1
|
Naweephattana P, Walaijai K, Rungnim C, Luanphaisarnnont T, Watthanaphanit A, Patthamasang S, Phiriyawirut P, Surawatanawong P. The role of organoaluminum and electron donors in propene insertion on the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11050-11059. [PMID: 38885064 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl aluminium plays a primary role in activating Ti within Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts for propylene polymerization. We performed density functional calculations to explore the additional roles of AlEt3 and AlEt2Cl, in conjunction with diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) internal donor and dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane (DCPDMS) external donor, to enhance the stereoselectivity of propene insertion. Based on our calculated adsorption energies on the (MgCl2)13/TiCl2iBu cluster model for the ZN catalyst, the presence of DIBP on the cluster essentially facilitated AlEt2Cl adsorption while AlEt2Cl also promoted the adsorption of DIBP. The reaction between AlEt3 and DIBP on the cluster led to the extraction of DIBP, creating an available site for DCPDMS adsorption. While the stereoselectivity, represented by the difference in the activation energies between 1,2-re and 1,2-si insertions of propene, was negligible on the cluster containing only DIBP, it became significant on the clusters containing both AlEt2Cl and DIBP (and DCPDMS). AlEt2Cl plays a pivotal role in imposing steric effects near the Ti active site, thereby increasing stereoselectivity. Our findings suggest the importance of including AlEt2Cl alongside DIBP (and DCPDMS) in the ZN cluster model to investigate stereoselective propene insertion. Considering AlEt2Cl adsorption and AlEt3 reaction with internal donors is essential in developing Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phiphob Naweephattana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Khanittha Walaijai
- SCG Chemicals, Co., Ltd., 1 Siam Cement Road, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Rungnim
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Torsak Luanphaisarnnont
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Anyarat Watthanaphanit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulyabin PS, Sharikov MI, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Goryunov GP, Alexeev NV, Uborsky DV, Vittoria A, Antinucci G, Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ. Triptycene as a scaffold in metallocene catalyzed olefin polymerization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9516-9525. [PMID: 38767874 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A set of metallocene olefin polymerization catalysts bearing triptycene moieties in either position 4-5 (complexes Ty1-Ty5) or in position 5-6 (complexes Ty6-Ty8) of the basic dimethylsilyl-bridged bis(indenyl) system has been tested in propene polymerization and in ethene/1-hexene copolymerization. Comparison of the results with QSPR (quantitative structure-property relationship) predictions not parametrized for these exotic ligand variations demonstrates that trends can still be identified by extrapolation. Interestingly, Ty7, upon suitable activation, provides a highly isotactic polypropylene with an exceptional amount of 2,1 regio-errors (8%). The previously developed QSPR type models successfully predicted the low regioselectivity of this catalyst, despite the fact that the catalyst structure differs significantly from the benchmark set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikita V Alexeev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urciuoli G, Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Vittoria A, Ehm C, Macchioni A, Busico V. Cocatalyst effects in Hf-catalysed olefin polymerization: taking well-defined Al-alkyl borate salts into account. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2286-2293. [PMID: 38197161 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hafnium catalysts for olefin polymerization are often very sensitive to the nature of cocatalysts, especially if they contain "free" aluminium trialkyls. Herein, cocatalyst effects in Hf-catalysed propene polymerization are examined for four Hf catalysts belonging to the family of CS-symmetric (Hf-CS-Met) and C2-symmetric (Hf-C2-Met) metallocenes, as well as of octahedral (Hf-OOOO) and pentacoordinated (Hf-PyAm) "post-metallocenes". The performance of the recently developed {[iBu2(PhNMe2)Al]2(μ-H)}+[B(C6F5)4]- (AlHAl) cocatalyst is compared with that of established systems like methylalumoxane, phenol-modified methylalumoxane and trityl borate/tri-iso-butylaluminium. The worst catalytic performance is observed with MAO. Conversely, the best cocatalyst varies depending on the Hf catalyst used and the performance indicator of interest, highlighting the complexity and importance of selecting the right precatalyst/cocatalyst combination. AlHAl proved to be a suitable system for all catalysts tested and, in some cases, it provides the best performance in terms of productivity (e.g. with hafnocenes). Furthermore, it generally leads to high molecular weight polymers, also with catalysts enabling easy chain transfer to Al like Hf-PyAm. This suggests that AlHAl has a low tendency to form heterodinuclear adducts with the cationic active species, therefore preventing the formation of dormant sites and/or termination events by chain transfer to Al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Urciuoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Christian Ehm
