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Romański M, Staniszewska M, Dobosz J, Myslitska D, Paszkowska J, Kołodziej B, Romanova S, Banach G, Garbacz G, Sarcevica I, Huh Y, Purohit V, McAllister M, Wong SM, Danielak D. More Than a Gut Feeling─A Combination of Physiologically Driven Dissolution and Pharmacokinetic Modeling as a Tool for Understanding Human Gastric Motility. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3824-3837. [PMID: 38958668 PMCID: PMC11345944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In vivo studies of formulation performance with in vitro and/or in silico simulations are often limited by significant gaps in our knowledge of the interaction between administered dosage forms and the human gastrointestinal tract. This work presents a novel approach for the investigation of gastric motility influence on dosage form performance, by combining biopredictive dissolution tests in an innovative PhysioCell apparatus with mechanistic physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling. The methodology was based on the pharmacokinetic data from a large (n = 118) cohort of healthy volunteers who ingested a capsule containing a highly soluble and rapidly absorbed drug under fasted conditions. The developed dissolution tests included biorelevant media, varied fluid flows, and mechanical stress events of physiological timing and intensity. The dissolution results were used as inputs for pharmacokinetic modeling that led to the deduction of five patterns of gastric motility and their prevalence in the studied population. As these patterns significantly influenced the observed pharmacokinetic profiles, the proposed methodology is potentially useful to other in vitro-in vivo predictions involving immediate-release oral dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Romański
- Department
of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Dobosz
- Physiolution
Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego
St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daria Myslitska
- Physiolution
Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego
St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Banach
- Physiolution
Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego
St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution
Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego
St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Inese Sarcevica
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer R&D
UK Ltd., Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K.
| | - Yeamin Huh
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Vivek Purohit
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark McAllister
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer R&D
UK Ltd., Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K.
| | - Suet M. Wong
- Worldwide
Research and Development, Pfizer R&D
UK Ltd., Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K.
| | - Dorota Danielak
- Department
of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Staniszewska M, Myslitska D, Romański M, Polak S, Garbacz G, Dobosz J, Smoleński M, Paszkowska J, Danielak D. In Vitro Simulation of the Fasted Gastric Conditions and Their Variability to Elucidate Contrasting Properties of the Marketed Dabigatran Etexilate Pellet-Filled Capsules and Loose Pellets. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2456-2472. [PMID: 38568423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Variability of the gastrointestinal tract is rarely reflected in in vitro test protocols but often turns out to be crucial for the oral dosage form performance. In this study, we present a generation method of dissolution profiles accounting for the variability of fasted gastric conditions. The workflow featured 20 biopredictive tests within the physiological variability. The experimental array was constructed with the use of the design of experiments, based on three parameters: gastric pH and timings of the intragastric stress event and gastric emptying. Then, the resulting dissolution profiles served as a training data set for the dissolution process modeling with the machine learning algorithms. This allowed us to generate individual dissolution profiles under a customizable gastric pH and motility patterns. For the first time ever, we used the method to successfully elucidate dissolution properties of two dosage forms: pellet-filled capsules and bare pellets of the marketed dabigatran etexilate product Pradaxa. We showed that the dissolution of capsules was triggered by mechanical stresses and thus was characterized by higher variability and a longer dissolution onset than observed for pellets. Hence, we proved the applicability of the method for the in vitro and in silico characterization of immediate-release dosage forms and, potentially, for the improvement of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Myslitska
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Romański
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Dobosz
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Smoleński
- Physiolution Polska, 74 Piłsudskiego St., 50-020 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Danielak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Wang K, Amidon GL, Smith DE. Physiological Dynamics in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and the Development of Gastrointestinal Absorption Models for the Immediate-Release Oral Dosage Forms in Healthy Adult Human. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2607-2626. [PMID: 37783928 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is a revisit of various oral drug absorption models developed in the past decades, focusing on how to incorporate the physiological dynamics in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For immediate-release oral drugs, GI absorption is a critical input of drug exposure and subsequent human body response, yet difficult to model largely due to the complex GI environment. One of the biggest hurdles lies at capturing the high within-subject variability (WSV) of bioavailability measures, which can be mechanistically explained by the GI physiological dynamics. A thorough summary of how GI dynamics is handled in the absorption models would promote the development of mechanism-based oral drug absorption models, aid in the design of clinical studies regarding dosing regimens and bioequivalence studies based on WSV, and advance the decision-making on formulation selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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4
