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Droumaguet BL, Grande D. Diblock and Triblock Copolymers as Nanostructured Precursors to Functional Nanoporous Materials: From Design to Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58023-58040. [PMID: 37906520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers have gained tremendous interest from the scientific community in the last two decades. These macromolecular architectures indeed constitute ideal nanostructured precursors for the generation of nanoporous materials meant for various high added value applications. The parallel emergence of controlled polymerization techniques has notably enabled to finely control their molecular features to confer them with unique structural and physicochemical properties, such as low dispersity values (Đ), well-defined volume fractions, and controlled functionality. The nanostructuration and ordering of diblock or triblock copolymers, which can be achieved through various experimental techniques, including channel die processing, solvent vapor or thermal annealing, nonsolvent-induced phase separation or concomitant self-assembly, and nonsolvent-induced phase separation, allows for the preparation of orientated microphase-separated copolymers whose morphology is dictated by three main factors, i.e., Flory-Huggins interaction parameter between constitutive blocks, volume fraction of the blocks, and polymerization degree. This review article provides an overview of the actual state of the art regarding the preparation of functional nanoporous materials from either diblock or triblock copolymers. It will also highlight the major applications of such peculiar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Le Droumaguet
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
| | - Daniel Grande
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, Thiais 94320, France
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2
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Hübner H, Niebuur BJ, Büttner T, Koch M, Stühn B, Kraus T, Scheschkewitz D, Gallei M. Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Carbosilane-Based Block Copolymers in Organic Media and Structure Formation in Colloidal Confinement. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hübner
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bart-Jan Niebuur
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Büttner
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Hübner H, Niebuur B, Janka O, Gemmer L, Koch M, Kraus T, Kickelbick G, Stühn B, Gallei M. Crystalline Carbosilane‐Based Block Copolymers: Synthesis by Anionic Polymerization and Morphology Evaluation in the Bulk State. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hübner
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry Universität des Saarlandes Campus Saarbrücken Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Bart‐Jan Niebuur
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Inorganic Solid‐State Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Lea Gemmer
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry Universität des Saarlandes Campus Saarbrücken Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Saarland University Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Guido Kickelbick
- Inorganic Solid‐State Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4 1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics Technical University of Darmstadt Hochschulstraße 8 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry Universität des Saarlandes Campus Saarbrücken Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability Campus C4 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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5
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Han XG, Sun ZH, Liang N, Zhang H. Aggregate behavior in amphiphilic coil/rod block copolymer solutions. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Pula P, Leniart A, Majewski PW. Solvent-assisted self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4042-4066. [PMID: 35608282 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-assisted block copolymer self-assembly is a compelling method for processing and advancing practical applications of these materials due to the exceptional level of the control of BCP morphology and significant acceleration of ordering kinetics. Despite substantial experimental and theoretical efforts devoted to understanding of solvent-assisted BCP film ordering, the development of a universal BCP patterning protocol remains elusive; possibly due to a multitude of factors which dictate the self-assembly scenario. The aim of this review is to aggregate both seminal reports and the latest progress in solvent-assisted directed self-assembly and to provide the reader with theoretical background, including the outline of BCP ordering thermodynamics and kinetics phenomena. We also indicate significant BCP research areas and emerging high-tech applications where solvent-assisted processing might play a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Pula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02089, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Leniart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02089, Poland.
| | - Pawel W Majewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02089, Poland.
