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Zhang H, Guo M. Thermoresponsive On-Demand Adhesion and Detachment of a Polyurethane-Urea Bioadhesive. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43180-43188. [PMID: 39110843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of bioadhesives with strong adhesion and on-demand adhesion-detachment behavior is still critically important and challenging for facilitating painless and damage-free removal in clinical applications. In this work, for the first time, we report the easy fabrication of novel polyurethane-urea (PUU)-based bioadhesives with thermoresponsive on-demand adhesion and detachment behavior. The PUU copolymer was synthesized by a simple copolymerization of low-molecular-weight, hydrophilic, and biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol), glyceryl monolaurate (GML, a special chain extender with a long side hydrophobic alkyl group), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Here, GML was expected to not only adjust the temperature-dependent adhesion behavior but also act as an internal plasticizer. By simple adjustment of the water content, the adhesion strength of the 15 wt % water-containing PUU film toward porcine skin is as high as 55 kPa with an adhesion energy of 128 J/m2 at 37 °C. The adhesion strength dramatically decreases to only 3 kPa at 10 °C, exhibiting switching efficiency as high as 0.95. Furthermore, the present PUU-based adhesive also shows good on-demand underwater adhesion and detachment with a cell viability close to 100%. We propose that biomaterial research fields, especially novel PUU/polyurethane (PU)-based functional materials and bioadhesives, could benefit from such a novel thermoresponsive copolymer with outstanding mechanical and functional performances and an easy synthesis and scaled-up process as described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang Q, Song Y, Wu S, Lv J, Xiao Y, Ning Y, Tian H, Liu B. Dual Stimulus Responsive GO-Modified Tb-MOF toward a Smart Coating for Corrosion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29162-29176. [PMID: 38785388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Smart-sensing coatings that exhibit multistimulus response, rapid indication, and reusability are in urgent need to effectively enhance the practicability of coatings while accurately detecting metal corrosion. In this work, a reusable corrosion self-reporting coating with multiple pH and Fe3+ stimulus responses was first constructed by the integration of a composite fluorescent probe into the resin matrix. This composite sensor was constructed by combining a lanthanide metal-organic framework (Ln-MOF) based on terbium and trimeric acid (H3BTC) with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (GO@Tb-BTC). The incorporation of GO formed a sea-urchin-like structure, thereby increasing the specific surface area and active sites of the probe. The coatings were characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), visual observation, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The surface morphology, wettability, and adhesion of the coating samples were analyzed using SEM, XPS, hydrostatic contact angle test, and an adhesion test. EIS measurements in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution for 72 h demonstrated the superior corrosion protection performance of the 0.3 wt %/GO@Tb-BTC/WEP coating compared to blank coating, with the charge-transfer resistance reaching 4.33 × 107 Ω·cm2, which was 9.5 times higher than that of the pure coating. The bright green fluorescence of GO@Tb-BTC/WEP coating exhibited a turn-off response when there was an excess of OH-/H+, but it demonstrated a reversible turn-on fluorescence when the ambient pH returned to neutral. Furthermore, such Fe3+-triggered fluorescence quenching responded to concentrations as low as 1 × 10-6 M. The fluorescence quenching rate of both intact and damaged coatings surpassed that of visual and EIS detection methods. Significantly, the fluorescence in scratches was effectively quenched within 25 min using 0.3 wt %/GO@Tb-BTC/WPU coating for visual observation. GO@Tb-BTC demonstrated exceptional corrosion self-reporting capabilities in both epoxy and polyurethane systems, making it a versatile option beyond single-coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yihan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiangming Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yujie Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huayang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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3
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Unique Damping Properties of Modified Eucommia Ulmoides Gum Bearing Polar and Branched Pendants. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Zhang H, Han Z, Li Y, Quan Y, He J, Xie M. Enhancing elasticity of Eucommia ulmoides gum by branch pendant strategy. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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5
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Su E, Bayazit G, Ide S, Okay O. Butyl rubber-based interpenetrating polymer networks with side chain crystallinity: Self-healing and shape-memory polymers with tunable thermal and mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Nellepalli P, Patel T, Oh JK. Dynamic Covalent Polyurethane Network Materials: Synthesis and Self-Healability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100391. [PMID: 34418209 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) has not only been widely used in the daily lives, but also extensively explored as an important class of the essential polymers for various applications. In recent years, significant efforts have been made on the development of self-healable PU materials that possess high performance, extended lifetime, great reliability, and recyclability. A promising approach is the incorporation of covalent dynamic bonds into the design of PU covalently crosslinked polymers and thermoplastic elastomers that can dissociate and reform indefinitely in response to external stimuli or autonomously. This review summarizes various strategies to synthesize self-healable, reprocessable, and recyclable PU materials integrated with dynamic (reversible) Diels-Alder cycloadduct, disulfide, diselenide, imine, boronic ester, and hindered urea bond. Furthermore, various approaches utilizing the combination of dynamic covalent chemistries with nanofiller surface chemistries are described for the fabrication of dynamic heterogeneous PU composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pothanagandhi Nellepalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Twinkal Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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7