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Wang K, Marciani L, Amidon GL, Smith DE, Sun D. Stochastic Differential Equation-based Mixed Effects Model of the Fluid Volume in the Fasted Stomach in Healthy Adult Human. AAPS J 2023; 25:76. [PMID: 37498389 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate and extent of drug dissolution and absorption from a solid oral dosage form depend largely on the fluid volume along the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, a model built upon the gastric fluid volume profiles can help to predict drug dissolution and subsequent absorption. To capture the great inter- and intra-individual variability (IAV) of the gastric fluid volume in fasted human, a stochastic differential equation (SDE)-based mixed effects model was developed and compared with the ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based model. Twelve fasted healthy adult subjects were enrolled and had their gastric fluid volume measured before and after consumption of 240 mL of water at pre-determined intervals for up to 2 hours post ingestion. The SDE- and ODE-based mixed effects models were implemented and compared using extended Kalman filter algorithm via NONMEM. The SDE approach greatly improved the goodness of fit compared with the ODE counterpart. The proportional and additive measurement error of the final SDE model decreased from 14.4 to 4.10% and from 17.6 to 4.74 mL, respectively. The SDE-based mixed effects model successfully characterized the gastric volume profiles in the fasted healthy subjects, and provided a robust approximation of the physiological parameters in the very dynamic system. The remarkable IAV could be further separated into system dynamics terms and measurement error terms in the SDE model instead of only empirically attributing IAV to measurement errors in the traditional ODE method. The system dynamics were best captured by the random fluctuations of gastric emptying coefficient Kge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - David E Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Tao Q, Sun Q, Zheng Y, Yin D, Yang Y. A possible but unrecognized risk of acceptable daily intake dose triazole pesticides exposure-bile acid disturbance induced pharmacokinetic changes of oral medication. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138209. [PMID: 36822518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole antifungal pesticides work by inhibiting the activity of lanosterol-14-α-demethylase, a member of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), but this effect is non-specific. Bile acids (BAs) are important physical surfactants for lipids absorption in intestine, and synthesized by CYPs 7A1/27A1. Thus, we presume that triazole exposure might influence the therapeutic effect or safety of oral medication through disturbing the BAs pool, even though the exposure is under an acceptable daily intake (ADI) dose. Short- and long-term of ADI dose tebuconazole (TEB) exposure animal models were established through various routes, and statins with different hydrophilic and lipophilic properties were gavaged. It exhibited that the activity of CYP7A1/27A1 was indeed inhibited but the expression was up-regulated, the BAs pool was changed either the content and the composition, and the absorption behavior of statins with strong and medium degree of lipid-solubility were significantly changed. A series of experiments performed on models of intestinal mucus, Caco-2 cell monolayer and Caco-2/HT29 co-culture system revealed that the TEB-exposure induced BAs disturbance made impacts on drug absorption in many aspects, including drug solubility and the structure of intestinal barriers. This study suggests us to be more alert about the hazard of pesticides residues for elderly and chronically ill groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Quan Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Quanwei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yuyu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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6
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Tsume Y. Evaluation and prediction of oral drug absorption and bioequivalence with food-drug interaction. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 50:100502. [PMID: 37001300 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the impacts on the in vivo prediction of oral bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE) based on Biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS) by the food-drug interaction (food effect) and the gastrointestinal (GI) environmental change. Various in vitro and in silico predictive methodologies have been used to expect the BA and BE of the test oral formulation. Food intake changes the GI physiology and environment, which affect oral drug absorption and its BE evaluation. Even though the pHs and bile acids in the GI tract would have significant influence on drug dissolution and, hence, oral drug absorption, those impacts largely depend on the physicochemical properties of oral medicine, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). BCS class I and III drugs are high soluble drugs in the physiological pH range, food-drug interaction may not affect their BA. On the other hand, BCS class II and IV drugs have pH-dependent solubility, and the more bile acid secretion and the pH changes by food intake might affect their BA. In this report, the GI physiological changes between the fasted and fed states are described and the prediction on the oral drug absorption by food-drug interaction have been introduced.
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Matsui K, Nakamichi K, Nakatani M, Yoshida H, Yamashita S, Yokota S. Lowly-buffered biorelevant dissolution testing is not necessarily biopredictive of human bioequivalence study outcome: Relationship between dissolution and pharmacokinetics. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122531. [PMID: 36563795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been revealed that buffer capacity of aspirated human intraluminal fluid is much lower than that of in vitro compendial dissolution media. Since buffer capacity significantly alters the dissolution profile of certain drug products, dissolution testing in highly buffered media dictates poor predictability of in vivo drug performance. To mitigate this inconsistency, low buffer capacity medium was suggested as an in vivo representation (biorelevant dissolution testing). The purpose of this study was to characterize the dissolution profiles of enteric-coated drug products in different buffer capacity media in a flow through cell dissolution apparatus, and to evaluate the in vivo predictability of human bioequivalence study outcomes conducted in the fasted state. It was confirmed that the lower the buffer capacity of dissolution media, the higher the discriminatory power of esomeprazole magnesium hydrate enteric-coated pellets, reflecting human bioequivalence failure. In the meantime, two duloxetine hydrochloride enteric-coated pellets also exhibited distinct dissolution profiles in such a lowly buffered medium despite the fact that these two are bioequivalent in human. Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characteristics comparison suggested that low intestinal permeability and small systemic elimination rate of duloxetine hinders the clear impact of different dissolution profile on its in vivo performance. These data suggest that dissolution comparison in physiologically-relevant low buffer capacity media is not always indicative of human bioequivalence. Instead, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects must be taken into consideration to make biorelevant dissolution testing biopredictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsui
- Research & Development Division, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0003, Japan.
