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Xu H, Li H, Zhang Y, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Strong and Thermo-Switchable Gel Adhesion Based on UCST-Type Phase Transition in Deep Eutectic Solvent. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400938. [PMID: 38885493 PMCID: PMC11336952 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
It remains a great challenge to achieve strong and reversible hydrogel adhesion. Hydrogel adhesives also suffer from poor environmental stability due to dehydration. To overcome these problems, here reversible adhesive gels are designed using a new switching mechanism and new solvent. For the first time, the study observes UCST (upper critical solution temperature)-type thermosensitive behaviors of poly(benzyl acrylate) (PBnA) polymer and gel in menthol:thymol deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The temperature-induced phase transition allows adjusting cohesive force, and hence adhesion strength of PBnA gels by temperature. To further improve the mechanical and adhesion properties, a peptide crosslinker is used to allow energy dissipation when deforming. The resulting eutectogel exhibits thermal reversible adhesion with a high switching ratio of 14.0. The adhesion strength at attachment state reaches 0.627 MPa, which is much higher than most reversible adhesive hydrogels reported before. The low vapor pressure of DES endows the gel excellent environmental stability. More importantly, the gel can be repeatedly switched between attachment and detachment states. The strong and reversible gel adhesive is successfully used to design soft gripper for the transport of heavy cargos and climbing robot capable of moving on vertical and inverted surface in a manner similar to gecko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyInstitute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Haocheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyInstitute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyInstitute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong UniversityCangzhou061000China
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2
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Li G, Zhang Z, Xiao W, Wu T, Xu J. Synthesis of functional polyacrylamide (co)polymers by organocatalyzed post-polymerization modification of non-activated esters. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28931-28939. [PMID: 37795050 PMCID: PMC10545946 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad application of polyacrylamides (PAMs) has greatly promoted the development of new synthetic methods to prepare PAM-based functional (co)polymers regarding their traditional preparation via the direct polymerization of various acrylamide monomers. Herein, we have explored the post-polymerization modification of the poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate) (PTFEA) homopolymer, a typical non-activated ester, and various amines using the organo-catalytic system involving 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,2,4-triazole (TA). The reaction kinetics (e.g., the optimized reaction solvent, temperature, time, initial molar ratio of amines to esters and the molar ratio of DBU to TA) were carefully studied with the modulus substrate of iso-propylamine as the formed poly(iso-propyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) representing the most investigated PAM. The full and partial amidation of the esters in PTFEA could be precisely regulated just by controlling the kinetic conditions to give (co)polymers with designable compositions and structures. We have demonstrated that the poly(N-acryloyl pyrrolidine) obtained by the post-polymerization modification of non-activated ester and pyrrolidine exhibited a noticeable phase transition, which confirmed the robustness and versatility of the post-polymerization modification. The described method paves the way for the synthesis of various (co)polymers with amide side chains from readily available polymer precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Advanced Materials for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Jiangxi General Institute of Testing and Certification Nanchang 330052 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Wu
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Advanced Materials for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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3
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Wong J, Wei S, Meir R, Sadaba N, Ballinger NA, Harmon EK, Gao X, Altin-Yavuzarslan G, Pozzo LD, Campos LM, Nelson A. Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D-Printed Particle-Reinforced Composite Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207673. [PMID: 36594431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High energy photons (λ < 400 nm) are frequently used to initiate free radical polymerizations to form polymer networks, but are only effective for transparent objects. This phenomenon poses a major challenge to additive manufacturing of particle-reinforced composite networks since deep light penetration of short-wavelength photons limits the homogeneous modification of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Herein, the unconventional, yet versatile, multiexciton process of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is employed for curing opaque hydrogel composites created by direct-ink-write (DIW) 3D printing. TTA-UC converts low energy red light (λmax = 660 nm) for deep penetration into higher-energy blue light to initiate free radical polymerizations within opaque objects. As proof-of-principle, hydrogels containing up to 15 wt.% TiO2 filler particles and doped with TTA-UC chromophores are readily cured with red light, while composites without the chromophores and TiO2 loadings as little as 1-2 wt.% remain uncured. Importantly, this method has wide potential to modify the chemical and mechanical properties of complex DIW 3D-printed composite polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitkanya Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shixuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rinat Meir
