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Ludwanowski S, Skarsetz O, Creusen G, Hoenders D, Straub P, Walther A. Wavelength-Gated Adaptation of Hydrogel Properties via Photo-Dynamic Multivalency in Associative Star Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4358-4367. [PMID: 33180989 PMCID: PMC7898538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Responsive materials, such as switchable hydrogels, have been largely engineered for maximum changes between two states. In contrast, adaptive systems target distinct functional plateaus between these maxima. Here, we demonstrate how the photostationary state (PSS) of an E/Z-arylazopyrazole photoswitch can be tuned by the incident wavelength across a wide color spectrum, and how this behavior can be exploited to engineer the photo-dynamic mechanical properties of hydrogels based on multivalent photoswitchable interactions. We show that these hydrogels adapt to the wavelength-dependent PSS and the number of arylazopyrazole units by programmable relationships. Hence, our material design enables the facile adjustment of the mechanical properties without laborious synthetic efforts. The concept goes beyond the classical switching from state A to B, and demonstrates pathways for a truly wavelength-gated adaptation of hydrogel properties potentially useful to engineer cell fate or in soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ludwanowski
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Oliver Skarsetz
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Creusen
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Paula Straub
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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Ludwanowski S, Skarsetz O, Creusen G, Hoenders D, Straub P, Walther A. Wellenlängengesteuerte Adaption der Hydrogeleigenschaften durch Photodynamische Multivalenz in Assoziierenden Sternpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ludwanowski
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Skarsetz
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Guido Creusen
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive und Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Fachbereich Chemie Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Paula Straub
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Cluster livMatS @ FIT – Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Cluster livMatS @ FIT – Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive und Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Fachbereich Chemie Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Jaramillo-Cano D, Camargo M, Likos CN, Gârlea IC. Dynamical Properties of Concentrated Suspensions of Block Copolymer Stars in Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2020; 53:10015-10027. [PMID: 33335338 PMCID: PMC7735753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer stars (BCSs) have been demonstrated to constitute versatile, self-assembling building blocks with tunable softness, functionalization, and shape. We investigate the dynamical properties of suspensions of short-arm BCSs under linear shear flow by means of extensive particle-based multiscale simulations. We determine the properties of the system for representative values of monomer packing fraction ranging from semidilute to concentrate regimes. We systematically analyze the formed network structures as a function of both shear rate and packing fraction, the reorganization of solvophobic patches, and the corresponding radial correlation functions. Connecting our findings with rheology, we calculate the viscosity as a function of shear rate and discuss the implications of the found shear thinning behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Jaramillo-Cano
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Camargo
- CICBA & FIMEB, Universidad Antonio Nariño, 760030 Cali, Colombia
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ioana C. Gârlea
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Yang J, Wang R, Xie D. Self-organization in suspensions of telechelic star polymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brush-modified materials: Control of molecular architecture, assembly behavior, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Golkaram M, Loos K. A Critical Approach to Polymer Dynamics in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:9427-9444. [PMID: 31894159 PMCID: PMC6933822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the concurrent (1) development of polymer synthesis and (2) introduction of new mathematical models for polymer dynamics have evolved the classical framework for polymer dynamics once established by Doi-Edwards/de Gennes. Although the analysis of supramolecular polymer dynamics based on linear rheology has improved a lot recently, there are a large number of insecurities behind the conclusions, which originate from the complexity of these novel systems. The interdependent effect of supramolecular entities (stickers) and chain dynamics can be overwhelming depending on the type and location of stickers as well as the architecture and chemistry of polymers. This Perspective illustrates these parameters and strives to determine what is still missing and has to be improved in the future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Golkaram
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry
and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gârlea IC, Jaramillo-Cano D, Likos CN. Self-organization of gel networks formed by block copolymer stars. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3527-3540. [PMID: 30944917 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium properties of block copolymer star networks (BCS) are studied via computer simulations. We employ both molecular dynamics and multiparticle collisional dynamics simulations to investigate the self-organization of BCS with f = 9 functionalized arms close to their overlap concentrations under conditions of different fractions of functionalization and varying attraction strength. We find three distinct macroscopic self-organized states depending on fraction of attractive end-monomers and the strength of the attraction. At weak attractions, ergodic, diffusive liquids result, with short-lived bonds between the stars. As the attraction strength grows, the whole system forms a percolating cluster, while at the same time the individual molecules are diffusive. Finally, arrested gels emerge when the attractions become strong. The conformation of the BCS in these solutions is found to be strongly affected by the concentration, with the stars assuming typically spherical, open configurations in seeking to maximize inter-star associations as opposed to the inter-star collapse that results at infinite dilution, giving rise to strongly aspherical shapes and reduced sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana C Gârlea