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Liquid-Crystal Ordering and Microphase Separation in the Lamellar Phase of Rod-Coil-Rod Triblock Copolymers. Molecular Theory and Computer Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193392. [PMID: 34641206 PMCID: PMC8512297 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular model of the orientationally ordered lamellar phase exhibited by asymmetric rod-coil-rod triblock copolymers has been developed using the density-functional approach and generalizing the molecular-statistical theory of rod-coil diblock copolymers. An approximate expression for the free energy of the lamellar phase has been obtained in terms of the direct correlation functions of the system, the Flory-Huggins parameter and the Maier-Saupe orientational interaction potential between rods. A detailed derivation of several rod-rod and rod-coil density-density correlation functions required to evaluate the free energy is presented. The orientational and translational order parameters of rod and coil segments depending on the temperature and triblock asymmetry have been calculated numerically by direct minimization of the free energy. Different structure and ordering of the lamellar phase at high and low values of the triblock asymmetry is revealed and analyzed in detail. Asymmetric rod-coil-rod triblock copolymers have been simulated using the method of dissipative particle dynamics in the broad range of the Flory-Huggins parameter and for several values of the triblock asymmetry. It has been found that the lamellar phase appears to be the most stable one at strong segregation. The density distribution of the coil segments and the segments of the two different rods have been determined for different values of the segregation strength. The simulations confirm the existence of a weakly ordered lamellar phase predicted by the density-functional theory, in which the short rods separate from the long ones and are characterized by weak positional ordering.
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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Shiohara A, Prieto-Simon B, Voelcker NH. Porous polymeric membranes: fabrication techniques and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2129-2154. [PMID: 33283821 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Porous polymeric membranes have shown great potential in biological and biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, bioseparation, and biosensing, due to their structural flexibility, versatile surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. This review outlines the advantages and limitations of the fabrication techniques commonly used to produce porous polymeric membranes, with especial focus on those featuring nano/submicron scale pores, which include track etching, nanoimprinting, block-copolymer self-assembly, and electrospinning. Recent advances in membrane technology have been key to facilitate precise control of pore size, shape, density and surface properties. The review provides a critical overview of the main biological and biomedical applications of these porous polymeric membranes, especially focusing on drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, and bioseparation. The effect of the membrane material and pore morphology on the role of the membranes for each specific application as well as the specific fabrication challenges, and future prospects of these membranes are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Shiohara
- Drug Delivery, Deposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia and Melbourne Centre of Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Drug Delivery, Deposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain and ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Deposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia and Melbourne Centre of Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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10
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Lo Y, Chang C, Liu H, Huang C, Shi A. Self‐Assembly of Nonfrustrated ABCBA Linear Pentablock Terpolymers. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Tse Lo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Chin‐Hung Chang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Hsuan‐Hung Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Ching‐I. Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - An‐Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
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11
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Xiao LL, Zhou X, Yue K, Guo ZH. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E110. [PMID: 33383927 PMCID: PMC7796117 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, conjugated polymers (CPs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent conductivity and charge mobility, rendering them broad applications in organic electronics. Controlling over the morphologies and nanostructures of CPs is very important to improve the performance of CP-based devices, which is still a tremendously difficult task. Conjugated block copolymers (cBCPs), composed of different CP blocks or CP coupled with coiled polymeric blocks, not only maintain the advantages of high conductivity and mobility but also demonstrate features of morphological versatility and tunability. Due to the strong π-π interaction and crystallinity of the conjugated backbones, the self-assembly behaviors of cBCPs are very complicated and largely remain to be explored. In this tutorial review, we first summarize the general synthetic methods for different types of cBCPs. Then, recent studies on the self-assembly behaviors of cBCPs are discussed, with an emphasis on the structural factors that affect the morphologies of cBCPs both in bulk and thin film states. Finally, we briefly provide our outlook on the future research of the self-assembly of cBCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Xiao
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kan Yue