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chammingkwan P, Khoshsefat M, Terano M, Taniike T. Parallel Catalyst Synthesis Protocol for Accelerating Heterogeneous Olefin Polymerization Research. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4729. [PMID: 38139980 PMCID: PMC10747057 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The data scientific approach has become an indispensable tool for capturing structure-performance relationships in complex systems, where the quantity and quality of data play a crucial role. In heterogeneous olefin polymerization research, the exhaustive and multi-step nature of Ziegler-Natta catalyst synthesis has long posed a bottleneck in synthetic throughput and data generation. In this contribution, a custom-designed 12-parallel reactor system and a catalyst synthesis protocol were developed to achieve the parallel synthesis of a magnesium ethoxide-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The established system, featuring a miniature reaction vessel with magnetically suspended stirring, allows for over a tenfold reduction in synthetic scale while ensuring the consistency and reliability of the synthesis. We demonstrate that the established protocol is highly efficient for the generation of a catalyst library with diverse compositions and physical features, holding promise as a foundation for the data-driven establishment of the structure-performance relationship in heterogeneous olefin polymerization catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patchanee Chammingkwan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan; (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dall’Anese A, Kulyabin PS, Uborsky DV, Vittoria A, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Tensi L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Octahedral Zirconium Salan Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization: Substituent and Solvent Effects on Structure and Dynamics. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16021-16037. [PMID: 37725565 PMCID: PMC10548417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Group 4 metal-Salan olefin polymerization catalysts typically have relatively low activity, being slowed down by a pre-equilibrium favoring a non-polymerization active resting state identified as a mer-mer isomer (MM); formation of the polymerization active fac-fac species (FF) requires isomerization. We now show that the chemistry is more subtle than previously realized. Salan variations bearing large, flat substituents can achieve very high activity, and we ascribe this to the stabilization of the FF isomer, which becomes lower in energy than MM. Detailed in situ NMR studies of a fast (o-anthracenyl) and a slow (o-tBu) Salan precursors, suitably activated, indicate that preferred isomers in solution are different: the fast catalyst prefers FF while the slow catalyst prefers a highly distorted MM geometry. Crystal structures of the activated o-anthracenyl substituted complex with a moderately (chlorobenzene) and, more importantly, a weakly coordinating solvent (toluene) in the first coordination sphere emphasize that the active FF isomer is preferred, at least for the benzyl species. Site epimerization (SE) barriers for the fast catalyst (ΔS > 0, dissociative) and the slow catalyst (ΔS < 0, associative) in toluene corroborate the solvent role. Diagnostic NMe 13C chemical shift differences allow unambiguous detection of FF or MM geometries for seven activated catalysts in different solvents, highlighting the role of solvent coordination strength and bulkiness of the ortho-substituent on the isomer equilibrium. For the first time, active polymeryl species of Zr-Salan catalysts were speciated. The slow catalyst is effectively trapped in the inactive MM state, as previously suggested. Direct observation of fast catalysts is hampered by their high reactivity, but the product of the first 1-hexene insertion maintains its FF geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dall’Anese
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via dell’Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via dell’Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via dell’Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vittoria A, Urciuoli G, Costanzo S, Tammaro D, Cannavacciuolo FD, Pasquino R, Cipullo R, Auriemma F, Grizzuti N, Maffettone PL, Busico V. Extending the High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) Approach to Catalytic Olefin Polymerizations: From Catalysts to Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Gaia Urciuoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Tammaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia Daniela Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Rossana Pasquino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Finizia Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Nino Grizzuti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cannavacciuolo FD, Yadav R, Esper A, Vittoria A, Antinucci G, Zaccaria F, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Goryunov GP, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ, Searles K, Ehm C, Veige AS. A High-Throughput Approach to Repurposing Olefin Polymerization Catalysts for Polymer Upcycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202258. [PMID: 35263499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and economical plastic waste upcycling relies on the development of catalysts capable of polymer degradation. A systematic