1
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Bisht A, Goh KKT, Sims IM, Edwards PJB, Matia-Merino L. Does harvesting age matter? Changes in structure and rheology of a shear-thickening polysaccharide from Cyathea medullaris as a function of age. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121757. [PMID: 38286538 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A shear-thickening polysaccharide from the New Zealand Black tree fern (Cyathea medullaris, commonly known as mamaku) extracted from different age fronds (stage 1: young, stage 2: fully grown and stage 3: old) was characterised in terms of structure and rheological properties. Constituent sugar analysis and 1H and 13C NMR revealed a repeating backbone of -4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1→, for all mamaku polysaccharide (MP) samples from different age fronds without any alterations in molecular structure. However, the molecular weight (Mw) was reduced with increasing age, from ~4.1 × 106 to ~2.1 × 106 Da from stage 1 to stage 3, respectively. This decrease in Mw (and size) consequently reduced the shear viscosity (ηs-Stage 1 > ηs-Stage 2 > ηs-Stage 3). However, the extent of shear-thickening and uniaxial extensional viscosity of MP stage 2 was greater than MP stage 1, which was attributed to a greater intermolecular interaction occurring in the former. Shear-thickening behaviour was not observed in MP stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bisht
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Kelvin K T Goh
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Patrick J B Edwards
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Lara Matia-Merino
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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2
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G Lopez C, Matsumoto A, Shen AQ. Dilute polyelectrolyte solutions: recent progress and open questions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2635-2687. [PMID: 38427030 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are a class of polymers possessing ionic groups on their repeating units. Since counterions can dissociate from the polymer backbone, polyelectrolyte chains are strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions. As a result, the physical properties of polyelectrolyte solutions are significantly different from those of electrically neutral polymers. The aim of this article is to highlight key results and some outstanding questions in the polyelectrolyte research from recent literature. We focus on the influence of electrostatics on conformational and hydrodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte chains. A compilation of experimental results from the literature reveals significant disparities with theoretical predictions. We also discuss a new class of polyelectrolytes called poly(ionic liquid)s that exhibit unique physical properties in comparison to ordinary polyelectrolytes. We conclude this review by listing some key research challenges in order to fully understand the conformation and dynamics of polyelectrolytes in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui City, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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3
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Al Zahabi K, Hassan L, Maldonado R, Boehm MW, Baier SK, Sharma V. Pinching dynamics, extensional rheology, and stringiness of saliva substitutes. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2547-2561. [PMID: 38407364 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01662e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Saliva substitutes are human-made formulations extensively used in medicine, food, and pharmaceutical research to emulate human saliva's biochemical, tribological, and rheological properties. Even though extensional flows involving saliva are commonly encountered in situations such as swallowing, coughing, sneezing, licking, drooling, gleeking, and blowing spit bubbles, rheological evaluations of saliva and its substitutes in most studies rely on measured values of shear viscosity. Natural saliva possesses stringiness or spinnbarkeit, governed by extensional rheology response, which cannot be evaluated or anticipated from the knowledge of shear rheology response. In this contribution, we comprehensively examine the rheology of twelve commercially available saliva substitutes using torsional rheometry for rate-dependent shear viscosity and dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) protocols for extensional rheology characterization. Even though most formulations are marketed as having suitable rheology, only three displayed measurable viscoelasticity and strain-hardening. Still, these too, failed to emulate the viscosity reduction with the shear rate observed for saliva or match perceived stringiness. Finally, we explore the challenges in creating saliva-like formulations for dysphagia patients and opportunities for using DoS rheometry for diagnostics and designing biomimetic fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Al Zahabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Lena Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Ramiro Maldonado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | - Stefan K Baier
- Motif FoodWorks Inc., Boston, MA 02210, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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4
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Nikolova NN, Martínez Narváez CDV, Hassan L, Nicholson RA, Boehm MW, Baier SK, Sharma V. Rheology and dispensing of real and vegan mayo: the chickpea or egg problem. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9413-9427. [PMID: 38014426 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The rheology, stability, texture, and taste of mayonnaise, a dense oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, are determined by interfacially active egg lipids and proteins. Often mayonnaise is presented as a challenging example of an egg-based food material that is hard to emulate using plant-based or vegan ingredients. In this contribution, we characterize the flow behavior of animal-based and plant-based mayo emulsions, seeking to decipher the signatures that make the real mayonnaise into such an appetizing complex fluid. We find that commercially available vegan mayos can emulate the apparent yield stress and shear thinning of yolk-based mayonnaise by the combined influence of plant-based proteins (like those extracted from chickpeas) and polysaccharide thickeners. However, we show that the dispensing and dipping behavior of egg-based and vegan mayos display striking differences in neck shape, sharpness, and length. The ratio of apparent extensional to shear yield stress value is found to be larger than the theoretically predicted square root of three for all mayo emulsions. The analysis of neck radius evolution of these extension thinning yield stress fluids reveals that even when the power law exponent governing the intermediate pinching dynamics is similar to the exponent obtained from the shear flow curve, the terminal pinching dynamics show strong local effects, possibly influenced by interstitial fluid properties, finite drop size and deformations, and capillarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Nikolova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | - Lena Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | | | - Stefan K Baier