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Lentzakis H, Costanzo S, Vlassopoulos D, Colby RH, Read DJ, Lee H, Chang T, van Ruymbeke E. Constraint Release Mechanisms for H-Polymers Moving in Linear Matrices of Varying Molar Masses. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lentzakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Salvatore Costanzo
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Heraklion, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel Jon Read
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Hyojoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Evelyne van Ruymbeke
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute on Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain 1348, Belgium
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Schamboeck V, Iedema PD, Kryven I. Dynamic Networks that Drive the Process of Irreversible Step-Growth Polymerization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2276. [PMID: 30783151 PMCID: PMC6381213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many research fields, reaching from social networks and epidemiology to biology and physics, have experienced great advance from recent developments in random graphs and network theory. In this paper we propose a generic model of step-growth polymerisation as a promising application of the percolation on a directed random graph. This polymerisation process is used to manufacture a broad range of polymeric materials, including: polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, and many others. We link features of step-growth polymerisation to the properties of the directed configuration model. In this way, we obtain new analytical expressions describing the polymeric microstructure and compare them to data from experiments and computer simulations. The molecular weight distribution is related to the sizes of connected components, gelation to the emergence of the giant component, and the molecular gyration radii to the Wiener index of these components. A model on this level of generality is instrumental in accelerating the design of new materials and optimizing their properties, as well as it provides a vital link between network science and experimentally observable physics of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schamboeck
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands.
| | - Piet D Iedema
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Kryven
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
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Dong F, Wang X, Li S, Hao J, Tang X, Kuang R, Wang Y, Feng S. Applications of α, ω-telechelic polydimethylsiloxane as cross-linkers for preparing high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Dong
- Institute of New Materials; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250357 P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jinan 250101 P. R. China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- Institute of New Materials; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250357 P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Institute of New Materials; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250357 P. R. China
| | - Xinde Tang
- Institute of New Materials; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250357 P. R. China
| | - Rui Kuang
- Institute of New Materials; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250357 P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Institute of New Materials; Shandong Jiaotong University; Jinan 250357 P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University); Ministry of Education; Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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Metri V, Briels WJ. Brownian dynamics investigation of the Boltzmann superposition principle for orthogonal superposition rheology. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:014903. [PMID: 30621405 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The most general linear equation describing the stress response at time t to a time-dependent shearing perturbation may be written as the integral over the past history t' of a time dependent relaxation modulus, depending on t - t', multiplied by the perturbing shear rate at time t'. This is in agreement with the Boltzmann superposition principle, which says that the stress response of a system to a time dependent shearing deformation may be written as the sum of responses to a sequence of step-strain perturbations in the past. In equilibrium rheology, the Boltzmann superposition principle gives rise to the equality of the shear relaxation modulus, obtained from oscillatory experiments, and the stress relaxation modulus measured after a step-strain perturbation. In this paper, we describe the results of Brownian dynamics simulations of a simple soft matter system showing that the same conclusion does not hold when the system is steadily sheared in a direction perpendicular to the probing flows, and with a gradient parallel to that of the probing deformations, as in orthogonal superposition rheology. In fact, we find that the oscillatory relaxation modulus differs from the step-strain modulus even for the smallest orthogonal shear flows that we could simulate. We do find, however, that the initial or plateau levels of both methods agree and provide an equation relating the plateau value to the perturbation of the pair-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Metri
- Computational Chemical Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - W J Briels
- Computational Chemical Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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