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Liu Q, Yao X, Zhou L, Wu W, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Sun H, Jin J, Zhang M, Wu H, Zhu S, Yang W, Zhu L. A General Molecular Structural Design for Highly Efficient Photopyroptosis that can be Activated within 10 s Irradiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401145. [PMID: 38692574 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Photopyroptosis is an emerging research branch of photodynamic therapy (PDT), whereas there remains a lack of molecular structural principles to fabricate photosensitizers for triggering a highly efficient pyroptosis. Herein, a general and rational structural design principle to implement this hypothesis, is proposed. The principle relies on the clamping of cationic moieties (e.g., pyridinium, imidazolium) onto one photosensitive core to facilitate a considerable mitochondrial targeting (both of the inner and the outer membranes) of the molecules, thus maximizing the photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the specific site to trigger the gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis. Through this design, the pyroptotic trigger can be achieved in a minimum of 10 s of irradiation with a substantially low light dosage (0.4 J cm⁻2), compared to relevant work reported (up to 60 J cm⁻2). Moreover, immunotherapy with high tumor inhibition efficiency is realized by applying the synthetic molecules alone. This structural paradigm is valuable for deepening the understanding of PDT (especially the mitochondrial-targeted PDT) from the perspective of pyroptosis, toward the future development of the state-of-the-art form of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xianxian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianshuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shihui Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Zulkifli FZA, Ito M, Uno T, Kubo M. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Novel Polycyclopentadithiophene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4091. [PMID: 37896335 PMCID: PMC10610433 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel π-conjugated polymer based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and poly(4,4']-(((4Hcyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-4,4-diyl)bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(4-oxobutanoic acid)) (PCPDT-CO2H) was prepared as a sparingly soluble material. The generation of hydroxyl radicals from PCPDT-CO2H in water was confirmed by using coumarin as a hydroxyl radical indicator. Furthermore, PCPDT-CO2H was found to catalyze the oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acid and the oxidation of benzaldehyde, indicating that PCPDT-CO2H can be a promising candidate for metal-free and 100% organic heterogeneous photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zayanah Ahmad Zulkifli
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (M.I.); (T.U.)
| | | | | | - Masataka Kubo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan; (M.I.); (T.U.)
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Doettinger F, Yang Y, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Bichromophoric Photosensitizers: How and Where to Attach Pyrene Moieties to Phenanthroline to Generate Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8166-8178. [PMID: 37200533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and organic dye that can form superior bichromophoric systems when combined with a transition metal-based chromophore. However, little is known about the effect of the type of attachment (i.e., 1- vs 2-pyrenyl) and the individual position of the pyrenyl substituents at the ligand. Therefore, a systematic series of three novel diimine ligands and their respective heteroleptic diimine-diphosphine copper(I) complexes has been designed and extensively studied. Special attention was given to two different substitution strategies: (i) attaching pyrene via its 1-position, which occurs most frequently in the literature, or via its 2-position and (ii) targeting two contrasting substitution patterns at the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, i.e., the 5,6- and the 4,7-position. In the applied spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods (UV/vis, emission, time-resolved luminescence and transient absorption, cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory), it has been shown that the precise choice of the derivatization sites is crucial. Substituting the pyridine rings of phenanthroline in the 4,7-position with the 1-pyrenyl moiety has the strongest impact on the bichromophore. This approach results in the most anodically shifted reduction potential and a drastic increase in the excited state lifetime by more than two orders of magnitude. In addition, it enables the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield of 96% and the most beneficial activity in the photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxy-naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Doettinger
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yingya Yang