- Motif FoodWorks Inc., Boston, MA 02210, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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5
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The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041051. [PMID: 36850333 PMCID: PMC9961469 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to understanding the role of elasticity in the main flow modes of polymeric viscoelastic liquids-shearing and extension. The flow through short capillaries is the central topic for discussing the input of elasticity to the effects, which are especially interesting for shear. An analysis of the experimental data made it possible to show that the energy losses in such flows are determined by the Deborah and Weissenberg numbers. These criteria are responsible for abnormally high entrance effects, as well as for mechanical losses in short capillaries. In addition, the Weissenberg number determines the threshold of the flow instability due to the liquid-to-solid transition. In extension, this criterion shows whether deformation takes place as flow or as elastic strain. However, the stability of a free jet in extension depends not only on the viscoelastic properties of a polymeric substance but also on the driving forces: gravity, surface tension, etc. An analysis of the influence of different force combinations on the shape of the stretched jet is presented. The concept of the role of elasticity in the deformation of polymeric liquids is crucial for any kind of polymer processing.
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6
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Kongjaroen A, Methacanon P, Seetapan N, Fuongfuchat A, Gamonpilas C, Nishinari K. Effects of dispersing media on the shear and extensional rheology of xanthan gum and guar gum-based thickeners used for dysphagia management. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Jimenez LN, Martínez Narváez CDV, Sharma V. Solvent Properties Influence the Rheology and Pinching Dynamics of Polyelectrolyte Solutions: Thickening the Pot with Glycerol and Cellulose Gum. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Nallely Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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8
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Lauser KT, Rueter AL, Calabrese MA. Polysorbate identity and quantity dictate the extensional flow properties of protein‐excipient solutions. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Lauser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Amy L. Rueter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Michelle A. Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
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9
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Gu C, Du Z, Ouyang X, Xiang H, Zhu M, Luo J, LIU G. Pinching Dynamics of Telechelic Associating and Coupling Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhukang Du
- Dongguan Computer Center, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Xikai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jintian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - GengXin LIU
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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10
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Varma SC, Rajput AS, Kumar A. Rheocoalescence: Relaxation Time through Coalescence of Droplets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Chandra Varma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abhineet Singh Rajput
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aloke Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Subbotin AV, Semenov AN. Dynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions at the Final Stages of Capillary Thinning. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Subbotin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect 29, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Semenov
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR 22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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12
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Merchiers J, Reddy NK, Sharma V. Extensibility-Enriched Spinnability and Enhanced Sorption and Strength of Centrifugally Spun Polystyrene Fiber Mats. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorgo Merchiers
- Institute for Materials research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Naveen K. Reddy
- Institute for Materials research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC vzw-Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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13
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Merchiers J, Martínez Narváez CDV, Slykas C, Reddy NK, Sharma V. Evaporation and Rheology Chart the Processability Map for Centrifugal Force Spinning. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorgo Merchiers
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC vzw−Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Cheryl Slykas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Naveen K. Reddy
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC vzw−Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
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14
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Lopez CG, Linders J, Mayer C, Richtering W. Diffusion and Viscosity of Unentangled Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G. Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Linders
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Martínez Narváez CDV, Mazur T, Sharma V. Dynamics and extensional rheology of polymer-surfactant association complexes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6116-6126. [PMID: 34076659 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and characterizing the influence of polymers and surfactants on rheology, application, and processing is critical for designing complex fluid formulations for enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, inks, agricultural sprays, and coatings. It is well-established that the addition of anionic surfactant like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to an aqueous solution of an oppositely-charged or uncharged polymer like poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) can result in the formation of the polymer-surfactant association complexes (P0S-ACs) and a non-monotonic concentration-dependent variation in zero shear viscosity. However, the extensional rheology response of polymer-surfactant mixtures remains relatively poorly understood, partially due to characterization challenges that arise for low viscosity, low elasticity fluids, even though the response to strong extensional flows impacts drop formation and many processing operations. In this article, we use the recently developed dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry protocols to characterize the pinching dynamics and extensional rheology response of aqueous P0S- solutions formulated with PEO (P0) and SDS (S-), respectively. We find the PEO-SDS mixtures display a significantly weaker concentration-dependent variation in the extensional relaxation time, filament lifespan, and extensional viscosity values than anticipated by the measured shear viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Mazur
- Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 W. Taylor St, IL 60608, USA.