| | - Katsuki Nakamichi
- Research & Development Division, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakatani
- Research & Development Division, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shoji Yokota
- Research & Development Division, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0003, Japan
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8
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Zhang Z, Chen S, Wen M, He H, Zhang Y, Yin T, Gou J, Tang X. Alleviating the Influence of Circadian Rhythms and Drug Properties to the Release of Paliperidone Gel Matrix Tablets with Compression Coating Technology and Microenvironment Shaping. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:228. [PMID: 35974217 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of circadian rhythms is an important content in oral dosage form study which is shown as different pH conditions and gastrointestinal dynamics in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was to alleviate the influence of circadian rhythms and drug properties to the release of gel matrix tablets in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the compression coating technology and microenvironment shaping were utilized to achieve the alleviation of the influence of circadian rhythms and drug properties. The compression coating technology was used to alleviate the influence of gastrointestinal dynamics, and microenvironment shaping was used to alleviate the interference of different pH condition variations. The self-made compression coating tablet could maintain a consistent release rate in different pH conditions and different dynamic environments in vitro for 24 h. In vivo, the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and Tmax were 3701.675 ng/mL and 24 h, respectively, and the release effect in vivo was similar to the paliperidone osmotic pump tablet with the ability to alleviate the influence of circadian rhythms. The correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9914 for the self-made paliperidone compression coating tablet in vitro-in vivo correlation. The interference caused by circadian rhythms was alleviated so that the compression coating technology with microenvironment shaping could replace the osmotic pump technology with easier preparation process and cheaper costs in vitro and in vivo and achieve the effect of alleviating the interference of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Formulation strategies to improve the efficacy of intestinal permeation enhancers . Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113925. [PMID: 34418495 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical permeation enhancers (PEs) is the most widely tested approach to improve oral absorption of low permeability active agents, as represented by peptides. Several hundred PEs increase intestinal permeability in preclinical bioassays, yet few have progressed to clinical testing and, of those, only incremental increases in oral bioavailability (BA) have been observed. Still, average BA values of ~1% were sufficient for two recent FDA approvals of semaglutide and octreotide oral formulations. PEs are typically screened in static in vitro and ex-vivo models where co-presentation of active agent and PE in high concentrations allows the PE to alter barrier integrity with sufficient contact time to promote flux across the intestinal epithelium. The capacity to maintain high concentrations of co-presented agents at the epithelium is not reached by standard oral dosage forms in the upper GI tract in vivo due to dilution, interference from luminal components, fast intestinal transit, and possible absorption of the PE per se. The PE-based formulations that have been assessed in clinical trials in either immediate-release or enteric-coated solid dosage forms produce low and variable oral BA due to these uncontrollable physiological factors. For PEs to appreciably increase intestinal permeability from oral dosage forms in vivo, strategies must facilitate co-presentation of PE and active agent at the epithelium for a sustained period at the required concentrations. Focusing on peptides as examples of a macromolecule class, we review physiological impediments to optimal luminal presentation, discuss the efficacy of current PE-based oral dosage forms, and suggest strategies that might be used to improve them.
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An Assessment of Occasional Bio-Inequivalence for BCS1 and BCS3 Drugs: What are the Underlying Reasons? J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:124-134. [PMID: 34363838 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite having adequate solubility properties, bioequivalence (BE) studies performed on immediate release formulations containing BCS1/3 drugs occasionally fail. By systematically evaluating a set of 17 soluble drugs where unexpected BE failures have been reported and comparing to a set of 29 drugs where no such reports have been documented, a broad assessment of the risk factors leading to BE failure was performed. BE failures for BCS1/3 drugs were predominantly related to changes in Cmax rather than AUC. Cmax changes were typically modest, with minimal clinical significance for most drugs. Overall, drugs with a sharp plasma peak were identified as a key factor in BE failure risk. A new pharmacokinetic term (t½Cmax) is proposed to identify drugs at higher risk due to their peak plasma profile shape. In addition, the analysis revealed that weak acids, and drugs with particularly high gastric solubility are potentially more vulnerable to BE failure, particularly when these features are combined with a sharp Cmax peak. BCS3 drugs, which are often characterised as being more vulnerable to BE failure due to their potential for permeation and transit to be altered, particularly by excipient change, were not in general at greater risk of BE failures. These findings will help to inform how biowaivers may be optimally applied in the future.