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Department of Energy Conversion, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Brauschweig, Rebenring 31, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Takahara C, Iwasaki S, Kihara H, Miyake Y, Imoto H, Naka K. 4-Aryldithieno[3,2- b:2',3'- d]arsoles: effects of the As-substituent on the structure, photophysical properties, and stability. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13734-13741. [PMID: 36004456 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]arsole (DTA) is one of the representative arsenic-containing conjugated units. In this work, the effects of the As-substituent on the structure, photophysical properties, and stability were investigated. Surprisingly, the As-substituent affected the structural relaxation and stability in the photo-excited state, while there was negligible effect in the ground state. Bulky substituents resulted in red-shifted emissions due to the relaxation of steric repulsion upon photo-excitation. In addition, the crystal structure highly affected the photo-degradation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Takahara
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Suzuka Iwasaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hyota Kihara
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Miyake
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. .,Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Kihara H, Imoto H, Naka K. Synthesis of main-chain-type triphenylarsine polymers. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Development of Long Wavelength Light-Absorptive Homopolymers Based on Pentaazaphenalene by Regioselective Oxidative Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224021. [PMID: 34833319 PMCID: PMC8619047 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and absorption properties of homopolymers consisting of 1,3,4,6,9b-pentaazaphenalene (5AP). Oxidative polymerization in the Scholl reaction was accomplished, and various lengths of homopolymers can be isolated. It should be noted that we scarcely observed the generation of structural isomers at the connecting points, which is often observed in this type of reaction. Therefore, we were able to evaluate electronic structures of the synthesized homopolymers. In addition, it was observed that absorption bands were obtained in the longer wavelength region than the monomer. The computer calculation suggests that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels could be lowered by electronic interaction through spatially-separated HOMOs of 5AP. Moreover, we can evaluate the extension of the conjugated system through the meta-substituted skeleton and distance dependency of the main-chain conjugation.
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Etim UJ, Bai P, Gazit OM, Zhong Z. Low-Temperature Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis and Molecular Oxygen Activation. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1919044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ubong J. Etim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Bai
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Oz M. Gazit
- Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa, Israel
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Harada N, Kataoka M, Nakanosho M, Uyama H. Penetration of Singlet Oxygen into Films with Oxygen Permeability Coefficient Close to that of Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:971-979. [PMID: 33973245 DOI: 10.1111/php.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although its antiviral and antibacterial functions help prevent infection, singlet oxygen (1 O2 )-which is generated by the action of light on an endogenous photosensitizer-is cytotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 1 O2 -generated by the action of visible light on a photosensitizer-to penetrate skin. We used two polymer films with oxygen permeability coefficients similar to that of skin-i.e. cellulose acetate (CA) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Both films contained 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), which was used as an 1 O2 probe. 1 O2 generated externally did not permeate the films by mere contact. Therefore, we conclude that the potential for 1 O2 to penetrate the skin is very low, and films that generate 1 O2 are safe and useful for preventing infections by contact. We also proved that 1 O2 can move between the layers of integrated polymer films when they are joined together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Harada
- Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Kataoka
- Nippon Shokubai Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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New Approach in the Application of Conjugated Polymers: The Light-Activated Source of Versatile Singlet Oxygen Molecule. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051098. [PMID: 33652904 PMCID: PMC7956640 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the research on conjugated polymers (CPs) has been mainly focused on their application in organic electronics. Recent works, however, show that due to the unique optical and photophysical properties of CPs, such as high absorption in UV–Vis or even near-infrared (NIR) region and efficient intra-/intermolecular energy transfer, which can be relatively easily optimized, CPs can be considered as an effective light-activated source of versatile and highly reactive singlet oxygen for medical or catalytic use. The aim of this short review is to present the novel possibilities that lie dormant in those exceptional polymers with the extended system of π-conjugated bonds.