high-throughput screening of twenty-eight polymerization catalyst precursors, belonging to the catalyst families of metallocenes, ansa-metallocenes, and hemi- and post-metallocenes, in cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) degradation reveals, for the first time, important structure-activity correlations. The upcycling conditions involve activation of the catalysts (at 0.18 % catalyst loading) with tri-iso-butyl aluminum at 50 °C in toluene. The data indicate the ability to degrade PB is a general reactivity profile of neutral group 4 metal hydrides. A simple quantitative-structure activity relationship (QSAR) model utilizing two descriptors for the distribution of steric bulk in the active pocket and one measuring the metal ion electrophilicity reveals the degradation ability improves with increased but not overbearing steric congestion and lower electrophilicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia D Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rinku Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alec Esper
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Keith Searles
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antinucci G, Dereli B, Vittoria A, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Goryunov GP, Kulyabin PS, Uborsky DV, Cavallo L, Ehm C, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V. Selection of Low-Dimensional 3-D Geometric Descriptors for Accurate Enantioselectivity Prediction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Busra Dereli
- Catalysis Research Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Catalysis Research Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cannavacciuolo FD, Yadav R, Esper A, Vittoria A, Antinucci G, Zaccaria F, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Goryunov GP, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ, Searles K, Ehm C, Veige AS. A High‐Throughput Approach to Repurposing Olefin Polymerization Catalysts for Polymer Upcycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rinku Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Center for Catalysis University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Alec Esper
- Department of Chemistry Center for Catalysis University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University 1/3 Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University 1/3 Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
| | | | - Keith Searles
- Department of Chemistry Center for Catalysis University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Adam S. Veige
- Department of Chemistry Center for Catalysis University of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
López-Barrón CR, Lambic NS, Throckmorton JA, Schaefer JJ, Smith A, Raushel FN, Lin TP. One-Pot Synthesis of High-Melt-Strength Isotactic Polypropylene Ionomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikola S. Lambic
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | | | | | - Avery Smith
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Frank N. Raushel
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Zaccaria F, Urciuoli G, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ, Uborsky DV, Ehm C, Cipullo R. Hafnium vs. Zirconium, the Perpetual Battle for Supremacy in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization: A Simple Matter of Electrophilicity? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2621. [PMID: 34451163 PMCID: PMC8400551 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of C2-symmetric ansa-hafnocene catalysts for isotactic polypropylene typically deteriorates at increasing temperature much faster than that of their zirconium analogues. Herein, we analyze in detail a set of five Hf/Zr metallocene pairs-including some of the latest generation catalysts-at medium- to high-polymerization temperature. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for stereoselectivity, the ratio allyl/vinyl chain ends, and 2,1/3,1 misinsertions in the polymer indicate a strong dependence of polymerization performance on electrophilicity of the catalyst, which is a function of the ligand framework and the metal center. Based on this insight, the stronger performance decline of hafnocenes is ascribed to electrophilicity-dependent stabilization effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Universitaà di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaia Urciuoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Both metallocene and Phillips chromium catalysts are used in the commercial manufacture of polyethylene. Unlike most other commercial metallocene systems, the Chevron Phillips Chemical (CPC) platform does not use methylaluminoxane or fluoroorganic boranes. Instead, the support itself serves to activate (ionize) the metallocenes, which then polymerize ethylene at high activity. Most of these solid acid supports can also be used to anchor Cr to make a Phillips catalyst. This provides an interesting opportunity to compare the polymerization responses by these two disparate systems, Phillips Cr and CPC metallocene, when supported on the same solid acid carriers. In this study, both chromium oxide and several metallocenes were deposited onto a variety of solid oxides, under a variety of conditions, and the resulting support effects were observed and compared. Although using seemingly different chemistries, the two catalyst systems exhibited a surprising number of similarities, which can be attributed to the acidity and porosity of these diverse supports.
