of the DSQ-40 (Defense Style Questionnaire, 40-item version)]. Encephale 2005; 31:385-6. [PMID: 16149197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Oleszczuk S, Sowa S, Zimny J. Direct embryogenesis and green plant regeneration from isolated microspores of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) cv. Bogo. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 22:885-93. [PMID: 15108018 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Revised: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of doubled haploids improves the efficiency of cultivar development in many crops and can be helpful in genetic and molecular studies. The major problem with this approach is the low efficiency of green plant regeneration. We describe here an efficient method for inducing embryos and regenerating green plants directly from isolated microspores of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) cv. Bogo. The absence of growth regulators in the induction medium was the most effective condition for the formation of embryo-like structures. The highest induction rates were observed at microspore densities of 1.5x10(5) microspores and 2x10(5) microspores per milliliter. Such cultures produced an average of 54.9 green plants per single donor spike. The frequency of albino plants ranged from 9.3% to 22.9%. Among the green progeny tested, 30.8% were spontaneously doubled haploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oleszczuk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, 05-870, Radzikow, Blonie, Poland.
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Sowa AW, Guy PA, Sowa S, Hill RD. Nonsymbiotic haemoglobins in plants. Acta Biochim Pol 1999; 46:431-45. [PMID: 10547043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
General aspects regarding the presence of nonsymbiotic haemoglobin in plants are presented with the emphasis on those related to its function. As it becomes apparent that the nonsymbiotic haemoglobins are widespread across the plant kingdom and that they represent a more primitive and evolutionary older form of the plant globin genes, the question of their function becomes more attractive. While the physiological functions of the symbiotic haemoglobins in plants are well understood, almost nothing is known about their nonsymbiotic predecessors. Therefore, the known and hypothetical functions of haemoglobins in various systems are described along with information concerning properties and the regulation of expression of the nonsymbiotic haemoglobins. Interestingly, a number of nonsymbiotic haemoglobins have been shown to be hypoxia-inducible. The spatial and temporal pattern of this induction in barley may suggest that it is an integral part of the plants response to limiting oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Sowa
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Radzików, Błonie, Poland
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Abstract
General aspects regarding the presence of nonsymbiotic haemoglobin in plants are presented with the emphasis on those related to its function. As it becomes apparent that the nonsymbiotic haemoglobins are widespread across the plant kingdom and that they represent a more primitive and evolutionary older form of the plant globin genes, the question of their function becomes more attractive. While the physiological functions of the symbiotic haemoglobins in plants are well understood, almost nothing is known about their nonsymbiotic predecessors. Therefore, the known and hypothetical functions of haemoglobins in various systems are described along with information concerning properties and the regulation of expression of the nonsymbiotic haemoglobins. Interestingly, a number of nonsymbiotic haemoglobins have been shown to be hypoxia-inducible. The spatial and temporal pattern of this induction in barley may suggest that it is an integral part of the plants response to limiting oxygen stress.
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Sowa S. [Egypt--everything is different here. Report on a visit to a mission hospital in Egypt]. Kinderkrankenschwester 1998; 17:20-22. [PMID: 9485814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sowa
- Kinderkrankenschwester der kinderchirurgischen Station, Steinhagen
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Dolin PJ, Faal H, Johnson GJ, Minassian D, Sowa S, Day S, Ajewole J, Mohamed AA, Foster A. Reduction of trachoma in a sub-Saharan village in absence of a disease control programme. Lancet 1997; 349:1511-2. [PMID: 9167460 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)01355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trachoma is a leading cause of blindness in the developing world and is most prevalent among people who live in poor rural communities in arid locations. METHODS We analysed the results of surveys of trachoma prevalence in Marakissa, a rural village in The Gambia. These surveys were undertaken in 1959, by the Medical Research Council, and in 1987 and 1996 by the Gambian National Eye Care Programme. FINDINGS During this 37-year period, the prevalence of active inflammatory trachoma among children aged 0-9 years fell from 65.7 cases per 100 children in 1959 to 2.4 cases per 100 children in 1996. The prevalence also fell dramatically among people of 10-19 years (52.5 to 1.4 per 100) and among people of 20 years and older (36.7 to 0 cases per 100). INTERPRETATION The dramatic fall in disease occurrence was paralleled by improvements in sanitation, water supply, education, and access to health care in the village. Of particular importance is that the decline in trachoma occurred without any trachoma-specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Dolin
- International Centre for Eye Health, University College London, UK
