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Dow XY, Gao Q, Sperduto JL, Wen X, Thai C, Zhang L, McCoy MA. High-Throughput Fluorometric Assay For Quantifying Polysorbate In Biopharmaceutical Products Using Micelle Activated Fluorescence Probe N-Phenyl-1-Naphthylamine. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1455-1473. [PMID: 38955997 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polysorbates are among the most used surfactants in biopharmaceutical products containing proteins. Our work aims to develop a high-throughput fluorometric assay to further diversify the analytical toolbox for quantification of PSs. METHOD The assay leverages the micelle activated fluorescence signal from N-Phenyl-1-Naphthylamine (NPN). The development and optimization of assay parameters were guided by the pre-defined analytical target profile. Furthermore, NMR was used to probe the interaction between protein, PS80 and NPN in the measurement system and understand protein interference. RESULTS All assay parameters including excitation and emission wavelengths, standard curve, NPN concentration, and incubation time have been optimized and adapted to a microplate format, making it compatible with automated solutions that will be pursued in the near future to drive consistency and efficiency in our workflows. The specificity, accuracy, and precision of the assay have been demonstrated through a case study. Furthermore, NMR results provided additional insight into the change of the interaction dynamics between PS80 and NPN as the protein concentration increases. The results indicate minimal interaction between the protein and PS80 at lower concentration. However, when the concentration exceeds 75 mg/mL, there is a significant interaction between the protein and PS-80 micelle and monomer. CONCLUSION A high-throughput fluorometric assay has been developed for quantification of polysorbates in biopharmaceutical samples including in-process samples, drug substance and drug product. The assay reported herein could serve as a powerful analytical tool for polysorbate quantification and control, complementing the widely used liquid chromatography with charged aerosol detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Y Dow
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.
| | - Qi Gao
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - John L Sperduto
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Christopher Thai
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Mark A McCoy
- Quantitative Biosciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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Rana AA, Yusaf A, Shahid S, Usman M, Ahmad M, Aslam S, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. Unveiling the Role of Nonionic Surfactants in Enhancing Cefotaxime Drug Solubility: A UV-Visible Spectroscopic Investigation in Single and Mixed Micellar Formulations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1663. [PMID: 38139790 PMCID: PMC10747636 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the interfacial phenomenon of cefotaxime in combination with nonionic surfactants, Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Tween-80 (TW-80), and their mixed micellar formulations. Cefotaxime was enclosed in a micellar system to improve its solubility and effectiveness. TX-100 and TW-80 were used in an amphiphilic self-assembly process to create the micellar formulation. The effect of the addition of TX-100, a nonionic surfactant, on the ability of TW-80 to solubilize the drug was examined. The values of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were determined via UV-Visible spectroscopy. Gibbs free energies (ΔGp and ΔGb), the partition coefficient (Kx), and the binding constant (Kb) were also computed. In a single micellar system, the partition coefficient (Kx) was found to be 33.78 × 106 and 2.78 × 106 in the presence of TX-100 and TW-80, respectively. In a mixed micellar system, the value of the partition coefficient for the CEF/TW-80 system is maximum (5.48 × 106) in the presence of 0.0019 mM of TX-100, which shows that TX-100 significantly enhances the solubilizing power of micelles. It has been demonstrated that these surfactants are effective in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. This study elaborates on the physicochemical characteristics and solubilization of reactive drugs in single and mixed micellar media. This investigation, conducted in the presence of surfactants, shows a large contribution to the binding process via both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Arshad Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amnah Yusaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Salma Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Wang D, Su Y, Chen K. Fast Dynamics of Difluprednate in Micelles or Swollen-Micelles Revealed by 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spin Relaxation Rates. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4837-4841. [PMID: 37193655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of molecular rotational dynamics is critical to interpret solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The observation of sharp solute NMR signals in micelles contradicted the surfactant viscosity effects noted in the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) equation. Herein, the 19F spin relaxation rates of difluprednate (DFPN) drug dissolved in polysorbate-80 (PS-80) micelles and castor oil swollen micelles (s-micelle) were measured and adequately fit using an isotropic diffusion model based spectral density function. Despite the high viscosity of PS-80 and castor oil, the fitting results revealed fast 4 and 12 ns dynamics of DFPN in both micelle globules. The observation of the fast ns motion in the viscous surfactant/oil micelle phase demonstrated motion decoupling between solute molecules inside micelles and the micelle itself in an aqueous solution. These observations support the role of intermolecular interaction in governing the rotational dynamics of small molecules, versus the viscosity of the solvent molecules as defined in the SED equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- Division of Liquid Based Products II, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li H, Liu C, Quan P, Fang L. The role of hydrophilic/hydrophobic group ratio of polyvinyl alcohol on the miscibility of amlodipine in orodispersible films: From molecular mechanism study to product attributes. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122383. [PMID: 36370996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The miscibility of the therapeutic drug in the polymer matrix is the key to the successful design and development of orodispersible films (ODFs). In the present study, four hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) with identical polymerization degree were investigated as carriers for Amlodipine (AML) ODFs systematically. The drug-polymer miscibility and the intermolecular interaction were investigated by Flory-Huggins theory, Gordon-Taylor theory, molecular simulation, FTIR, Raman and 1H NMR. The product attributes of ODFs were also studied. A pharmacokinetic study in rats was then conducted using the film product of PVA5-72, the best performer tested. The results revealed that the drug-polymer miscibility decreased linearly with the increase of hydrolyzed degree of PVA. Hydrogen bonds formed between the drug and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of PVAs were the main intermolecular interaction that caused the differences in drug-polymer miscibility. Furthermore, drug-polymer interaction influenced the product attributes of ODFs, including dissolution profile, mechanical properties and physical stability. The pharmacokinetic study showed the ODFs disintegrated rapidly, and the amorphous AML dissolved and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, which was comparable to the commercial product. The research offered a foundation for development scientists in designing and formulating PVA films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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