Collapse
|
14
|
Goryunov GP, Sharikov MI, Iashin AN, Canich JAM, Mattler SJ, Hagadorn JR, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ. Rigid Postmetallocene Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization: Ligand Design Prevents the Temperature-Dependent Loss of Stereo- and Regioselectivities. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei N. Iashin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Sarah J. Mattler
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - John R. Hagadorn
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kulyabin PS, Goryunov GP, Sharikov MI, Izmer VV, Vittoria A, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Uborsky DV. ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts for Isotactic-Selective Propene Polymerization at High Temperature: A Long Story Finds a Happy Ending. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7641-7647. [PMID: 33979148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Absolute rigidity is rare in the "soft" world of organometallics. Here we introduce two cyclopenta[a]triptycyl ansa-zirconocene catalysts for isotactic-selective propene polymerization, designed by means of an integrated high-throughput experimentation/quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling approach. An ultrarigid ligand precisely wrapped around the Zr center enforces an enzyme-like lock and key fit, effectively hampering undesired reactive events, even at high temperature. Stereodefective units are hardly detectable by 13C NMR in the polymer produced at 120 °C; this corresponds to an enantioselectivity exceeding 6-7 kcal/mol: i.e., less than 1 propene misinsertion every 4000 (and at room temperature, one every ∼40000!).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kulyabin PS, Izmer VV, Goryunov GP, Sharikov MI, Kononovich DS, Uborsky DV, Canich JAM, Voskoboynikov AZ. Multisubstituted C2-symmetric ansa-metallocenes bearing nitrogen heterocycles: influence of substituents on catalytic properties in propylene polymerization at higher temperatures. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6170-6180. [PMID: 33871002 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work we systematically studied the effects of modifications of substituents on the performance of the isospecific zirconocene-based catalyst family, Me2Si(2-Alk-4-(N-carbazolyl)Ind)ZrX2 (X = Cl, Me), wherein the progenitor was shown to be particularly suitable in high-temperature propylene polymerization processes. In order to obtain the required zirconocenes, we developed a novel synthetic pathway to 4-(N-carbazolyl)indenes through Pd-catalyzed cyclizations of 2,2'-dibromobiaryls with 4-aminoindenes, which were synthesized via Buchwald-Hartwig reaction or electrophilic amination of 4-indenyl Grignard reagents with trimethylsilylmethyl azide. By a number of examples, the anion-promoted rac-to-meso isomerization method was shown to work reliably well for preparation of rac-ZrMe2-complexes. Certain zirconocenes among the 21 tested in propylene polymerization at 70 and 100 °C under MAO or borate activation outperformed the parent catalyst in molecular weight capability, regio- or stereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Jo Ann M Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, USA.
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cannavacciuolo FD, Vittoria A, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Busico V. Polyolefin chain shuttling at ansa-metallocene catalysts: legend and reality. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Vittoria A, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Methylaluminoxane’s Molecular Cousin: A Well-defined and “Complete” Al-Activator for Molecular Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maity B, Cao Z, Kumawat J, Gupta V, Cavallo L. A Multivariate Linear Regression Approach to Predict Ethene/1-Olefin Copolymerization Statistics Promoted by Group 4 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bholanath Maity
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Cao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jugal Kumawat
- Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chain Transfer to Solvent and Monomer in Early Transition Metal Catalyzed Olefin Polymerization: Mechanisms and Implications for Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even after several decades of intense research, mechanistic studies of olefin polymerization by early transition metal catalysts continue to reveal unexpected elementary reaction steps. In this mini-review, the recent discovery of two unprecedented chain termination processes is summarized: chain transfer to solvent (CTS) and chain transfer to monomer (CTM), leading to benzyl/tolyl and allyl type chain ends, respectively. Although similar transfer reactions are well-known in radical polymerization, only very recently they have been observed also in olefin insertion polymerization catalysis. In the latter context, these processes were first identified in Ti-catalyzed propene and ethene polymerization; more recently, CTS was also reported in Sc-catalyzed styrene polymerization. In the Ti case, these processes represent a unique combination of insertion polymerization, organic radical chemistry and reactivity of a M(IV)/M(III) redox couple. In the Sc case, CTS occurs via a σ-bond metathesis reactivity, and it is associated with a significant boost of catalytic activity and/or with tuning of polystyrene molecular weight and tacticity. The mechanistic studies that led to the understanding of these chain transfer reactions are summarized, highlighting their relevance in olefin polymerization catalysis and beyond.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ratanasak M, Hasegawa JY, Parasuk V. Design and prediction of high potent ansa-zirconocene catalyst for olefin polymerizations: combined DFT calculations and QSPR approach. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00655j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Density functional calculations were carried out to predict activities, regio- and stereoselectivity, and to design new ansa-zirconocene catalysts for olefin polymerizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manussada Ratanasak
