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Schyns ZG, Bennett TM, Davison GE, Shaver MP. Effect of Polymer Host on Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission of Fluorescent Optical Brighteners. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:2031-2040. [PMID: 38357437 PMCID: PMC10862481 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorophores displaying concentration-dependent luminescence are becoming increasingly valuable in stress-sensing, tagging, and dyeing applications, including the quantification of recycled content in plastic packaging. In this work, we investigate the effects of the polymer matrix, dye structure, and crystallinity on aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE). We demonstrate that the aggregation threshold required for successful quantification can be adjusted through modulation of guest-host (dye-polymer) interactions and monitored using an array of fluorescence characterization. Modification of guest-host interactions is realized through choice of host, change of guest, and tuning of the crystallinity of the host system. Increasing the number of guest-host interactions and solubility between guest and host, loosely predicted through the calculation of the solubility parameter, increases the aggregation threshold relative to other low-polarity and low-interacting systems. We demonstrate that issues, such as loading level and cost, associated with high aggregation thresholds, can be circumvented by increasing system crystallinity, improving spectral intensities, and subsequent quantification. These insights explore the fundamental understanding of supramolecular interactions that govern dye-polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé
O. G. Schyns
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. Bennett
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
| | - Gemma E. Davison
- ReCon Limited, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9BL, United
Kingdom
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2
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Nitta KH, Ito K, Ito A. A Phenomenological Model for Enthalpy Recovery in Polystyrene Using Dynamic Mechanical Spectra. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3590. [PMID: 37688216 PMCID: PMC10490033 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the effects of annealing time on the specific heat enthalpy of polystyrene above the glass transition temperature. We extend the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan (TNM) model to describe the endothermic overshoot peaks through the dynamic mechanical spectra. In this work, we accept the viewpoint that the enthalpy recovery behavior of glassy polystyrene (PS) has a common structural relaxation mode with linear viscoelastic behavior. As a consequence, the retardation spectrum evaluated from the dynamic mechanical spectra around the primary Tg peak is used as the recovery function of the endothermic overshoot of specific heat. In addition, the sub-Tg shoulder peak around the Tg peak is found to be related to the structural relaxation estimated from light scattering measurements. The enthalpy recovery of annealed PS is quantitatively described using retardation spectra of the primary Tg, as well as the kinetic process of the sub-Tg relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh-hei Nitta
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (A.I.)
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Makrushin V, Kossov A, Polevaya V, Levin I, Bezgin D, Syrtsova D, Matson S. The Effect of Stereoregularity and Adding Irganox 1076 on the Physical Aging Behavior of Poly(1-trimetylsilyl-1-propyne). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092172. [PMID: 37177319 PMCID: PMC10181482 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the stereoregularity of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PTMSP] (cis-content from 50 to 90%) on physical aging was investigated by measurement of the gas permeability. Films from pure PTMSP as well as those with the addition of the antioxidant Irganox 1076 were exposed to the air. The permeability of pure PTMSP films increases with an increase in cis-stereoregularity and correlates with an increase in interchain distances (according to X-ray analysis). For pure PTMSP films, the most significant aging (up to 50% of permeability drop) was observed for polymers with mixed microstructure, and the slowest aging (10-30% of permeability drop) was observed for polymers with cis-regular structure. For PTMSP films with added Irganox 1076, some decrease in permeability with time is also observed. The addition of Irganox 1076 to PTMSP in mixed as well as cis-enriched configurations visibly slows down aging. In the case of cis-regular PTMSP with a slow aging rate, the introduction of an antioxidant does not provide any advantages. The high stability of cis-regular PTMSP demonstrates the possibility of obtaining more stable membrane materials with the highest equilibrium state of the polymer selective layer prepared by casting solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Makrushin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Kossov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoriya Polevaya
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Levin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Bezgin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dariya Syrtsova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Samira Matson
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Structure change of atactic polystyrene upon aging. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Nolin A, Pierson K, Hlibok R, Lo CY, Kayser LV, Dhong C. Controlling fine touch sensations with polymer tacticity and crystallinity. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3928-3940. [PMID: 35546489 PMCID: PMC9302477 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The friction generated between a finger and an object forms the mechanical stimuli behind fine touch perception. To control friction, and therefore tactile perception, current haptic devices typically rely on physical features like bumps or pins, but chemical and microscale morphology of surfaces could be harnessed to recreate a wider variety of tactile sensations. Here, we sought to develop a new way to create tactile sensations by relying on differences in microstructure as quantified by the degree of crystallinity in polymer films. To isolate crystallinity, we used polystyrene films with the same chemical formula and number averaged molecular weights, but which differed in tacticity and annealing conditions. These films were also sufficiently thin as to be rigid which minimized effects from bulk stiffness and had variations in roughness lower than detectable by humans. To connect crystallinity to human perception, we performed mechanical testing with a mock finger to form predictions about the degree of crystallinity necessary to result in successful discrimination by human subjects. Psychophysical testing verified that humans could discriminate surfaces which differed only in the degree of crystallinity. Although related, human performance was not strongly correlated with a straightforward difference in the degree of crystallinity. Rather, human performance was better explained by quantifying transitions in steady to unsteady sliding and the generation of slow frictional waves (r2 = 79.6%). Tuning fine touch with polymer crystallinity may lead to better engineering of existing haptic interfaces or lead to new classes of actuators based on changes in microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Nolin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Kelly Pierson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Rainer Hlibok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Chun-Yuan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Laure V Kayser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Charles Dhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Frieberg BR, Glynos E, Sakellariou G, Tyagi M, Green PF. Effect of Molecular Stiffness on the Physical Aging of Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis
Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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8
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Luo S, Wang T, Ocheje MU, Zhang S, Xu J, Qian Z, Gu X, Xue G, Rondeau-Gagné S, Jiang J, Hu W, Zhuravlev E, Zhou D. Multiamorphous Phases in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers: From Bulk to Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen R&D Center, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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