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11
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Karatza E, Karalis V. Investigating the Impact of Gastric Emptying on Pharmacokinetic Parameters Using Delay Differential Equations and Principal Component Analysis. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 46:451-458. [PMID: 33768449 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Losartan presents multiple peaks after single oral administration, which can be attributed to gastric emptying. The aim of this study was to describe the multiple peak phenomenon of losartan using a delay differential model and a model with sine function. The impact of gastric emptying on pharmacokinetic parameters was investigated by applying principal component analysis to the individual parameter estimates. METHODS Using MonolixTM, two population pharmacokinetic models were developed to describe the multiple peak phenomenon; the first using delay differential equations and the second using a sine function. Matlab® delay differential equation solver was used to arithmetically solve both functions. Principal component analysis and all statistical analyses were performed in the R language. RESULTS The description of losartan multiple peaks can be achieved by the use of either delay differential equations or typical sine wave functions. Principal component analysis unveiled the impact of gastric emptying on the pharmacokinetic parameters. In the case of the delay differential equation model, a negative relationship was found between the constant delay tau1 and the parameters reflecting rate and extent of absorption (i.e., area under the curve [AUC], peak plasma concentration [Cmax], and the absorption rate constant). Similar results were obtained from the sine model, where a higher amplitude and lower period (i.e., higher frequency) of gastric emptying were associated with higher AUC and Cmax values. CONCLUSIONS The observed multiple peaks for certain drugs like losartan can be attributed to gastric emptying. Parameters describing gastric emptying can be associated with pharmacokinetic metrics like AUC and Cmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karatza
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM)/Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vangelis Karalis
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece. .,Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM)/Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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12
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Boullata JI. Enteral Medication for the Tube-Fed Patient: Making This Route Safe and Effective. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 36:111-132. [PMID: 33373487 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of medication through an enteral access device requires important forethought. Meeting a patient's therapeutic needs requires achieving expected drug bioavailability without increasing the risk for toxicity, therapeutic failure, or feeding tube occlusion. Superimposing gut dysfunction, critical illness, or enteral nutrition-drug interaction further increases the need for a systematic approach to prescribing, evaluating, and preparing a drug for administration through an enteral access device. This review will explain the fundamental factors involved in drug bioavailability through the gut, address the influencing considerations for the enterally fed patient, and describe best practices for enteral drug preparation and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Boullata
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Penn Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Karatza E, Karalis V. Delay differential equations for the description of Irbesartan pharmacokinetics: A population approach to model absorption complexities leading to dual peaks. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105498. [PMID: 32736091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irbesartan is a poorly soluble BCS class II compound with weak acidic properties. After oral administration, dual peaks are noted in its concentration (C) - time (t) profile, a phenomenon that may be attributed to enterohepatic recirculation, gastric emptying and/or other absorption complexities related to its pH- and buffer capacity-dependent dissolution behavior. A population pharmacokinetic model, encompassing delay differential equations, was found the most appropriate approach to describe dual peaks in irbesartan's C-t profiles. Parameters estimated were: the absorption rate constant in the central compartment (ka = 0.304 h-1), the constant time delay between the administration and the absorption (T=1.68 h), the apparent volume of distribution of the central (V1/F = 13.8 L) and peripheral (V2/F = 85.8 L) compartment, the apparent clearance from the central compartment (CL/F = 13.5 L/h), and the inter-compartmental clearance (Q/F = 17.7 L/h). Using simulations, it was made evident that changing the time delay results in significant changes of peak plasma concentrations but not of its blood pressure-lowering effect. In conclusion, delay differential equations may be useful to model dual peaks arising from absorption complexities, while changes of the time delay that reflect physiological processes that take place before absorption may have significant implications in proving bioequivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karatza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM) / Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH).