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Platonova E, Chechenov I, Pavlov A, Solodilov V, Afanasyev E, Shapagin A, Polezhaev A. Thermally Remendable Polyurethane Network Cross-Linked via Reversible Diels-Alder Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1935. [PMID: 34200958 PMCID: PMC8230680 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a series of thermally remendable and recyclable polyurethanes crosslinked via reversible furan-maleimide Diels-Alder reaction based on TDI end-caped branched Voranol 3138 terminated with difurfurylamine and 4,4'-bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane (BMI). We showed that Young modulus strongly depends on BMI content (from 8 to 250 MPa) that allows us to obtain materials of different elasticity as simple as varying BMI content. The ability of DA and retro-DA reactions between furan and maleimide to reversibly bind material components was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and recycle testing. All polymers obtained demonstrated high strengths and could be recovering without significant loss in mechanical properties for at least five reprocessing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Islam Chechenov
- Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Alexander Pavlov
- Laboratory for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitaliy Solodilov
- Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Laboratory of Reinforced Plastics, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Afanasyev
- Laboratory for Polymer Materials, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilova str., 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey Shapagin
- Laboratory of Structural and Morphological Investigations, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninsky Prospect 31, bld.4, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Polezhaev
- Laboratory of Functional Composite Materials, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya str., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (E.P.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
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8
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Montano V, Vogel W, Smits A, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. From Scratch Closure to Electrolyte Barrier Restoration in Self-Healing Polyurethane Coatings. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:2802-2812. [PMID: 34056616 PMCID: PMC8154210 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the soft block fraction and H-bond state in thermoplastic polyurethanes on autonomous entropy-driven scratch closure and barrier restoration are studied. To this aim, comparable polyurethanes with different segmentation states are applied as organic coatings on plain carbon steel plates, scratched under very well-controlled conditions, and the scratch closure and sealing kinetics are studied in detail. The scratch closure is measured optically, while the barrier restoration is probed by the accelerated cyclic electrochemical technique (ACET). Scratch closure, attributed to entropic elastic recovery (EER), is followed in a marked two-step process by barrier restoration governed by local viscous flow and the state of the interfacial hydrogen bonding. Polyurethanes with a lower soft phase fraction lead to a higher urea/urethane ratio, which in turn influences the healing efficiency of each healing step. Interestingly, softer polyurethanes leading to efficient crack closure were unable to sufficiently restore barrier properties. The present work highlights the critical role of the soft/hard block and urea/urethane H-bond state content on crack closure and barrier restoration of anticorrosive organic coatings and points at design rules for the design of more efficient corrosion-protective self-healing polyurethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Montano
- Novel
Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft 2629 HS, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Vogel
- Croda,
Coatings & Polymers business, Buurtje 1, Gouda 2802
BE, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Smits
- Croda,
Coatings & Polymers business, Buurtje 1, Gouda 2802
BE, The Netherlands
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel
Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft 2629 HS, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel
Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft 2629 HS, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhang G, Patel T, Nellepalli P, Bhagat S, Hase H, Jazani AM, Salzmann I, Ye Z, Oh JK. Macromolecularly Engineered Thermoreversible Heterogeneous Self-Healable Networks Encapsulating Reactive Multidentate Block Copolymer-Stabilized Carbon Nanotubes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000514. [PMID: 33988899 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of heterogeneous covalent adaptable networks (CANs) embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that undergo reversible dissociation/recombination through thermoreversibility has been significantly explored. However, the carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporation methods based on physical mixing and chemical modification could result in either phase separation due to structural incompatibility or degrading conjugation due to a disruption of π-network, thus lowering their intrinsic charge transport properties. To address this issue, the versatility of a macromolecular engineering approach through thermoreversibility by physical modification of CNT surfaces with reactive multidentate block copolymers (rMDBCs) is demonstrated. The formed CNTs stabilized with rMDBCs (termed rMDBC/CNT colloids) bearing reactive furfuryl groups is functioned as a multicrosslinker that reacts with a polymaleimide to fabricate robust heterogeneous polyurethane (PU) networks crosslinked through dynamic Diels-Alder (DA)/retro-DA chemistry. Promisingly, the fabricated PU network gels in which CNTs through rMDBC covalently embedded are flexible and robust to be bendable as well as exhibit self-healing elasticity and enhanced conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Twinkal Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pothanagandhi Nellepalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Shubham Bhagat
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Hannes Hase
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Arman Moini Jazani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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10