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16
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Wu D, Shi Y, Lv K, Wei B, Zhu Y, Yin H, Feng Y. Tunable Viscoelastic Properties of Sodium Polyacrylate Solution via CO 2-Responsive Switchable Water. Molecules 2021; 26:3840. [PMID: 34202451 PMCID: PMC8270326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon stimulus by CO2, CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids experience a deliberate transition between non-viscous and highly viscous solution states. Despite attracting considerable recent attention, most such fluids have not been applied at a large- scale due to their high costs and/or complex synthesis processes. Here, we report the development of CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids using commercially available sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) and N,N-dimethyl ethanol amine (DMEA)-based switchable water. Upon bubbling CO2, into the solutions under study, DMEA molecules are protonated to generate quaternary ammonium salts, resulting in pronounced decreases in solutions viscosity and elasticity due to the influence of increased ionic strength on NaPAA molecular conformations. Upon removal of CO2 via introduction of N2, quaternary salts are deprotonated to tertiary amines, allowing recovery of fluid viscosity and elasticity to near the initial state. This work provides a simple approach to fabricating CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids, widening the potential use of CO2 in stimuli-responsive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (D.W.); (B.W.)
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Yiwen Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Kun Lv
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Bing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China; (D.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Youyi Zhu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Hongyao Yin
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Yujun Feng
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
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17
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Martínez Narváez CDV, Dinic J, Lu X, Wang C, Rock R, Sun H, Sharma V. Rheology and Pinching Dynamics of Associative Polysaccharide Solutions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Reza Rock
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Coatings Innovation Center, PPG Industries, Inc., 4325 Rosanna Drive, Allison Park, Pennsylvania 15101, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
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18
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Matsumoto A, Yoshizawa R, Urakawa O, Inoue T, Shen AQ. Rheological Scaling of Ionic Liquid-Based Polyelectrolytes in the Semidilute Unentangled Regime from Low to High Salt Concentrations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryota Yoshizawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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19
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Jimenez LN, Martínez Narváez CDV, Xu C, Bacchi S, Sharma V. The rheologically-complex fluid beauty of nail lacquer formulations. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5197-5213. [PMID: 33942820 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nail lacquer formulations are multi-ingredient complex fluids with additives that affect color, smell, texture, evaporation rate, viscosity, stability, leveling behavior, consumer's sensory experience, and dried coating's decorative and wear performance. Optimizing and characterizing the formulation rheology is critical for achieving longer shelf-life, better control over the nail painting process and adhesion, continuous manufacturing of large product volumes, and increasing overall consumer satisfaction. Dispensing, bottle filling, brush application, and dripping, as well as perceived tackiness of nail polishes, all involve capillarity-driven pinching flows associated with strong extensional deformation fields. However, a significant lack of characterization of pinching dynamics and extensional rheology response of multicomponent formulations, especially particle suspensions in viscoelastic solutions, motivates this study. Here, we characterize the shear rheology response of twelve commercial nail lacquer formulations using torsional rheometry and characterize pinching dynamics and extensional rheology response using dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry protocols we developed. We visualize and analyze brush loading, nail coating, dripping from brush, sagging, and lacquer application on a nail to outline the challenges posed by free-surface flows and non-Newtonian rheology. We find that the radius evolution over time obtained using DoS rheometry displays power law exponents distinct from those exhibited in shear thinning. Both shear and extensional viscosity decrease with deformation rate. However, the extensional viscosity appears to be rate-independent at the highest rates and displays nearly an order of magnitude larger values than the high shear rate viscosity. We envision that the findings and protocols described here will help and motivate industrial scientists to design better multicomponent formulations through a better characterization and understanding of the influence of ingredients like particles and polymers on rheology, processing, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Nallely Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
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20
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Dinic J, Sharma V. Flexibility, Extensibility, and Ratio of Kuhn Length to Packing Length Govern the Pinching Dynamics, Coil-Stretch Transition, and Rheology of Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60608, United States
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21
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Dinic J, Sharma V. Power Laws Dominate Shear and Extensional Rheology Response and Capillarity-Driven Pinching Dynamics of Entangled Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60608 Illinois, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60608 Illinois, United States
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22