| | - Vangelis Karalis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM) / Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH)
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14
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Matsui K, Takeuchi S, Haruna Y, Yamane M, Shimizu T, Hatsuma Y, Shimono N, Sunada M, Hayakawa M, Nishida T, Ito S, Ide M, Seino M, Sugihara M, Minagawa Y, Tachiki H. Transverse comparison of mannitol content in marketed drug products: Implication for no-effect dose of sugar alcohols on oral drug absorption. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Yamane M, Matsui K, Sugihara M, Tokunaga Y. The Provisional No-Effect Threshold of Sugar Alcohols on Oral Drug Absorption Estimated by Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Model. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:467-477. [PMID: 32470348 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sugar alcohols reduce oral drug bioavailability by osmotic effects, but the magnitude of these effects differs among different drugs. This study aimed to identify the drug-related critical attributes of osmotic effects and estimate the impact of a "practical" sugar alcohol dose on the pharmacokinetics of various molecules using modeling and simulation approaches. We developed a physiologically based biopharmaceutics model that considers the dose-dependent effects of sugar alcohols on the gastrointestinal physiology. The developed model captured the effects of sugar alcohols on ranitidine hydrochloride, metoprolol tartrate, theophylline, cimetidine, and lamivudine. Sensitivity analysis provided quantitative insights into the effects of sugar alcohols dependent on different drug permeability. In addition, our developed model indicated for the first time that a high systemic elimination rate is crucial for the reduction in maximum plasma concentration even for highly permeable drugs. Nonetheless, mannitol/sorbitol level of less than 400 mg had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of the most sensitive drugs, indicating a provisional no-effect threshold dose. This mechanistic approach provides comprehensive estimation of osmotic effects on variety of drugs. Subsequently, these findings may invoke scientific discussion on the criteria for excipient changes in the context of biowaiver guidelines (e.g. biopharmaceutics classification system-based biowaiver).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Yamane
- Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsui
- Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan.
| | - Masahisa Sugihara
- Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
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16
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Karatza E, Karalis V. Modelling gastric emptying: A pharmacokinetic model simultaneously describing distribution of losartan and its active metabolite EXP-3174. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:193-202. [PMID: 31514255 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Losartan presents multiple peaks in the concentration-time profile. This characteristic can be attributed to gastric emptying, which is known to significantly affect the disposition of highly soluble and permeable compounds. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for losartan and its active metabolite (EXP-3174) in order to describe the effect of gastric emptying on their disposition. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using concentration-time data derived from a crossover bioequivalence study in 31 volunteers after a single oral dose of 100 mg losartan potassium in the fasted state. Delay differential equations (DDEs) were explored for the description of losartan absorption and EXP-3174 formation, since when solved they result in oscillatory behaviour. A two-compartment model preceded by a pre-absorption compartment (referring to small intestine) adequately described the observed concentration-time profiles of losartan. In the final model, a sinusoidal equation was used for the description of gastric emptying in view of its simplicity, leading to enhanced stability of the model and its capacity to describe periodicity. In case of EXP-3174, a one-compartment model, with a delayed first-order formation rate from losartan's central compartment, best described its disposition. Using the model developed, it was shown through simulations that changes in gastric emptying parameters lead to changes in the C-t profiles of both compounds. In particular, plasma oscillations can be enhanced or completely suppressed, simply by changing parameters affecting gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karatza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM)/Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vangelis Karalis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM)/Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
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17
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Kermanizadeh A, Powell LG, Stone V, Møller P. Nanodelivery systems and stabilized solid-drug nanoparticles for orally administered medicine: current landscape. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7575-7605. [PMID: 30510419 PMCID: PMC6248225 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s177418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles as a means of targeted delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents could greatly enhance the transport of biologically active contents to specific target tissues, while avoiding or reducing potentially undesired side effects. Generally speaking, the oral route of administration is associated with good patient compliance, as it is convenient, economical, noninvasive, and does not require special training. Here, we review the progress of the utilization of nanodelivery-system carriers or stabilized solid-drug nanoparticles following oral administration, with particular attention on toxicological data. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity are discussed and the problem of extrapolating knowledge to human scenarios highlighted. Additionally, issues associated with administration of drugs via the oral route are underlined, while strategies utilized to overcome these are highlighted. This review aims to offer a balanced overview of strategies currently being used in the application of nanosize constructs for oral medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- NanoSafety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, .,Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Leagh G Powell
- NanoSafety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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18
