1
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Jiang N, Yu T, Zhang M, Barrett BN, Sun H, Wang J, Luo Y, Sternhagen GL, Xuan S, Yuan G, Kelley EG, Qian S, Bonnesen PV, Hong K, Li D, Zhang D. Effect of Micellar Morphology on the Temperature-Induced Structural Evolution of ABC Polypeptoid Triblock Terpolymers into Two-Compartment Hydrogel Network. Macromolecules 2024; 57:6449-6464. [PMID: 39071044 PMCID: PMC11270984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the temperature-dependent structural evolution of thermoreversible triblock terpolypeptoid hydrogels, namely poly(N-allyl glycine)-b-poly(N-methyl glycine)-b-poly(N-decyl glycine) (AMD), using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast matching in conjunction with X-ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) techniques. At room temperature, A100M101D10 triblock terpolypeptoids self-assemble into core-corona-type spherical micelles in aqueous solution. Upon heating above the critical gelation temperature (T gel), SANS analysis revealed the formation of a two-compartment hydrogel network comprising distinct micellar cores composed of dehydrated A blocks and hydrophobic D blocks. At T ≳ T gel, the temperature-dependent dehydration of A block further leads to the gradual rearrangement of both A and D domains, forming well-ordered micellar network at higher temperatures. For AMD polymers with either longer D block or shorter A block, such as A101M111D21 and A43M92D9, elongated nonspherical micelles with a crystalline D core were observed at T < T gel. Although these enlarged crystalline micelles still undergo a sharp sol-to-gel transition upon heating, the higher aggregation number of chains results in the immediate association of the micelles into ordered aggregates at the initial stage, followed by a disruption of the spatial ordering as the temperature further increases. On the other hand, fiber-like structures were also observed for AMD with longer A block, such as A153M127D10, due to the crystallization of A domains. This also influences the assembly pathway of the two-compartment network. Our findings emphasize the critical impact of initial micellar morphology on the structural evolution of AMD hydrogels during the sol-to-gel transition, providing valuable insights for the rational design of thermoresponsive hydrogels with tunable network structures at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips,
Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bailee N. Barrett
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Haofeng Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips,
Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips,
Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips,
Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Garrett L. Sternhagen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sunting Xuan
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth G. Kelley
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron
Scattering Division and Second Target Station, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Dongcui Li
- Hua An Tang
Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511434, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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2
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Kang L, Wang Q, Zhang L, Zou H, Gao J, Niu K, Jiang N. Recent Experimental Advances in Characterizing the Self-Assembly and Phase Behavior of Polypeptoids. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114175. [PMID: 37297308 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoids are a family of synthetic peptidomimetic polymers featuring N-substituted polyglycine backbones with large chemical and structural diversity. Their synthetic accessibility, tunable property/functionality, and biological relevance make polypeptoids a promising platform for molecular biomimicry and various biotechnological applications. To gain insight into the relationship between the chemical structure, self-assembly behavior, and physicochemical properties of polypeptoids, many efforts have been made using thermal analysis, microscopy, scattering, and spectroscopic techniques. In this review, we summarize recent experimental investigations that have focused on the hierarchical self-assembly and phase behavior of polypeptoids in bulk, thin film, and solution states, highlighting the use of advanced characterization tools such as in situ microscopy and scattering techniques. These methods enable researchers to unravel multiscale structural features and assembly processes of polypeptoids over a wide range of length and time scales, thereby providing new insights into the structure-property relationship of these protein-mimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kangmin Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Yu T, Luo X, Prendergast D, Butterfoss GL, Rad B, Balsara NP, Zuckermann RN, Jiang X. Structural Elucidation of a Polypeptoid Chain in a Crystalline Lattice Reveals Key Morphology-Directing Role of the N-Terminus. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4958-4970. [PMID: 36821346 PMCID: PMC10018772 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer synthetic polymers with the same structural precision as biomacromolecules is crucial to enable the de novo design of robust nanomaterials with biomimetic function. Peptoids, poly(N-substituted) glycines, are a highly controllable bio-inspired polymer family that can assemble into a variety of functional, crystalline nanostructures over a wide range of sequences. Extensive investigation on the molecular packing in these lattices has been reported; however, many key atomic-level details of the molecular structure remain underexplored. Here, we use cryo-TEM 3D reconstruction to directly visualize the conformation of an individual polymer chain within a peptoid nanofiber lattice in real space at 3.6 Å resolution. The backbone in the N-decylglycine hydrophobic core is shown to clearly adopt an extended, all-cis-sigma strand conformation, as previously suggested in many peptoid lattice models. We also show that packing interactions (covalent and noncovalent) at the solvent-exposed N-termini have a dominant impact on the local chain ordering and hence the ability of the chains to pack into well-ordered lattices. Peptoids in pure water form fibers with limited growth in the a direction (<14 molecules in width), whereas in the presence of formamide, they grow to over microns in length in the a direction. This dependence points to the significant role of the chain terminus in determining the long-range order in the packing of peptoid lattices and provides an opportunity to modulate lattice stability and nanoscale morphology by the addition of exogenous small molecules. These findings help resolve a major challenge in the de novo structure-based design of sequence-defined biomimetic nanostructures based on crystalline domains and should accelerate the design of functional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yu
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xubo Luo
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Glenn L. Butterfoss
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York
University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Behzad Rad
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Cai C, Lin J. Recent advances in the solution self‐assembly of polypeptides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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5
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Ma A, Yu X, Liao M, Liu W, Xuan S, Zhang Z. Research Progress in Polypeptoids Prepared by Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200301. [PMID: 35748135 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoids, structural mimics of polypeptides, have attracted considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, proteolytic stability, thermal processability, good solubility, synthetic accessibility, and structural diversity. Polypeptoids have emerged as an interesting material in both polymer science and biological field. This review primarily discusses the research progress of polypeptoids prepared by controlled ring-opening polymerizations in the past decade, including synthetic strategies of monomers, polymerizations by different initiators, postfunctionalization, fundamental properties, crystallization-driven self-assembly, and potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyao Ma
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mingzhen Liao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sunting Xuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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6
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Wang Q, Kang L, Xu X, Zhang M, Chao A, Chen J, Han Z, Yu H, Li R, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Jiang N. Multiscale Crystalline Structure of Confined Polypeptoid Films: The Effect of Alkyl Side Chain Branching. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1060-1066. [PMID: 35976225 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of alkyl side chain branching on melt-recrystallization of nanoconfined polypeptoid films using poly(N-octyl glycine) (PNOG) and poly(N-2-ethyl-1-hexyl glycine) (PNEHG) as model systems. Upon cooling from the isotropic melt, confined PNOG molecules recrystallize into a near-perfect orthorhombic crystal structure with the board-like molecules stacked face-to-face in the substrate-parallel direction, resulting in long-range ordered wormlike lamellae that occupy the entire film. By contrast, rod-like PNEHG molecules bearing branched N-2-ethyl-1-hexyl side chains stack into a columnar hexagonal mesophase with their backbones oriented parallel to the substrates, forming micron-sized sheaf-like superstructures under confinement, exposing large areas of empty spaces in the film. These findings highlight the effect of alkyl side chain branching on the packing motif and multiscale crystalline structure of polypeptoids under a nanoconfined geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liying Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Albert Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jianxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijing Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Ding X, Liu D, Jiang X, Chen X, Zuckermann RN, Sun J. Hierarchical Approach for Controlled Assembly of Branched Nanostructures from One Polymer Compound by Engineering Crystalline Domains. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10470-10481. [PMID: 35638769 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of crystalline packing, which governs atomic length-scale order, and hierarchical assembly, which governs longer length scales, is essential to fabricate complex superstructures from polymers for many applications. Here, we demonstrate that a diblock copolymer containing an N-octylglycine peptoid block, which has a propensity to crystallize, can form distinct hierarchical superstructures including a star-like morphology, a superbrush, or a nanosheet by tuning the balance between surface energy arising from the solubility of the copolymers and crystallization energy of the solvophobic polypeptoid blocks. We show that partially ordered micellar aggregates (clusters) are key intermediates that form early in the assembly process and template the formation of superstructures via the oriented fusion of individual micelles as the growth materials. Notably, the fiber-like branch of the superstructures is driven by crystallization and exhibits growth in a living linear manner. The superstructures can be internalized by mammalian cells and hold promise for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xuesi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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8