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Browne CA, Shih A, Datta SS. Pore-Scale Flow Characterization of Polymer Solutions in Microfluidic Porous Media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903944. [PMID: 31602809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer solutions are frequently used in enhanced oil recovery and groundwater remediation to improve the recovery of trapped nonaqueous fluids. However, applications are limited by an incomplete understanding of the flow in porous media. The tortuous pore structure imposes both shear and extension, which elongates polymers; moreover, the flow is often at large Weissenberg numbers, Wi, at which polymer elasticity in turn strongly alters the flow. This dynamic elongation can even produce flow instabilities with strong spatial and temporal fluctuations despite the low Reynolds number, Re. Unfortunately, macroscopic approaches are limited in their ability to characterize the pore-scale flow. Thus, understanding how polymer conformations, flow dynamics, and pore geometry together determine these nontrivial flow patterns and impact macroscopic transport remains an outstanding challenge. This review describes how microfluidic tools can shed light on the physics underlying the flow of polymer solutions in porous media at high Wi and low Re. Specifically, microfluidic studies elucidate how steady and unsteady flow behavior depends on pore geometry and solution properties, and how polymer-induced effects impact nonaqueous fluid recovery. This work thus provides new insights for polymer dynamics, non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, and applications such as enhanced oil recovery and groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Shih
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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23
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Kim SG, Lee HS. Concentration Dependence of the Extensional Relaxation Time and Finite Extensibility in Dilute and Semidilute Polymer Solutions Using a Microfluidic Rheometer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Gyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
| | - Heon Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
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24
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Różańska S, Verbeke K, Różański J, Clasen C, Wagner P. Capillary breakup extensional rheometry of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in water and propylene glycol/water mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Różańska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Faculty of Chemical TechnologyPoznan University of Technology Berdychowo 4, PL 61‐131 Poznan Poland
| | - Karel Verbeke
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jacek Różański
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Faculty of Chemical TechnologyPoznan University of Technology Berdychowo 4, PL 61‐131 Poznan Poland
| | - Christian Clasen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrycja Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Faculty of Chemical TechnologyPoznan University of Technology Berdychowo 4, PL 61‐131 Poznan Poland
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25
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Lopez CG, Richtering W. Viscosity of Semidilute and Concentrated Nonentangled Flexible Polyelectrolytes in Salt-Free Solution. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5626-5634. [PMID: 31124680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report viscosity data of nonentangled sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) in salt-free aqueous solution as a function of polymer concentration ( c) and degree of polymerization ( N). Different empirical equations are examined and found not to describe the semidilute solution viscosity over a wide concentration range and/or to yield values of [η] that do not match dilute solution measurements. Deviations from the scaling prediction of ηsp ∝ c1/2 (Fuoss' law) are observed at high concentrations. Specifically, we find ηsp ≈ N1.26 c1/2 e1.4 c in the semidilute regime, which agrees with the scaling prediction only for c ≲ 0.02 M. The viscosity data presented in this study and in earlier reports show a high degree of consistency. A comparison with diffusion measurements for NaPSS in salt-free solution by Oostwal and co-workers suggests that the disagreement between the scaling theory and experiments does not arise solely from the concentration dependence of the monomeric friction coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 2 , 52056 Aachen , Germany
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26
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Dinic J, Sharma V. Macromolecular relaxation, strain, and extensibility determine elastocapillary thinning and extensional viscosity of polymer solutions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8766-8774. [PMID: 30979802 PMCID: PMC6500132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820277116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed capillary break-up of viscoelastic filaments presents scientific and technical challenges relevant for drop formation, dispensing, and adhesion in industrial and biological applications. The flow kinematics are primarily dictated by the viscoelastic stresses contributed by the polymers that are stretched and oriented in a strong extensional flow field resulting from the streamwise gradients created by the capillarity-driven squeeze flow. After an initial inertiocapillary (IC) or viscocapillary (VC) regime, where elastic effects seem to play no role, the interplay of capillarity and viscoelasticity can lead to an elastocapillary (EC) response characterized by exponentially-slow thinning of neck radius (extensional relaxation time is determined from the delay constant). Less frequently, a terminal visco-elastocapillary (TVEC) response with linear decay in radius can be observed and used for measuring terminal, steady extensional viscosity. However, both IC/VC-EC and EC-TVEC transitions are inaccessible in devices that create stretched necks by applying a step strain to a liquid bridge (e.g., capillary breakup extensional rheometer). In this study, we use dripping-onto-substrate rheometry to obtain radius evolution data for unentangled polymer solutions. We deduce that the plots of transient extensional viscosity vs. Hencky strain (scaled by the respective values at the EC-TVEC transition) emulate the functional form of the birefringence-macromolecular strain relationship based on Peterlin's theory. We quantify the duration and strain between the IC/VC-EC and the EC-TVEC transitions using measures we term elastocapillary span and elastocapillary strain increment and find both measures show values directly correlated with the corresponding variation in extensional relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
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27
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Chen L, Wang Y, Peng X, Zhu Q, Zhang K. Impact Dynamics of Aqueous Polymer Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Chen
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yonggui Wang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Affiliated Hospital
of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
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