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Bermejo M, Paixão P, Hens B, Tsume Y, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Dickens J, Shedden K, Wen B, Wysocki J, Löbenberg R, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon GE, Yu A, Salehi N, Talattof A, Benninghoff G, Sun D, Kuminek G, Cavanagh KL, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Amidon GL. Linking the Gastrointestinal Behavior of Ibuprofen with the Systemic Exposure between and within Humans-Part 1: Fasted State Conditions. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5454-5467. [PMID: 30372084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to explore and to statistically evaluate the responsible gastrointestinal (GI) factors that are significant factors in explaining the systemic exposure of ibuprofen, between and within human subjects. In a previous study, we determined the solution and total concentrations of ibuprofen as a function of time in aspirated GI fluids, after oral administration of an 800 mg IR tablet (reference standard) of ibuprofen to 20 healthy volunteers in fasted state conditions. In addition, we determined luminal pH and motility pressure recordings that were simultaneously monitored along the GI tract. Blood samples were taken to determine ibuprofen plasma levels. In this work, an in-depth statistical and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to explain which underlying GI variables are determining the systemic concentrations of ibuprofen between (inter-) and within (intra-) subjects. In addition, the obtained plasma profiles were deconvoluted to link the fraction absorbed with the fraction dissolved. Multiple linear regressions were performed to explain and quantitatively express the impact of underlying GI physiology on systemic exposure of the drug (in terms of plasma Cmax/AUC and plasma Tmax). The exploratory analysis of the correlation between plasma Cmax/AUC and the time to the first phase III contractions postdose (TMMC-III) explains ∼40% of the variability in plasma Cmax for all fasted state subjects. We have experimentally shown that the in vivo intestinal dissolution of ibuprofen is dependent upon physiological variables like, in this case, pH and postdose phase III contractions. For the first time, this work presents a thorough statistical analysis explaining how the GI behavior of an ionized drug can explain the systemic exposure of the drug based on the individual profiles of participating subjects. This creates a scientifically based and rational framework that emphasizes the importance of including pH and motility in a predictive in vivo dissolution methodology to forecast the in vivo performance of a drug product. Moreover, as no extensive first-pass metabolism is considered for ibuprofen, this study demonstrates how intraluminal drug behavior is reflecting the systemic exposure of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States.,Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section , Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante , Spain
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Professor Gama Pinto , 1649-003 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Mark J Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | | | | | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | | | | | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Wysocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Allen Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Ann Frances
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-2136 , United States
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Katie L Cavanagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Michigan , 428 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1065 , United States
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19
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Jejunal absorption of aprepitant from nanosuspensions: Role of particle size, prandial state and mucus layer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:222-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Markovic M, Ben‐Shabat S, Keinan S, Aponick A, Zimmermann EM, Dahan A. Lipidic prodrug approach for improved oral drug delivery and therapy. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:579-607. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Shimon Ben‐Shabat
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | | | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Ellen M. Zimmermann
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology, University of FloridaGainesville Florida
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
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21
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Hens B, Sinko PD, Job N, Dean M, Al-Gousous J, Salehi N, Ziff RM, Tsume Y, Bermejo M, Paixão P, Brasseur JG, Yu A, Talattof A, Benninghoff G, Langguth P, Lennernäs H, Hasler WL, Marciani L, Dickens J, Shedden K, Sun D, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: An introduction to the US FDA funded '21st Century BA/BE' project. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:120-127. [PMID: 29944899 PMCID: PMC8845961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by performing predictive in vitro dissolution studies. Similarly, there is an increasing interest in the application of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) frameworks and high-performance computing platforms to study the local processes underlying absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In that way, CFD and computing platforms both can inform future PBPK-based in silico frameworks and determine the GI-motility-driven hydrodynamic impacts that should be incorporated into in vitro dissolution methods for in vivo relevance. Current compendial dissolution methods are not always reliable to predict the in vivo behavior, especially not for biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class 2/4 compounds suffering from a low aqueous solubility. Developing a predictive dissolution test will be more reliable, cost-effective and less time-consuming as long as the predictive power of the test is sufficiently strong. There is a need to develop a biorelevant, predictive dissolution method that can be applied by pharmaceutical drug companies to facilitate marketing access for generic and novel drug products. In 2014, Prof. Gordon L. Amidon and his team initiated a far-ranging research program designed to integrate (1) in vivo studies in humans in order to further improve the understanding of the intraluminal processing of oral dosage forms and dissolved drug along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, (2) advancement of in vitro methodologies that incorporates higher levels of in vivo relevance and (3) computational experiments to study the local processes underlying dissolution, transport and absorption within the intestines performed with a new unique CFD based framework. Of particular importance is revealing the physiological variables determining the variability in in vivo dissolution and GI absorption from person to person in order to address (potential) in vivo BE failures. This paper provides an introduction to this multidisciplinary project, informs the reader about current achievements and outlines future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrick D Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Nicholas Job
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Meagan Dean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Robert M Ziff
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - James G Brasseur
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz D-55099, Germany
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William L Hasler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Dickens
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
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22