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Wood EL, Greco C, Ivanov DA, Kremer K, Daoulas KC. Mesoscopic Modeling of a Highly-Ordered Sanidic Polymer Mesophase and Comparison With Experimental Data. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2285-2298. [PMID: 35290739 PMCID: PMC8958507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Board-shaped polymers
form sanidic mesophases: assemblies of parallel
lamellae of stacked polymer backbones separated by disordered side
chains. Sanidics vary significantly with respect to polymer order
inside their lamellae, making them “stepping stones”
toward the crystalline state. Therefore, they are potentially interesting
for studying crystallization and technological applications. Building
on earlier mesoscopic models of the most disordered sanidics Σd, we focus on the other extreme, near-crystalline order, and
develop a generic model that captures a highly ordered Σr mesophase. Polymers are described by generic hindered-rotation
chains. Anisotropic nonbonded potentials, with strengths comparable
to the thermal energy, mimic board-like monomer shapes. Lamellae equilibrated
with Monte Carlo simulations, for a broad range of model parameters,
have intralamellar order typical for Σr mesophases:
periodically stacked polymers that are mutually registered along their
backbones. Our mesophase shows registration on both monomer and chain
levels. We calculate scattering patterns and compare with data published
for highly ordered sanidic mesophases of two different polymers: polyesters
and polypeptoids. Most of the generic structural features that were
identified in these experiments are present in our model. However,
our mesophase has correlations between chains located in different
lamellae and is therefore closer to the crystalline state than the
experimental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wood
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cristina Greco
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Ch Daoulas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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Jiang N, Zhang D. Solution Self-Assembly of Coil-Crystalline Diblock Copolypeptoids Bearing Alkyl Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3131. [PMID: 34578031 PMCID: PMC8473287 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids, a class of synthetic peptidomimetic polymers, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for biotechnological applications, such as drug/gene delivery, sensing and molecular recognition. Recent investigations on the solution self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolypeptoids highlighted their capability to form a variety of nanostructures with tailorable morphologies and functionalities. Here, we review our recent findings on the solutions self-assembly of coil-crystalline diblock copolypeptoids bearing alkyl side chains. We highlight the solution self-assembly pathways of these polypeptoid block copolymers and show how molecular packing and crystallization of these building blocks affect the self-assembly behavior, resulting in one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and multidimensional hierarchical polymeric nanostructures in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Macromolecular Studies Group, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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10
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Connolly MD, Xuan S, Molchanova N, Zuckermann RN. Submonomer synthesis of sequence defined peptoids with diverse side-chains. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:241-270. [PMID: 34325788 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptoids are a diverse family of sequence-defined oligomers of N-substituted glycine monomers, that can be readily accessed by the solid-phase submonomer synthesis method. Due to the versatility and efficiency of this chemistry, and the easy access to hundreds of potential monomers, there is an enormous potential sequence space that can be explored. This has enabled researchers from many different fields to custom-design peptoid sequences tailored to a wide variety of problems in biomedicine, nanoscience and polymer science. Here we provide detailed protocols for the synthesis of peptoids, using optimized protocols that can be performed by non-chemists. The submonomer method is fully compatible with Fmoc-peptide synthesis conditions, so the method is readily automated on existing automated peptide synthesizers using protocols provided here. Although the submonomer synthesis for peptoids is well established, there are special considerations required in order to access many of the most useful and desirable sidechains. Here we provide methods to include most of the amino-acid-like side chains, some of the most important non-natural monomer classes, as well as the creation of peptoid conjugates and peptide-peptoid hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Connolly