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Naroa Sadaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Nathan A Ballinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Harmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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4
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LCST/UCST Transition of Acrylate Copolymer with Cosolvency Behaviors in Alcohol Aqueous Solutions. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Cai S, He X. Multi-responsiveness N-vinylpyrrolidone and methyl acrylate copolymer with wide tunable range of response temperature. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang D, Gao S, Luo Y, Zhou X, Lu Z, Zou L, Hu K, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. Glucose-sensitive membrane with phenylboronic acid-based contraction-type microgels as chemical valves. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Umapathi R, Kumar K, Ghoreishian SM, Rani GM, Huh YS, Venkatesu P. Interactions between a biomedical thermoresponsive polymer and imidazolium-based ionic liquids: A comprehensive biophysical investigation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shah RA, Runge T, Ostertag TW, Tang S, Dziubla TD, Hilt JZ. Development of temperature-responsive polymeric gels with physical crosslinking due to intermolecular 𝜋-𝜋 interactions. POLYM INT 2022; 71:292-300. [PMID: 35695835 PMCID: PMC9173683 DOI: 10.1002/pi.6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAAm was polymerized with co-monomers containing a biphenyl moiety to create a unique thermoresponsive physically crosslinked system due to the presence of pi-pi interactions between the biphenyl moieties. The biphenyl monomers used were 2-phenylphenol monoacrylate (2PPMA) and 4-phenylphenol monoacrylate (4PPMA). These monomers were utilized to synthesize a set of polymers with biphenyl monomer (2PPMA/4PPMA) content from 2.5 to 7.5 mole percent and with initiator concentrations from 0.1 and 1.0 weight percent. The resulting polymers were characterized by various techniques, such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), swelling studies and mechanical testing. The decrease in the average molecular weight of the polymers due to the increase in the concentration of initiator was confirmed by GPC results. Swelling studies confirmed the expected temperature dependent swelling properties and explored the impact of the biphenyl comonomers. These studies indicated that with the increase in biphenyl comonomers, the physical crosslinking increases which leads to decrease in the swelling ratio. The results from the mechanical tests also depict the effect of the concentration of biphenyl comonomers. These physically crosslinked polymeric systems with their unique properties have potential applications spanning environmental remediation/sensing, biomedicine, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh A. Shah
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Tyler Runge
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Thomas W. Ostertag
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Shuo Tang
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Thomas D. Dziubla
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J. Zach Hilt
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Precise Synthesis and Thermoresponsive Property of Poly(ethyl glycidyl ether) and Its Block and Statistic Copolymers with Poly(glycidol). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223873. [PMID: 34833172 PMCID: PMC8623496 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a comprehensive study of the thermoresponsive properties of statistic copolymers and multiblock copolymers synthesized by poly(glycidol)s (PG) and poly(ethyl glycidyl ether) (PEGE) with different copolymerization methods. These copolymers were first synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP), which was initiated by tert-butylbenzyl alcohol (tBBA) and 1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene) (t-Bu-P4) as the catalyst, and then the inherent protective groups were removed to obtain the copolymers without any specific chain end groups. The thermoresponsive property of the statistic copolymer PGx-stat-PEGEy was compared with the diblock copolymer PGx-b-PEGEy, and the triblock copolymers were compared with the pentablock copolymers. Among them, PG-stat-PEGE, PG-b-PEGE-b-PG-b-PEGE-b-PG, and PEGE-b-PG-b-PEGE-b-PG-b-PEGE, and even the specific ratio of PEGE-b-PG-b-PEGE, exhibited LCST-type phase transitions in water, which were characterized by cloud point (Tcp). Although the ratio of x to y affected the value of the Tcp of PGx-stat-PEGEy, we found that the disorder of the copolymer has a decisive effect on the phase-transition behavior. The phase-transition behaviors of PG-b-PEGE, part of PEGE-b-PG-b-PEGE, and PG-b-PEGE-b-PG copolymers in water present a two-stage phase transition, that is, firstly LCST-type and then the upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-like phase transition. In addition, we have extended the research on the thermoresponsive properties of EGE homopolymers without specific α-chain ends.