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Qiang Z, Wang M. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Enabling Advances in Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1342-1356. [PMID: 35638626 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades there has been a revolution in the field of optical microscopy with emerging capabilities such as super-resolution and single-molecule fluorescence techniques. Combined with the classical advantages of fluorescence imaging, such as chemical labeling specificity, and noninvasive sample preparation and imaging, these methods have enabled significant advances in our polymer community. This Viewpoint discusses several of these capabilities and how they can uniquely offer information where other characterization techniques are limited. Several examples are highlighted that demonstrate the ability of fluorescence microscopy to understand key questions in polymer science such as single-molecule diffusion and orientation, 3D nanostructural morphology, and interfacial and multicomponent dynamics. Finally, we briefly discuss opportunities for further advances in techniques that may allow them to make an even greater contribution in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Fernández-Regúlez M, Solano E, Evangelio L, Gottlieb S, Pinto-Gómez C, Rius G, Fraxedas J, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Nogales A, García-Gutiérrez MC, Ezquerra TA, Pérez-Murano F. Self-assembly of block copolymers under non-isothermal annealing conditions as revealed by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1278-1288. [PMID: 32876603 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520009820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An accurate knowledge of the parameters governing the kinetics of block copolymer self-assembly is crucial to model the time- and temperature-dependent evolution of pattern formation during annealing as well as to predict the most efficient conditions for the formation of defect-free patterns. Here, the self-assembly kinetics of a lamellar PS-b-PMMA block copolymer under both isothermal and non-isothermal annealing conditions are investigated by combining grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) experiments with a novel modelling methodology that accounts for the annealing history of the block copolymer film before it reaches the isothermal regime. Such a model allows conventional studies in isothermal annealing conditions to be extended to the more realistic case of non-isothermal annealing and prediction of the accuracy in the determination of the relevant parameters, namely the correlation length and the growth exponent, which define the kinetics of the self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Regúlez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08290, Spain
| | - Laura Evangelio
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Steven Gottlieb
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Christian Pinto-Gómez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Gemma Rius
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Fraxedas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | | | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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14
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Bilchak CR, Govind S, Contreas G, Rasin B, Maguire SM, Composto RJ, Fakhraai Z. Kinetic Monitoring of Block Copolymer Self-Assembly Using In Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1095-1101. [PMID: 35653214 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetic pathways of self-assembly in block copolymers (BCPs) has been a long-standing challenge, mostly due to limitations of in situ monitoring techniques. Here, we demonstrate an approach that uses optical birefringence, determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), as a measure of domain formation in cylinder- and lamellae-forming BCP films. The rapid experimental acquisition time in SE (ca. 1 sec) enables monitoring of the assembly/disassembly kinetics of BCP films during solvent-vapor annealing (SVA). We demonstrate that upon SVA, BCP films form ordered domains that are stable in the swollen state, but disorder upon rapid drying. Surprisingly, the disassembly during drying strongly depends on the duration of solvent exposure in the swollen state, explaining previous observations of loss of order in SVA processes. SE thus allows for decoupling of BCP self-assembly and disordering that occurs during solvent annealing and solvent evaporation, which is difficult to probe using other, slower techniques.
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15
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Aissou K, Mumtaz M, Demazy N, Pécastaings G, Fleury G, Hadziioannou G. Periodic Bicontinuous Structures Formed on the Top Surface of Asymmetric Triblock Terpolymer Thick Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:923-930. [PMID: 35619498 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process with a solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment is used to produce asymmetric and hydrophobic thick films having different long-range ordered network nanostructures, which are inaccessible via currently available membrane fabrication methods. We show that the disordered phase generated by NIPS on the material top surface can be transformed into a highly ordered bicontinuous network nanostructure during the SVA process without disrupting the substructure morphology. For instance, by using a straightforward blending approach, either a triply periodic alternating diamond (DA) structure or a core-shell perforated lamellar (PL) phase was demonstrated on the skin layer of fully hydrophobic poly(1,1-dimethyl silacyclobutane)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PDMSB-b-PS-b-PMMA) thick films. Such a material fabrication method, enabling the formation of a sponge-like substructure topped by a network phase having an excellent long-range order, provides an appealing strategy to facilitate the manufacture of next-generation membranes at large scale since these bicontinuous morphologies obviate the need of the nanochannel alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université de Montpellier - CNRS - ENSCM, 300 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nils Demazy
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gilles Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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