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sunting Xuan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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11
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Kang L, Chao A, Zhang M, Yu T, Wang J, Wang Q, Yu H, Jiang N, Zhang D. Modulating the Molecular Geometry and Solution Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Polypeptoid Block Copolymers by Side Chain Branching Pattern. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5890-5902. [PMID: 33822620 PMCID: PMC8154532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Solution self-assembly of coil-crystalline diblock copolypeptoids has attracted increasing attention due to its capability to form hierarchical nanostructures with tailorable morphologies and functionalities. While the N-substituent (or side chain) structures are known to affect the crystallization of polypeptoids, their roles in dictating the hierarchical solution self-assembly of diblock copolypeptoids are not fully understood. Herein, we designed and synthesized two types of diblock copolypeptoids, i.e., poly(N-methylglycine)-b-poly(N-octylglycine) (PNMG-b-PNOG) and poly(N-methylglycine)-b-poly(N-2-ethyl-1-hexylglycine) (PNMG-b-PNEHG), to investigate the influence of N-substituent structure on the crystalline packing and hierarchical self-assembly of diblock copolypeptoids in methanol. With a linear aliphatic N-substituent, the PNOG blocks pack into a highly ordered crystalline structure with a board-like molecular geometry, resulting in the self-assembly of PNMG-b-PNOG molecules into a hierarchical microflower morphology composed of radially arranged nanoribbon subunits. By contrast, the PNEHG blocks bearing bulky branched aliphatic N-substituents are rod-like and prefer to stack into a columnar hexagonal liquid crystalline mesophase, which drives PNMG-b-PNEHG molecules to self-assemble into symmetrical hexagonal nanosheets in solution. A combination of time-dependent small/wide-angle X-ray scattering and microscopic imaging analysis further revealed the self-assembly mechanisms for the formation of these microflowers and hexagonal nanosheets. These results highlight the significant impact of the N-substituent architecture (i.e., linear versus branched) on the supramolecular self-assembly of diblock copolypeptoids in solution, which can serve as an effective strategy to tune the geometry and hierarchical structure of polypeptoid-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Kang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Albert Chao
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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12
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Jiang X, Sun J, Zuckermann RN, Balsara NP. Effect of hydration on morphology of thin phosphonate block copolymer electrolyte membranes studied by electron tomography. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA
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13
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Xuan S, Jiang X, Balsara NP, Zuckermann RN. Crystallization and self-assembly of shape-complementary sequence-defined peptoids. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Shape complementarity between polymers is a hallmark of biological systems (e.g. DNA base pairing and protein binding interactions). Here we explore the role of shape complementarity between sequence-defined N-alkyl peptoids in crystal lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunting Xuan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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Hierarchical supramolecular assembly of a single peptoid polymer into a planar nanobrush with two distinct molecular packing motifs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31639-31647. [PMID: 33262279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011816117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical nanomaterials have received increasing interest for many applications. Here, we report a facile programmable strategy based on an embedded segmental crystallinity design to prepare unprecedented supramolecular planar nanobrush-like structures composed of two distinct molecular packing motifs, by the self-assembly of one particular diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-octylglycine) in a one-pot preparation. We demonstrate that the superstructures result from the temperature-controlled hierarchical self-assembly of preformed spherical micelles by optimizing the crystallization-solvophobicity balance. Particularly remarkable is that these micelles first assemble into linear arrays at elevated temperatures, which, upon cooling, subsequently template further lateral, crystallization-driven assembly in a living manner. Addition of the diblock copolymer chains to the growing nanostructure occurs via a loosely organized micellar intermediate state, which undergoes an unfolding transition to the final crystalline state in the nanobrush. This assembly mechanism is distinct from previous crystallization-driven approaches which occur via unimer addition, and is more akin to protein crystallization. Interestingly, nanobrush formation is conserved over a variety of preparation pathways. The precise control ability over the superstructure, combined with the excellent biocompatibility of polypeptoids, offers great potential for nanomaterials inaccessible previously for a broad range of advanced applications.
