1
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Schmid F. Understanding and Modeling Polymers: The Challenge of Multiple Scales. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Schmid
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128Mainz, Germany
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2
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Le ML, Grzetic DJ, Delaney KT, Yang KC, Xie S, Fredrickson GH, Chabinyc ML, Segalman RA. Electrostatic Interactions Control the Nanostructure of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte–Polymeric Ionic Liquid Blends. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- My Linh Le
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Douglas J. Grzetic
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kai-Chieh Yang
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shuyi Xie
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Ronsin OJJ, Harting J. Phase‐Field Simulations of the Morphology Formation in Evaporating Crystalline Multicomponent Films. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier J. J. Ronsin
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen‐Nürnberg for Renewable Energy Forschungszentrum Jülich Fürther Straße 248 90429 Nürnberg Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Fürther Straße 248 90429 Nürnberg Germany
| | - Jens Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen‐Nürnberg for Renewable Energy Forschungszentrum Jülich Fürther Straße 248 90429 Nürnberg Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Fürther Straße 248 90429 Nürnberg Germany
- Department of Physics Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Fürther Straße 248 90429 Nürnberg Germany
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4
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María N, Maiz J, Martínez-Tong DE, Alegria A, Algarni F, Zapzas G, Hadjichristidis N, Müller AJ. Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2442. [PMID: 34372044 PMCID: PMC8348057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers based on polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with compositions PM23-b-PVDF77 and PM38-b-PVDF62 (where the subscripts indicate the relative compositions in wt%) were compared with blends of neat components with identical compositions. The samples were studied by SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), BDS (broadband dielectric spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The results showed that the blends are immiscible, while the diblock copolymers are miscible in the melt state (or very weakly segregated). The PVDF component crystallization was studied in detail. It was found that the polymorphic structure of PVDF was a strong function of its environment. The number of polymorphs and their amount depended on whether it was on its own as a homopolymer, as a block component in the diblock copolymers or as an immiscible phase in the blends. The cooling rate in non-isothermal crystallization or the crystallization temperature in isothermal tests also induced different polymorphic compositions in the PVDF crystals. As a result, we were able to produce samples with exclusive ferroelectric phases at specific preparation conditions, while others with mixtures of paraelectric and ferroelectric phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás María
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Jon Maiz
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fatimah Algarni
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - George Zapzas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Abstract
Four decades of molecular theory and computation have helped form the modern understanding of the physical chemistry of organic semiconductors. Whereas these efforts have historically centered around characterizations of electronic structure at the single-molecule or dimer scale, emerging trends in noncrystalline molecular and polymeric semiconductors are motivating the need for modeling techniques capable of morphological and electronic structure predictions at the mesoscale. Provided the challenges associated with these prediction tasks, the community has begun to evolve a computational toolkit for organic semiconductors incorporating techniques from the fields of soft matter, coarse-graining, and machine learning. Here, we highlight recent advances in coarse-grained methodologies aimed at the multiscale characterization of noncrystalline organic semiconductors. As organic semiconductor performance is dependent on the interplay of mesoscale morphology and molecular electronic structure, specific emphasis is placed on coarse-grained modeling approaches capable of both structural and electronic predictions without recourse to all-atom representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Ribeiro AH, Haven J, Buckinx AL, Beuchel M, Philipps K, Junkers T, Michels JJ. Direct synthesis of light-emitting triblock copolymers from RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a straightforward and clean method to synthesize semiconducting triblockcopolymers (tri-BCPs) using RAFT polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joris Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Axel-Laurenz Buckinx
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | - Kai Philipps
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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7
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Philipps K, Junkers T, Michels JJ. The block copolymer shuffle in size exclusion chromatography: the intrinsic problem with using elugrams to determine chain extension success. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Is an increase in hydrodynamic volume always expected in block copolymer synthesis? Why SEC is sometimes not the last word.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Philipps
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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8
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Jangizehi A, Schmid F, Besenius P, Kremer K, Seiffert S. Defects and defect engineering in Soft Matter. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10809-10859. [PMID: 33306078 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter covers a wide range of materials based on linear or branched polymers, gels and rubbers, amphiphilic (macro)molecules, colloids, and self-assembled structures. These materials have applications in various industries, all highly important for our daily life, and they control all biological functions; therefore, controlling and tailoring their properties is crucial. One way to approach this target is defect engineering, which aims to control defects in the material's structure, and/or to purposely add defects into it to trigger specific functions. While this approach has been a striking success story in crystalline inorganic hard matter, both for mechanical and electronic properties, and has also been applied to organic hard materials, defect engineering is rarely used in soft matter design. In this review, we present a survey on investigations on defects and/or defect engineering in nine classes of soft matter composed of liquid crystals, colloids, linear polymers with moderate degree of branching, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, conjugated polymers, polymeric networks, self-assembled amphiphiles and proteins, block copolymers and supramolecular polymers. This overview proposes a promising role of this approach for tuning the properties of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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Zhang J, Meyer H, Virnau P, Daoulas KC. Can Soft Models Describe Polymer Knots? Macromolecules 2020; 53:10475-10486. [PMID: 33335339 PMCID: PMC7735749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Similar to macroscopic ropes and cables, long polymers create knots. We address the fundamental question whether and under which conditions it is possible to describe these intriguing objects with crude models that capture only mesoscale polymer properties. We focus on melts of long polymers which we describe by a model typical for mesoscopic simulations. A worm-like chain model defines the polymer architecture. To describe nonbonded interactions, we deliberately choose a generic "soft" repulsive potential that leads to strongly overlapping monomers and coarse local liquid structure. The soft model is parametrized to accurately reproduce mesoscopic structure and conformations of reference polymer melts described by a microscopic model. The microscopically resolved samples retain all generic features affecting polymer topology and provide, therefore, reliable reference data on knots. We compare characteristic knotting properties in mesoscopic and microscopically resolved melts for different cases of chain stiffness. We conclude that mesoscopic models can reliably describe knots in those melts, where the length scale characterizing polymer stiffness is substantially larger than the size of monomer-monomer excluded volume. In this case, simplified local liquid structure influences knotting properties only marginally. In contrast, mesoscopic models perform poorly in melts with flexible chains. We qualitatively explain our findings through a free energy model of simple knots available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zhang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Meyer
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR 22, Université
de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Virnau
- Institut
für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kostas Ch. Daoulas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Gao J, Lv C, An K, Gu X, Nie J, Li Y, Xu J, Du B. Observation of Double Gyroid and Hexagonally Perforated Lamellar Phases in ABCBA Pentablock Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kun An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Junting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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