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10
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Yadav R, Kahlon NK, Kumar S, Devunuri N, Venkatesu P. Biophysical study on the phase transition behaviour of biocompatible thermoresponsive polymer influenced by tryptophan-based amino acid ionic liquids. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Preparation and study on properties of dual responsive block copolymer-grafted polypyrrole smart Janus nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Kumar K, Umapathi R, Ramesh K, Hwang SK, Lim KT, Huh YS, Venkatesu P. Biological Stimuli-Induced Phase Transition of a Synthesized Block Copolymer: Preferential Interactions between PNIPAM- b-PNVCL and Heme Proteins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1682-1696. [PMID: 33492958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The beguiling world of functional polymers is dominated by thermoresponsive polymers with unique structural and molecular attributes. Limited work has been reported on the protein-induced conformational transition of block copolymers; furthermore, the literature lacks a clear understanding of the influence of proteins on the phase behavior of thermoresponsive copolymers. Herein, we have synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNIPAM-b-PNVCL) by RAFT polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide and N-vinylcaprolactam. Furthermore, using various biophysical techniques, we have explored the effect of cytochrome c (Cyt c), myoglobin (Mb), and hemoglobin (Hb) with varying concentrations on the aggregation behavior of PNIPAM-b-PNVCL. Absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were performed at room temperature to examine the copolymerization effect on fluorescent probe binding and biomolecular interactions between PNIPAM-b-PNVCL and proteins. Furthermore, temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering studies were performed to get deeper insights into the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM-b-PNVCL. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was also employed to understand the copolymer behavior in the presence of heme proteins. With the incorporation of proteins to PNIPAM-b-PNVCL aqueous solution, LCST has been varied to different extents owing to the preferential, molecular, and noncovalent interactions between PNIPAM-b-PNVCL and proteins. The present study can pave new insights between heme proteins and block copolymer interactions, which will help design biomimetic surfaces and aid in the strategic fabrication of copolymer-protein bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalyan Ramesh
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Hwang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Lu J, Xu M, Lei Y, Gong L, Zhao C. Aqueous Synthesis of Upper Critical Solution Temperature and Lower Critical Solution Temperature Copolymers through Combination of Hydrogen-Donors and Hydrogen-Acceptors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000661. [PMID: 33480461 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of thermo-responsive polymers from non-responsive and water-soluble monomers has great practical advantages but significant challenges. Herein, the authors report a novel aqueous copolymerization strategy to prepare polymers with tunable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) from non-responsive monomers. Acrylic acid (AAc), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), and acrylamide (AAm) are copolymerized in water, yielding copolymers with UCST behavior. Interestingly, by simply replacing AAm with its methylated homologue, dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), the thermo-responsiveness of the copolymers is converted into LCST-type. The cloud points of the copolymers can be tuned rationally with their monomer ratios and the condition of the solvent. The UCST property of the poly(AAc-NVP-AAm) comes from the AAc-AAm and AAc-NVP hydrogen-bonds, while the LCST property of poly(AAc-NVP-DMA) originates from the hydrophobic aggregation of AAc-NVP complex and DMA, as indicated by temperature-dependent 1 H NMR and dynamic light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Lu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Mengdi Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Lihao Gong
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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Zhou C, Chen Y, Huang M, Ling Y, Yang L, Zhao G, Chen J. A new type of dual temperature sensitive triblock polymer (P(AM- co-AN)- b-PDMA- b-PNIPAM) and its self-assembly and gel behavior. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A dual-action polymer (P(AM-co-AN)-b-PDMA-b-PNIPAM) and its sol–gel behavior only through simple temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and technology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and technology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and technology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and technology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and technology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Guochen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials
- Advanced Materials Institute
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250014
- China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and technology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
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Kumar K, Mogha NK, Yadav R, Venkatesu P. Insulin-induced conformational transition of fluorescent copolymers: a perspective of self-assembly between protein and micellar solutions of smart copolymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9573-9586. [PMID: 32322851 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesizing and understanding phase transition behavior of novel block copolymers is very crucial for fabricating next generation of smart materials with foreseeable applications. In this regard, we synthesized three random (r) copolymers of poly(N-vinyl-caprolactam) (PVCL) and poly(2-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) with varying percentages of each block and characterized them using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Synthesized copolymers i.e. PVCL30-PDMAEMA70, PVCL50-PDMAEMA50 and PVCL70-PDMAEMA30 have fluorescence properties, which were confirmed by time-resolved fluorescence spectra and emission spectra, and emission bands were observed at ∼310, ∼435 and ∼424 nm, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime for PVCL50-PDMAEMA50 is larger than those of the other two copolymers suggesting a slow decay of the excited state. The copolymers have spherical geometry as micelles, which were confirmed by TEM. We observed patterned arrangement of micelles and the arranged micelles appear to be pentagon in shape, creating space in between the arranged micelles; however, for PVCL50-PDMAEMA50, the arranged micelles do not form any particular shape. The thermal phase transition of PVCL-r-PDMAEMA in aqueous solution was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal fluorescence spectroscopy. In order to design a biomimetic polymer for bio-specific applications and to understand novel concepts towards polymer-protein interactions, we studied the effect of insulin on lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PVCL-r-PDMAEMA using multiple sophisticated techniques. The LCST is finely tuned by incorporation of two blocks with various block compositions and the value falls within the range of human body temperature, making PVCL50-PDMAEMA50 a highly compatible material for bio-medical and bio-material applications. Insulin forms a self-assembly with the monomers of PVCL-r-PDMAEMA, which leads to enhancing the micellar aggregates and the eventual decrease in the LCST of the diblock copolymer aqueous solution. The present study provides new insights into insulin-copolymer interactions and can be used for self-assembling nanocarriers and designing protein resistance surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India.
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17
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Functionalized carbon nanotubes modulate the phase transition behavior of thermoresponsive polymer via hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Wang R, Zhang M, Guan Y, Chen M, Zhang Y. A CO 2-responsive hydrogel film for optical sensing of dissolved CO 2. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6107-6115. [PMID: 31282902 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00958b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CO2-monitoring plays an important role in medicine, environmental sciences, and food industries. Here, a new CO2-responsive hydrogel film was fabricated from branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and partially oxidized dextran (PO-Dex) via layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, based on the in situ Schiff base reaction between the two polymers. The swelling behaviours of the films were studied using Fabry-Perot fringes on their reflection spectra. Like ordinary hydrogels, the BPEI/PO-Dex films swell in water. In addition, they swell to a larger degree when CO2 is introduced, due to the reaction between CO2 and the amino groups in BPEI. The CO2-induced swelling can be reported by the shift of the Fabry-Perot fringes on their reflection spectra; therefore, the BPEI/PO-Dex film can be used as an optical sensor for dissolved CO2. In the new sensor, the BPEI/PO-Dex film acts as a CO2-sensing material and Fabry-Perot cavity simultaneously. The introduction of ordered structure is no longer required. The response of the sensor to CO2 is linear and reversible. Unlike other hydrogel-based sensors that suffer from a slow response, the new sensor can respond to CO2 quickly, making it applicable for real-time, continuous monitoring of CO2 levels in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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