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 001-0021
- Japan
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis
- Hokkaido University
- Hokkaido 001-0021
- Japan
| | - Vudhichai Parasuk
- Center of Excellence in Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Kulyabin PS, Di Girolamo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. A Systematic Study of the Temperature-Induced Performance Decline of ansa-Metallocenes for iPP. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang M, Chen J, Wang B, Huang W, Chen H, Gao Y, Marks TJ. Polar Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polypropylenes by Organozirconium‐Catalyzed Masking‐Reagent‐Free Propylene and Amino–Olefin Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20522-20528. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Huang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Yantai Shandong Province 264002 P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Haibo Chen
- Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Yantai Shandong Province 264002 P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang M, Chen J, Wang B, Huang W, Chen H, Gao Y, Marks TJ. Polar Isotactic and Syndiotactic Polypropylenes by Organozirconium‐Catalyzed Masking‐Reagent‐Free Propylene and Amino–Olefin Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Huang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Yantai Shandong Province 264002 P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Haibo Chen
- Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Yantai Shandong Province 264002 P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ehm C, Mingione A, Vittoria A, Zaccaria F, Cipullo R, Busico V. High-Throughput Experimentation in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis: Facing the Challenges of Miniaturization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- HTExplore s.r.l., Via R. Morandi 12, 80124 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- HTExplore s.r.l., Via R. Morandi 12, 80124 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Borisov IS, Mladentsev DY, Guzeev BA, Goryunov GP, Uborsky DV, Vittoria A, Cipullo R, Busico V, Friederichs N, Voskoboynikov AZ. Synthesis and olefin polymerization performance of new ansa-zirconocene with OSiO-bridged bis(2-indenyl) ligand. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
Antinucci G, Vittoria A, Cipullo R, Busico V. Regioirregular Monomeric Units in Ziegler–Natta Polypropylene: A Sensitive Probe of the Catalytic Sites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antinucci
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Laboratory of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Di Girolamo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. An Integrated High Throughput Experimentation/Predictive QSAR Modeling Approach to ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts for Isotactic Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1005. [PMID: 32349220 PMCID: PMC7284373 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to heterogenous Ziegler-Natta systems (ZNS), ansa-metallocene catalysts for the industrial production of isotactic polypropylene feature a higher cost-to-performance balance. In particular, the C2-symmetric bis(indenyl) ansa-zirconocenes disclosed in the 1990s are complex to prepare, less stereo- and/or regioselective than ZNS, and lose performance at practical application temperatures. The golden era of these complexes, though, was before High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) could contribute significantly to their evolution. Herein, we illustrate a Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationship (QSAR) model trained on a robust and highly accurate HTE database. The clear-box QSAR model utilizes, in particular, a limited number of chemically intuitive 3D geometric descriptors that screen various regions of space in and around the catalytic pocket in a modular way thus enabling to quantify individual substituent contributions. The main focus of the paper is on the methodology, which should be of rather broad applicability in molecular organometallic catalysis. Then again, it is worth emphasizing that the specific application reported here led us to identify in a comparatively short time novel zirconocene catalysts rivaling or even outperforming all previous homologues which strongly indicates that the metallocene story is not over yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg V. Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cuthbert ENT, Vittoria A, Cipullo R, Busico V, Budzelaar PHM. Structure-Activity Relationships for Bis(phenolate-ether) Zr/Hf Propene Polymerization Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. T. Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; 144 Dysart Road MB R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Canada
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; 144 Dysart Road MB R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Canada