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Yamazawa C, Hirano Y, Imoto H, Tsutsumi N, Naka K. Superior light-resistant dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]arsole-based polymers exhibiting ultrastable amplified spontaneous emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1595-1598. [PMID: 33480894 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07521c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, by amplified spontaneous emission measurements, dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]arsole (DTA)-bithiophene (DTA-BT) and DTA-ethynylbenzene (DTA-EB) polymer films exhibited considerable photostability under continuous pulsed pumping excitation for at least 15 h at the pumping energies, 28.9 and 20.7 μJ, respectively, showing an outstanding high light-resistance among the polymer-based gain media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Yamazawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Matsumura M, Matsuhashi Y, Kawakubo M, Hyodo T, Murata Y, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Yasuike S. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Optical Properties of Benzene-Fused Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Stiboles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010222. [PMID: 33406769 PMCID: PMC7795936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The expectation that antimony (Sb) compounds should display phosphorescence emissions based on the “heavy element effect” prompted our interest in the introduction of antimony to a biaryl as the bridging atom in a fused heterole system. Herein, the synthesis, molecular structures, and optical properties of novel benzene-fused heteroacenes containing antimony or arsenic atoms are described. The stiboles and arsole were prepared by the condensation of dibromo(phenyl)stibane or dichloro(phenyl)arsine with dilithium intermediates derived from the corresponding dibromo compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray crystal analysis revealed that the linear pentacyclic stibole was highly symmetric in both the solution and crystal states. In contrast, the curved pentacyclic stibole adopted a helical structure in solution, and surprisingly, only M helical molecules were crystallized from the racemate. All synthesized compounds produced very weak or no emissions at room temperature or in the solid state. In contrast, the linear penta- and tetracyclic stiboles exhibited clear phosphorescence emissions in the CHCl3 frozen matrix at 77 K under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Matsumura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuki Matsuhashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Masato Kawakubo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yuki Murata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan; (T.H.); (M.K.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-757-6774
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Li H, Yang J, Dong S, Li X. Influence of 25 MeV Si ions and 25 MeV O ions on the chemical and structural properties of PEEK films. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320976748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) material can be used in a wide variety of fields, such as the aerospace, automotive, electronics, and nuclear industries. In this research, the irradiation effect of 25 MeV Si ions and 25 MeV O ions on the PEEK films was studied, focusing on the changes in chemical and structural properties. By analyzing surface morphology and microstructure evolution of the PEEK films after 25 MeV Si ion and 25 MeV O ion irradiation, particles were generated on surface of the PEEK after 25 MeV Si ion irradiation and black dots were generated on surface of the PEEK after 25 MeV O ion irradiation. The irradiation reduced the surface roughness of the PEEK films from the atomic force microscopy (AFM) results. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that the groups and structure of the material were not changed by irradiation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the contents of the chemical bonds C–C, C=O increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the fluences. The generated free radicals were observed by the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) at room temperature and the irradiation degradation mechanisms were analyzed. Thermal properties of the PEEK irradiated by 25 MeV O ions, indicating that a new secondary crystallization peak was found during the cooling stage. Consequently, the low fluences irradiation improves in the viscoelasticity and mechanical properties of PEEK films, while the high fluences irradiation reduces its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jianqun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shangli Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xingji Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Li H, Yang J, Tian F, Li X, Dong S. Study on the Microstructure of Polyether Ether Ketone Films Irradiated with 170 keV Protons by Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112717. [PMID: 33212888 PMCID: PMC7698423 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) films irradiated with 170 keV protons were calculated by the stopping and ranges of ions in matter (SRIM) software. The results showed that the damage caused by 170 keV protons was only several microns of the PEEK surface, and the ionization absorbed dose and displacement absorbed dose were calculated. The surface morphology and roughness of PEEK after proton irradiation were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM). GISAXS was used to analyze the surface structural information of the pristine and irradiated PEEK. The experimental results showed that near the surface of the pristine and irradiated PEEK exists a peak, and the peak gradually disappeared with the increasing of the angles of incidence and the peak changed after irradiation, which implies the 170 keV protons have an effect on PEEK structure. The influences of PEEK irradiated with protons on the melting temperature and crystallization temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results showed that the crystallinity of the polymer after irradiation decreased. The structure and content of free radicals of pristine and irradiated PEEK were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The stress and strain test results showed that the yield strength of the PEEK irradiated with 5 × 1015 p/cm2 and 1 × 1016 p/cm2 was higher than the pristine, but the elongation at break of the PEEK irradiated with 5 × 1015 p/cm2 and 1 × 1016 p/cm2 decreased obviously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianqun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China;
| | - Xingji Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.D.); Tel.: +86-4518-6412-462 (X.L.)
| | - Shangli Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.D.); Tel.: +86-4518-6412-462 (X.L.)
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