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15
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Jiang N, Chen J, Yu T, Chao A, Kang L, Wu Y, Niu K, Li R, Fukuto M, Zhang D. Cyclic Topology Enhancing Structural Ordering and Stability of Comb-Shaped Polypeptoid Thin Films against Melt-Induced Dewetting. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7601-7612. [PMID: 32952217 PMCID: PMC7498153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of cyclic chain topology on the molecular ordering and thermal stability of comb-shaped polypeptoid thin films on silicon (Si) substrates. Cyclic and linear poly(N-decylglycine) (PNDG) bearing long n-decyl side chains were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of N-decylglycine-derived N-carboxyanhydrides. When the spin-coated thin films were subjected to thermal annealing at temperatures above the melting temperature (T > T m), the cyclic PNDG films exhibited significantly enhanced stability against melt-induced dewetting than the linear counterparts (l-PNDG). When recrystallized at temperatures below the crystallization temperature (T < T c), the homogeneous c-PNDG films exhibit enhanced crystalline ordering relative to the macroscopically dewetted l-PNDG films. Both cyclic and linear PNDG molecules adopt cis-amide conformations in the crystalline film, which transition into trans-amide conformations upon melting. A top-down solvent leaching treatment of both l/c-PNDG films revealed the formation of an irreversibly physisorbed monolayer with similar thickness (ca. 3 nm) on the Si substrate. The physisorbed monolayers are more disordered relative to the respective thicker crystalline films for both cyclic and linear PNDGs. Upon heating above T m, the adsorbed c-PNDG chains adopt trans-amide backbone conformation identical with the free c-PNDG molecules in the molten film. By contrast, the backbone conformations of l-PNDG chains in the adsorbed layers are notably different from those of the free chains in the molten film. We postulate that the conformational disparity between the chains in the physically adsorbed layers versus the free chains in the molten film is an important factor to account for the difference in the thermal stability of PNDG thin films. These findings highlight the use of cyclic chain topology to suppress the melt-induced dewetting in polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Albert Chao
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Liying Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kangmin Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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16
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Wang Z, Lin M, Bonduelle C, Li R, Shi Z, Zhu C, Lecommandoux S, Li Z, Sun J. Thermoinduced Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Bioinspired Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3411-3419. [PMID: 32786675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Delicate control over architectures via crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) in aqueous solution, particularly combined with external stimuli, is rare and challenging. Here, we report a stepwise CDSA process thermally initiated from amphiphilic poly(N-allylglycine)-b-poly(N-octylglycine) (PNAG-b-PNOG) conjugated with thiol-terminated triethylene glycol monomethyl ethers ((PNAG-g-EG3)-b-PNOG) in aqueous solution. The diblock copolymers show a reversible thermoresponsive behavior with nearly identical cloud points in both heating and cooling runs. In contrast, the morphology transition of the assemblies is irreversible upon a heating-cooling cycle because of the presence of a confined domain arising from crystalline PNOG, which allows for the achievement of different nanostructured assemblies by the same polymer. We demonstrated that the thermoresponsive property of PNAG-g-EG3 initiates assembly kinetically that is subsequently promoted by crystallization of PNOG thermodynamically. The irreversible morphology transition behavior provides a convenient platform for comparing the cellular uptake efficiency of nanostructured assemblies with various morphologies that are otherwise similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Min Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Rongye Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhekun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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17
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Xuan S, Zuckermann RN. Engineering the atomic structure of sequence-defined peptoid polymers and their assemblies. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Xuan S, Zuckermann RN. Diblock copolypeptoids: a review of phase separation, crystallization, self-assembly and biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5380-5394. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diblock copolypeptoids have the capacity to phase separate, crystallize, and self-assemble into a variety of nanostructures, which have shown great potential in a variety of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunting Xuan
- Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
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19
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Appukutti N, Jones JR, Serpell CJ. Sequence isomerism in uniform polyphosphoesters programmes self-assembly and folding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5307-5310. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfectly sequence-defined macromolecules have been synthesised through the phosphoramidite method. Sequence isomerism determines self-assembly giving a raft of unusual nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeema Appukutti
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent
- Canterbury
- UK
| | - Joseph R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Gibbet Hill
- Coventry
- UK
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20