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Uborsky DV, Mladentsev DY, Guzeev BA, Borisov IS, Vittoria A, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Hendriksen C, Friederichs N, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ. C1-Symmetric Si-bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) ansa-metallocenes as efficient ethene/1-hexene copolymerization catalysts. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3015-3025. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, ethene/1-hexene copolymerization screening, and QSAR study of 28 silicon bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) zirconocenes: new promising catalysts for LLDPE were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | | | - Bogdan A. Guzeev
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Ilya S. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Coen Hendriksen
- SABIC
- Technology and Innovation Department
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Nic Friederichs
- SABIC
- Technology and Innovation Department
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. On the limits of tuning comonomer affinity of ‘Spaleck-type’ ansa-zirconocenes in ethene/1-hexene copolymerization: a high-throughput experimentation/QSAR approach. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10162-10172. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A change in rate-limiting step imparts a natural limit for comonomer affinity of C2-symmetric zirconocenes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Izmer VV, Lebedev AY, Kononovich DS, Borisov IS, Kulyabin PS, Goryunov GP, Uborsky DV, Canich JAM, Voskoboynikov AZ. ansa-Metallocenes Bearing 4-(N-Azolyl)-2-methylindenyl and Related Ligands: Development of Highly Isoselective Catalysts for Propene Polymerization at Higher Temperatures. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya S. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Parveen R, Cundari TR, Younker JM, Rodriguez G, McCullough L. DFT and QSAR Studies of Ethylene Polymerization by Zirconocene Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, Texas 6203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, Texas 6203-5017, United States
| | - Jarod M. Younker
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - George Rodriguez
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Laughlin McCullough
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kulyabin PS, Portnyagin IA, Tsarev AN, Asachenko AF, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ, Ajellal N, Vanne T, Varzeshkhah R, Resconi L, Castro P. Ansa-zirconocenes bearing 5-NR2-6-alkyl-4-hydrocarbyl-2-methylindenyl moieties: Synthesis, structure, stereoselective polymerization of propylene. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Macchioni A. Extraction of Reliable Molecular Information from Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy: Hydrodynamic Volume or Molecular Mass? Chemistry 2019; 25:9930-9937. [PMID: 30998838 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Measuring accurate translational self-diffusion coefficients (Dt ) by NMR techniques with modern spectrometers has become rather routine. In contrast, the derivation of reliable molecular information therefrom still remains a nontrivial task. In this paper, two established approaches to estimating molecular size in terms of hydrodynamic volume (VH ) or molecular weight (M) are compared. Ad hoc designed experiments allowed the critical aspects of their application to be explored by translating relatively complex theoretical principles into practical take-home messages. For instance, comparing the Dt values of three isosteric Cp2 MCl2 complexes (Cp=cyclopentadienyl, M=Ti, Zr, Hf), having significantly different molecular mass, provided an empirical demonstration that VH is the critical molecular property affecting Dt . This central concept served to clarify the assumptions behind the derivation of Dt =ƒ(M) power laws from the Stokes-Einstein equation. Some pitfalls in establishing log (Dt ) versus log (M) linear correlations for a set of species have been highlighted by further investigations of selected examples. The effectiveness of the Stokes-Einstein equation itself in describing the aggregation or polymerization of differently shaped species has been explored by comparing, for example, a ball-shaped silsesquioxane cage with its cigar-like dimeric form, or styrene with polystyrene macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Separating Electronic from Steric Effects in Ethene/α-Olefin Copolymerization: A Case Study on Octahedral [ONNO] Zr-Catalysts. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four Cl/Me substituted [ONNO] Zr-catalysts have been tested in ethene/α-olefin polymerization. Replacing electron-donating methyl with isosteric but electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents results in a significant increase of comonomer incorporation. Exploration of steric and electronic properties of the ancillary ligand by DFT confirm that relative reactivity ratios are mainly determined by the electrophilicity of the metal center. Furthermore, quantitative DFT modeling of propagation barriers that determine polymerization kinetics reveals that electronic effects observed in these catalysts affect relative barriers for insertion and a capture-like transition state (TS).
Collapse
|
37
|
Studying the bivariate tacticity distribution of poly-1-octene using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with NMR. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. BHT-Modified MAO: Cage Size Estimation, Chemical Counting of Strongly Acidic Al Sites, and Activation of a Ti-Phosphinimide Precatalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|