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Su E, Bilici C, Bayazit G, Ide S, Okay O. Solvent-Free UV Polymerization of n-Octadecyl Acrylate in Butyl Rubber: A Simple Way to Produce Tough and Smart Polymeric Materials at Ambient Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21786-21799. [PMID: 33908244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating challenges in recent years has been to produce mechanically robust and tough polymers with smart functions such as self-healing and shape-memory behavior. Here, we report a simple and versatile strategy for the preparation of a highly tough and highly stretchable interconnected interpenetrating polymer network (c-IPN) based on butyl rubber (IIR) and poly(n-octadecyl acrylate) (PC18A) with thermally induced healing and shape-memory functions. Solvent-free UV polymerization of n-octadecyl acrylate (C18A) at 30 ± 2 °C in the presence of IIR leads to IIR/PC18A c-IPNs with sea-island or co-continuous morphologies depending on their IIR contents. The lamellar crystals with a melting temperature Tm of 51-52 °C formed by side-by-side packed octadecyl (C18) side chains are responsible for more than 99% of effective cross-links in c-IPNs, the rest being hydrophobic associations and chemical cross-links. The c-IPNs exhibit varying stiffness (9-34 MPa), stretchability (72-740%), and a significantly higher toughness (1.9-12 MJ·m-3) than their components, which can be tuned by changing the IIR/PC18A weight ratio. The properties of c-IPNs could also be tuned by incorporating a second, noncrystallizable hydrophobic monomer, namely, lauryl methacrylate (C12M), in the melt mixture. We show that the lamellar clusters acting as sacrificial bonds break at the yield point by dissipation of energy, while the ductile amorphous continuous phase keeps the structure together, leading to the toughness improvement of c-IPNs. They exhibit a two-step healing process with >90% healing efficiency with respect to the modulus and a complete shape-recovery ratio induced by heating above Tm of alkyl crystals. The temperature-induced healing occurs via a quick step where C18 bridges form between the damaged surfaces followed by a slow step controlled by the interdiffusion of C18A segments in the bulk. We also show that the strategy developed here is suitable for a variety of rubbers and n-alkyl (meth)acrylates of various side-chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Su
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Bilici
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Bayazit
- Department of Physics Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Ide
- Department of Physics Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Ritzen L, Montano V, Garcia SJ. 3D Printing of a Self-Healing Thermoplastic Polyurethane through FDM: From Polymer Slab to Mechanical Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:305. [PMID: 33478159 PMCID: PMC7835810 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of self-healing (SH) polymers to make 3D-printed polymeric parts offers the potential to increase the quality of 3D-printed parts and to increase their durability and damage tolerance due to their (on-demand) dynamic nature. Nevertheless, 3D-printing of such dynamic polymers is not a straightforward process due to their polymer architecture and rheological complexity and the limited quantities produced at lab-scale. This limits the exploration of the full potential of self-healing polymers. In this paper, we present the complete process for fused deposition modelling of a room temperature self-healing polyurethane. Starting from the synthesis and polymer slab manufacturing, we processed the polymer into a continuous filament and 3D printed parts. For the characterization of the 3D printed parts, we used a compression cut test, which proved useful when limited amount of material is available. The test was able to quasi-quantitatively assess both bulk and 3D printed samples and their self-healing behavior. The mechanical and healing behavior of the 3D printed self-healing polyurethane was highly similar to that of the bulk SH polymer. This indicates that the self-healing property of the polymer was retained even after multiple processing steps and printing. Compared to a commercial 3D-printing thermoplastic polyurethane, the self-healing polymer displayed a smaller mechanical dependency on the printing conditions with the added value of healing cuts at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santiago J. Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands; (L.R.); (V.M.)
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12
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Montano V, Senardi M, van der Zwaag S, Garcia SJ. Linking interfacial work of deformation from deconvoluted macro-rheological spectrum to early stage healing in selected polyurethanes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21750-21760. [PMID: 32959838 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of rheology and terminal flow relaxation times to predict healing behavior at long healing times is by now quite well accepted. In this work we go one step further and explore the use of macro-rheology (in particular the stored work of deformation) to predict the early stage interfacial healing properties (fracture resistance) of a set of self-healing polyurethanes. The interfacial healing is measured by single edge notch fracture experiments, using short healing times and a low healing temperature to exclude the effect of long range molecular motion on mechanical properties restoration. The systems based on aromatic diisocyanates show high fracture resistance after healing, while very limited restoration of the mechanical properties is observed for aliphatic and cycloaliphatic based polyurethanes. Linear sweep rheology and time-temperature-superposition allow obtaining the macro-rheological master curve and the mechanical relaxation spectra (H(t)). The application of a recently established deconvolution protocol to the H(t) gives the characteristic relaxation times and stored works of deformation associated to individual dynamic processes such as segmental motion, reversible bonds, and terminal flow. It is found that the calculated stored works of deformation related to the reversible bond relaxation reproduce the trend observed by fracture resistance at healed interfaces and reveal a qualitative correspondence between reversible bonds work of deformation and interfacial healing fracture resistance. Moreover, the method seems to point to the existence of a threshold interfacial work of deformation below which no efficient load transfer can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Montano
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Michele Senardi
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Sybrand van der Zwaag
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Santiago J Garcia
- Novel Aerospace Materials group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.
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13
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Xiang C, Chen H, Wang W, Dai Q, Liu Z, Yang B, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Transparency‐tunable and moderate‐temperature healable thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer based on bisphenol A chain‐extender. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology Hubei Normal University Huangshi China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qiaoli Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Clean Production Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
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