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Jiang N, Yu T, Darvish OA, Qian S, Mkam Tsengam IK, John V, Zhang D. Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Coil–Comb-Shaped Polypeptoid Block Copolymers: Solution Morphology and Self-Assembly Pathways. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Omead A. Darvish
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Igor Kevin Mkam Tsengam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Vijay John
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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21
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Abstract
A fundamental challenge in materials science is to understand the atomic-level structures of nanoarchitectures assembled from synthetic polymers. Here, we report a family of sequence-defined polypeptoids that form free-floating crystalline 2-dimensional nanosheets, in which not only individual polymer chains and their relative orientations, but also atoms in nanosheets were directly observed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. These atomic details are inaccessible by conventional scattering techniques. Using the feedback between sequence-controlled synthesis and atomic imaging, we observed how the nanosheet structure responds to chemical modifications at the atomic-length scale. These atomic-level insights open the door to the design of bioinspired nanomaterials with more precisely controlled structures and properties. Rational design of supramolecular nanomaterials fundamentally depends upon an atomic-level understanding of their structure and how it responds to chemical modifications. Here we studied a series of crystalline diblock copolypeptoids by a combination of sequence-controlled synthesis, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. This family of amphiphilic polypeptoids formed free-floating 2-dimensional monolayer nanosheets, in which individual polymer chains and their relative orientations could be directly observed. Furthermore, bromine atom side-chain substituents in nanosheets were directly visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, revealing atomic details in position space inaccessible by conventional scattering techniques. While the polypeptoid backbone conformation was conserved across the set of molecules, the nanosheets exhibited different lattice packing geometries dependent on the aromatic side chain para substitutions. Peptoids are inherently achiral, yet we showed that sequences containing an asymmetric aromatic substitution pattern pack with alternating rows adopting opposite backbone chiralities. These atomic-level insights into peptoid nanosheet crystal structure provide guidance for the future design of bioinspired nanomaterials with more precisely controlled structures and properties.
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22
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Yan L, Häußler M, Bauer J, Mecking S, Winey KI. Monodisperse and Telechelic Polyethylenes Form Extended Chain Crystals with Ionic Layers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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23
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Jiang X, Xuan S, Kundu J, Prendergast D, Zuckermann RN, Balsara NP. Effect of processing and end groups on the crystal structure of polypeptoids studied by cryogenic electron microscopy at atomic length scales. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4723-4736. [PMID: 31140529 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy at atomic length scales was used to study the structure of self-assembled crystalline nanosheets obtained from a series of polypeptoids with the same chain architecture but with different end groups. While long-range order is enhanced by slowing down the self-assembly process, the dominant crystalline motif was found to be a sensitive function of both processing details and end group chemistry. In some cases, adjacent rows of polypeptoid molecules adopt anti-parallel V-shaped side chain conformations. In other cases, adjacent rows of polypeptoid molecules adopt parallel V-shaped side chain conformations. Interestingly, the unit cell is rectangular in both cases with dimensions a = 4.5 Å and c = 50 Å. In all cases, long-range order, quantified by the average number of concatenated unit cells of the same type, is more prevalent along the a direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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24
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Zeng G, Qiu L, Wen T. Recent advances in crystallization and self‐assembly of polypeptoid polymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Zeng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Lu Qiu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Wen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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25
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Yu B, Danielsen SPO, Patterson AL, Davidson EC, Segalman RA. Effects of Helical Chain Shape on Lamellae-Forming Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Gangloff N, Höferth M, Stepanenko V, Sochor B, Schummer B, Nickel J, Walles H, Hanke R, Würthner F, Zuckermann RN, Luxenhofer R. Linking two worlds in polymer chemistry: The influence of block uniformity and dispersity in amphiphilic block copolypeptoids on their self‐assembly. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23259. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gangloff
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Marcel Höferth
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Schummer
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Randolf Hanke
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry, Biological Nanostructures, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory United States of America
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Technologie der Materialsynthese Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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