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Sowa S, Masumi N, Inouye Y, Nakamura S, Takesue Y, Yokoyama T. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates to various antimicrobial agents. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1991; 40:137-44. [PMID: 1797744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance patterns against 23 antimicrobial agents were examined for 42 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Thirty-four strains were isolated at Hiroshima University Hospital during 1984-1990 and 8 strains were collected in Tokushima city in 1986. Overall resistance to the antimicrobial agents in clinical use is summarized as follows: methicillin 100%, flomoxef 93% (beta-lactams); kanamycin 98%, tobramycin 88%, amikacin 83%, isepamicin 81%, gentamicin 60%, dibekacin 64%, arbekacin 0% (aminocyclitol aminoglycosides); ofloxacin 31%, TA-167 33% (fluoroquinolones); erythromycin 100%, clarithromycin 100%, josamycin 71% (macrolides); vancomycin 0% (glycopeptide); tetracycline 43%, minocycline 31% (tetracyclines); fosfomycin 93%. The MRSA strains remained susceptible to the non-clinical peptide group of antibiotics except for mikamycin B: mikamycin A 2%, mikamycin B 69%, nosiheptide 0%, bottromycin A2 0%, bottromycin D-1 0%, bottromycin D-2 0%. Since April 1990, the MRSA strains isolated at Hiroshima University Hospital showed a tendency to acquire resistance to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones and to lose mikamycin B-resistance. As of August 1990, none of the MRSA strains isolated at Hiroshima University Hospital was resistant to vancomycin and arbekacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sowa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy was used to examine suspension-cultured pear (Pyrus communis L.) and Spartina pectinata cells. Noninvasive measurements were made using internal reflectance sampling. Spectra of actively growing cells exhibited a pronounced absorbance at 2343 reciprocal centimeters. The absorbance peak was identified and verified as CO(2) dissolved in water. This peak was absent in nonviable cells. Peak height was directly proportional to percent viability in artificial mixtures of viable and nonviable cells, indicating that the level of intracellular CO(2) production could be used as a viability determinant for plant cells. Suspension-cultured cells were slowly cooled to subzero temperatures and analyzed for viability using infrared spectroscopy and tetrazolium staining. Both methods showed similar trends in viability assessment. Infrared spectroscopy could provide a more detailed understanding of cell viability and allow measurement on a noninvasive basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sowa
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Abstract
A population based survey of blindness and eye disease has been conducted throughout the whole country of The Gambia, and 8174 people were examined. The prevalence of blindness (best acuity less than 3/60) was 0.7% and low vision (6/24-3/60) 1.4%. The causes of blindness were cataract (55%), non-trachomatous corneal opacity/phthisis (20%), and trachoma (17%). An estimated 5500 people in The Gambia require cataract surgery, 4600 eyelid surgery for entropion, and 4600 people spectacles to correct a refractive error which causes a visual acuity of less than 6/18. More than half the current burden of blindness in The Gambia is potentially remediable through the provision of cataract surgery and aphakic spectacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Faal
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Banjul
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Krugman ME, Sowa S. Enterostomal hydrocolloid materials. Ear Nose Throat J 1988; 67:696. [PMID: 3240745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Sowa S, Dong A, Roos EE, Caughey WS. The anesthetic nitrous oxide affects dioxygen utilization by bovine heart and bean seed mitochondrial particles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 144:643-8. [PMID: 3034260 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(87)80014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide affects dioxygen utilization by both bean seed and bovine heart submitochondrial particles when either succinate or reduced cytochrome c are used as substrates. Bovine heart particles exhibit reversible, dose-dependent partial inhibition of respiratory activity when exposed to N2O. Bean seed particle respiration is stimulated by low levels of N2O, but higher concentrations are inhibitory. These findings can be explained in terms of one locus of anesthetic action: cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Alterations in respiration rates are expected to make important contributions to anesthesia in animals and to control of germination in plants.
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Sowa J, Collier LH, Sowa S. Serotypes of trachoma agent isolated in the Gambia: with an observation on the relation between serotype and morphology. J Hyg (Lond) 1974; 72:389-95. [PMID: 4135585 PMCID: PMC2130523 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400023627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Of 60 TRIC agents isolated from Gambian children with trachoma, 25 were serotype 1 and the remainder type 2. There was a pronounced difference in the proportions of these types in the two villages studied. In the village with a predominance of type 2 strains, TRIC agents remained confined to 2 adjacent compounds over a 14 month observation period. All 19 type 1 strains examined were characterized by the appearance in yolk sac smears of compact aggregates of elementary bodies; such aggregates were seen in only 2 of 35 type 2 strains, and may reflect a chemical difference in the surface of the elementary bodies or in a substance elaborated during their replication.