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Lundqvist A, Tannergren C, Sjöblom M, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. Time-dependent effects on small intestinal transport by absorption-modifying excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:19-28. [PMID: 30179738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model for investigating in vivo time-dependent effects of absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) is not fully established. Therefore, the dynamic effect and recovery of the intestinal mucosa was evaluated based on the lumen-to-blood flux (Jabs) of six model compounds, and the blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (CLCr), during and after 15- and 60-min mucosal exposure of the AMEs, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and chitosan, in separate experiments. The contribution of enteric neurons on the effect of SDS and chitosan was also evaluated by luminal coadministration of the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine. The increases in Jabs and CLCr (maximum and total) during the perfusion experiments were dependent on exposure time (15 and 60 min), and the concentration of SDS, but not chitosan. The increases in Jabs and CLCr following the 15-min intestinal exposure of both SDS and chitosan were greater than those reported from an in vivo rat intraintestinal bolus model. However, the effect in the bolus model could be predicted from the increase of Jabs at the end of the 15-min exposure period, where a six-fold increase in Jabs was required for a corresponding effect in the in vivo bolus model. This illustrates that a rapid and robust effect of the AME is crucial to increase the in vivo intestinal absorption rate before the yet unabsorbed drug in lumen has been transported distally in the intestine. Further, the recovery of the intestinal mucosa was complete following 15-min exposures of SDS and chitosan, but it only recovered 50% after the 60-min intestinal exposures. Our study also showed that the luminal exposure of AMEs affected the absorptive model drug transport more than the excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, as Jabs for the drugs was more sensitive than CLCr at detecting dynamic mucosal AME effects, such as response rate and recovery. Finally, there appears to be no nicotinergic neural contribution to the absorption-enhancing effect of SDS and chitosan, as luminal administration of 0.1 mM mecamylamine had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Roos
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - M Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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23
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Paixão P, Bermejo M, Hens B, Tsume Y, Dickens J, Shedden K, Salehi N, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Wysocki J, Wen B, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon GE, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Löbenberg R, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Gastric emptying and intestinal appearance of nonabsorbable drugs phenol red and paromomycin in human subjects: A multi-compartment stomach approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Johansson P, Tannergren C, Lundqvist A, Langguth P, Sjöblom M, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. The effects of three absorption-modifying critical excipients on the in vivo intestinal absorption of six model compounds in rats and dogs. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:158-168. [PMID: 29758344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical excipients that may affect gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption are called critical pharmaceutical excipients, or absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) if they act by altering the integrity of the intestinal epithelial cell membrane. Some of these excipients increase intestinal permeability, and subsequently the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. This could have implications for both the assessment of bioequivalence and the efficacy of the absorption-enhancing drug delivery system. The absorption-enhancing effects of AMEs with different mechanisms (chitosan, sodium caprate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) have previously been evaluated in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. However, it remains unclear whether these SPIP data are predictive in a more in vivo like model. The same excipients were in this study evaluated in rat and dog intraintestinal bolus models. SDS and chitosan did exert an absorption-enhancing effect in both bolus models, but the effect was substantially lower than those observed in the rat SPIP model. This illustrates the complexity of the AME effects, and indicates that additional GI physiological factors need to be considered in their evaluation. We therefore recommend that AME evaluations obtained in transit-independent, preclinical permeability models (e.g. Ussing, SPIP) should be verified in animal models better able to predict in vivo relevant GI effects, at multiple excipient concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Roos
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - P Langguth
- School of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Grimm M, Koziolek M, Kühn JP, Weitschies W. Interindividual and intraindividual variability of fasted state gastric fluid volume and gastric emptying of water. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018. [PMID: 29522898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The amount and composition of gastrointestinal media are crucial parameters in oral drug delivery. In fasted state, variable residual gastric volumes and gastric emptying behavior often cause variable drug release and absorption from oral drug products. Unfortunately, interindividual and intraindividual variability of the gastric conditions in fasted state are currently insufficiently mapped. In this work, datasets from 5 MRI studies with 16 treatments in total were pooled. The interindividual and intraindividual variability of residual gastric volumes after 10 h overnight fasting and the subsequent emptying of 240 mL of water were compared in healthy human subjects under conditions mimicking clinical studies. This work shows that even under standardized clinical conditions, residual gastric volumes and water emptying are highly variable. Interestingly, interindividual and intraindividual variabilities of both parameters were comparable, suggesting that the variability within the studies was mainly resulting from intraindividual day-to-day variations. The mean resting volumes in all conducted investigations amounted to 25 ± 18 mL (n = 120). Furthermore, 85 ± 13% (n = 22) of initially available gastric volume (resting volume plus 240 mL) was emptied after 30 min. The findings of this work will hopefully contribute to a better comprehension of the variability of oral drug release and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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26
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Talattof A, Amidon GL. Pulse Packet Stochastic Model for Gastric Emptying in the Fasted State: A Physiological Approach. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2107-2115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Hens B, Pathak SM, Mitra A, Patel N, Liu B, Patel S, Jamei M, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Turner DB. In Silico Modeling Approach for the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Dissolution, Supersaturation, and Precipitation of Posaconazole. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4321-4333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States of America
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shriram M. Pathak
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States of America
- Sandoz, Inc., West Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States of America
| | - Nikunjkumar Patel
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Liu
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States of America
| | - Masoud Jamei
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David B. Turner
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
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28