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Abstract
Ninety-nine young Gambian children were studied for 61 weeks. About half of them had trachoma at the outset, and 80% of the remainder acquired the disease while under observation. IgG trachoma antibody in the serum and IgG and IgA antibodies in the conjunctival secretions (CS) were titrated by an indirect immunofluorescence method. In serum samples obtained in capillary tubes the mean titre was slightly higher than in samples collected on filter paper. Serum antibody at titres >/= 1/10 was invariably associated with a clinical diagnosis of trachoma; it increased both in frequency and titre as the disease progressed, and was present in about half of those with Tr II. In CS, IgG antibody was present less often and at lower titres than in serum, and IgA antibody was detected even less frequently. There was some evidence of correlation between the titres of IgG and IgA antibodies in CS, but none for a relationship between the titres of the antibodies in serum and those in CS. Antibodies were almost never present in the absence of conjunctival follicles, but their titres were unrelated to the degree of follicular hyperplasia; there was no obvious relationship between the serological findings and corneal lesions. In children diagnosed clinically as trachoma, serum antibody was present in almost all those with conjunctival inclusions, and in a proportion of inclusion-negative subjects; the mean titre was much higher in the inclusion-positive group.These findings do not settle whether CS antibodies are made locally, or are derived partly or wholly from the blood. They suggest that the indirect immunofluorescence test may be a useful diagnostic aid in trachoma, particularly in view of the rarity of false positive reactions; but there is at present little to choose between it and complement-fixation tests in terms of sensitivity.
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Sowa J, Collier LH, Sowa S. A comparison of the iodine and fluorescent antibody methods for staining trachoma inclusions in the conjunctiva. J Hyg (Lond) 1971; 69:693-708. [PMID: 4109203 PMCID: PMC2131038 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400021963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In terms of the rate of positive diagnoses the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) test was rather more effective than iodine for demonstrating trachoma (TRIC) inclusions in conjunctival scrapings, but the degree of advantage was not statistically significant. In duplicate scrapings stained at random by one or the other method, FA staining yielded the higher inclusion count significantly more often than did iodine. Some inclusions that failed to stain with FA were found on subsequent staining with Giemsa. A method is described for improving the post-FA Giemsa staining of conjunctival smears stored at subzero temperatures. Given adequate facilities, the FA stain is preferable to iodine for demonstrating TRIC inclusions in the conjunctiva; but the iodine method, properly used, holds advantages for field use.
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Abstract
SUMMARYThe ability of two live trachoma vaccines to protect against naturally acquired infection was tested in young Gambian children. With a mineral oil adjuvant vaccine prepared from a Gambian strain of trachoma (MRC–187) a barely significant measure of protection was demonstrable 6 months after the first dose, but not at 1 year, despite a reinforcing dose given 6 months after the first. In a later trial an aqueous vaccine prepared from the ‘fast-killing’ variants of strains ‘SA–2’ and ‘ASGH’ failed to induce immunity. Two years after vaccination, the proportion of vaccinated children progressing to cicatricial trachoma was less than in the controls, and the average severity of the disease in terms of clinical score was greater; vaccine-induced hypersensitivity may have contributed to this result.Irrespective of whether they had received trachoma vaccine, children with completely normal eyes at the outset were less likely to acquire trachoma than those with slight conjunctival folliculosis or papillary hyperplasia. In children acquiring trachoma, there was a highly significant positive correlation between severity of the disease and the presence of conjunctival inclusions. The pattern of trachoma differed significantly in the two villages used in both trials; the prev alence, severity and proportion of inclusion-positive subjects were all higher in the village with the greater population density.An efficient follow-up organization, use of a slit-lamp for clinical observations, and a scoring system for recording physical signs are all desirable for trachoma vaccine field trials.We are highly indebted to Dr G. Turner (Lister Institute, Elstree, Herts) for his assistance in making the vaccine used for Trial II; to Dr N. M. Lam (Pfizer Ltd.) and Dr C. H. Smith (Evans Medical Ltd.) for making the Trial III vaccine; to Dr I. A. Sutherland (M.R.C. Statistical Unit) for his advice and help with the statistical aspects; to the Pennsylvania Refinery Co. Inc. for a generous gift of Drakeol 6 VR; and to Mr M. Race for his invaluable technical assistance in The Gambia. We are also grateful to the Director and staff of the M.R.C. Laboratories, The Gambia, for various facilities; and to The Gambian Government for per mission to undertake these trials.
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