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Van Den Abeele J, Brouwers J, Deloose E, Tack J, Augustijns P. The Effect of Sparkling Water on Intraluminal Formulation Behavior and Systemic Drug Performance. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2472-2482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Roos C, Dahlgren D, Berg S, Westergren J, Abrahamsson B, Tannergren C, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. In Vivo Mechanisms of Intestinal Drug Absorption from Aprepitant Nanoformulations. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4233-4242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Roos
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Dahlgren
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Westergren
- Wendelsbergs beräkningskemi AB, Kyrkvägen 7B, 435 35 Mölnlycke, Sweden
| | | | | | - Erik Sjögren
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Hens B, Tsume Y, Bermejo M, Paixao P, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Dickens J, Shedden K, Wen B, Wysocki J, Loebenberg R, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon G, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Salehi N, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Low Buffer Capacity and Alternating Motility along the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Implications for in Vivo Dissolution and Absorption of Ionizable Drugs. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4281-4294. [PMID: 28737409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the pH and buffer capacity of human gastrointestinal (GI) fluids (aspirated from the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and mid/distal jejunum) as a function of time, from 37 healthy subjects after oral administration of an 800 mg immediate-release tablet of ibuprofen (reference listed drug; RLD) under typical prescribed bioequivalence (BE) study protocol conditions in both fasted and fed states (simulated by ingestion of a liquid meal). Simultaneously, motility was continuously monitored using water-perfused manometry. The time to appearance of phase III contractions (i.e., housekeeper wave) was monitored following administration of the ibuprofen tablet. Our results clearly demonstrated the dynamic change in pH as a function of time and, most significantly, the extremely low buffer capacity along the GI tract. The buffer capacity on average was 2.26 μmol/mL/ΔpH in fasted state (range: 0.26 and 6.32 μmol/mL/ΔpH) and 2.66 μmol/mL/ΔpH in fed state (range: 0.78 and 5.98 μmol/mL/ΔpH) throughout the entire upper GI tract (stomach, duodenum, and proximal and mid/distal jejunum). The implication of this very low buffer capacity of the human GI tract is profound for the oral delivery of both acidic and basic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). An in vivo predictive dissolution method would require not only a bicarbonate buffer but also, more significantly, a low buffer capacity of dissolution media to reflect in vivo dissolution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Paulo Paixao
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jason R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William L Hasler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Joseph Dickens
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wysocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Allen Lee
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ann Frances
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Greg Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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31
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Ni Z, Talattof A, Fan J, Tsakalozou E, Sharan S, Sun D, Wen H, Zhao L, Zhang X. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic and Absorption Modeling for Osmotic Pump Products. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1045-1053. [PMID: 28357656 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and absorption modeling approaches were employed for oral extended-release (ER) drug products based on an osmotic drug delivery system (osmotic pumps). The purpose was to systemically evaluate the in vivo relevance of in vitro dissolution for this type of formulation. As expected, in vitro dissolution appeared to be generally predictive of in vivo PK profiles, because of the unique feature of this delivery system that the in vitro and in vivo release of osmotic pump drug products is less susceptible to surrounding environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as pH, hydrodynamic, and food effects. The present study considered BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) class 1, 2, and 3 drug products with half-lives ranging from 2 to greater than 24 h. In some cases, the colonic absorption models needed to be adjusted to account for absorption in the colon. C max (maximum plasma concentration) and AUCt (area under the concentration curve) of the studied drug products were sensitive to changes in colon permeability and segmental GI transit times in a drug product-dependent manner. While improvement of the methodology is still warranted for more precise prediction (e.g., colonic absorption and dynamic movement in the GI tract), the results from the present study further emphasized the advantage of using PBPK modeling in addressing product-specific questions arising from regulatory review and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Satish Sharan
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dajun Sun
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. .,, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 75, Room 4690, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
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32
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Hens B, Corsetti M, Spiller R, Marciani L, Vanuytsel T, Tack J, Talattof A, Amidon GL, Koziolek M, Weitschies W, Wilson CG, Bennink RJ, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. Exploring gastrointestinal variables affecting drug and formulation behavior: Methodologies, challenges and opportunities. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:79-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Van Den Abeele J, Rubbens J, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. The dynamic gastric environment and its impact on drug and formulation behaviour. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:207-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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34
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Lundqvist A, Abrahamsson B, Tannergren C, Hellström PM, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. Regional Intestinal Permeability of Three Model Drugs in Human. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3013-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Carl Roos
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Per M. Hellström
- Department
of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 05, Sweden
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
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35
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Johansson P, Lundqvist A, Tannergren C, Abrahamsson B, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. Regional Intestinal Permeability in Dogs: Biopharmaceutical Aspects for Development of Oral Modified-Release Dosage Forms. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3022-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Carl Roos
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Erik Sjögren
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
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