1
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Sen S, Ganta B, Rachel VN, Gogikar SK, Singh V, Sonti R, Dikundwar AG. Mapping Advantages and Challenges in Analytical Development for Fixed Dose Combination Products, a Review. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2028-2043. [PMID: 38697403 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Formulations containing more than one active ingredient are increasingly gaining popularity due to advantages with regard to patient convenience as well as reduced cost of production, packaging, and transportation. Such fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) demand for enhanced analytical methodologies and tools to efficiently achieve quality control of these complex products as compared to the conventional products containing only one active constituent. Highly efficient analytical methods can measure multiple constituents at once, improving their quality control. This review article discusses the challenges in the development of such methods due to the similarities or differences in the chemical identity of the participating drug molecules in an FDC. The latest developments in multiple analyte determination using various analytical techniques (HPLC, LC-MS, NMR, IR, powder XRD and DSC) are discussed, with a focus on special considerations in each case. The article discusses challenges with sample preparation of complex FDC products, and the use of Chemometrics and Quality by Design to develop efficient analytical methods. Lastly, an equation-based approach is proposed and demonstrated to arrive at a parameter referred to as "percentage efficiency gain" that would be useful in directly accessing the relevance and commercial benefits of a simultaneous method vis-a-vis separate methods for individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Brundharika Ganta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - V Nina Rachel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shiva Kumar Gogikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vartika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
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2
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Fan F, Xu S, Guo M, Cai T. Effect of organic acids on the solid-state polymorphic phase transformation of piracetam. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123532. [PMID: 37871868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastable polymorphs are frequently used in oral solid dosage forms to enhance the absorption of poorly water-soluble drug compounds. However, the solid phase transformation from the metastable polymorph to the thermodynamically stable polymorph during manufacturing or storage poses a major challenge for product development and quality control. Here, we report that low-content organic acids can exhibit distinct effects on the solid-state polymorphic phase transformation of piracetam (PCM), a nootropic drug used for memory enhancement. The addition of 1 mol% citric acid (CA) and tricarballylic acid (TA) can significantly inhibit the phase transformation of PCM Form I to Form II, while glutaric acid (GA) and adipic acid (AA) produce a minor effect. A molecular simulation shows that organic acid molecules can adsorb on the crystal surface of PCM Form I, thus slowing the movement of molecules from the metastable form to the stable form. Our study provides deeper insights into the mechanisms of solid-state polymorphic phase transformation of drugs in the presence of additives and facilitates opportunities for controlling the stability of metastable pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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3
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Shi Q, Wang Y, Moinuddin SM, Feng X, Ahsan F. Co-amorphous Drug Delivery Systems: a Review of Physical Stability, In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:259. [PMID: 36123515 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, co-amorphous solids have been used as a promising approach for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs. Co-amorphous solids, comprising pharmacologically relevant drug substances or excipients, improve physical stability, solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability compared with single amorphous ingredients. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in physical stability and in vitro and in vivo performances of co-amorphous solids. We have highlighted the role of molar ratio, molecular interaction, and mobility that affects the physical stability of co-amorphous solids. This review delves deep as to how co-amorphous solids affect the physicochemical properties in vitro and in vivo. We also described the challenges to the formulation of co-amorphous solids. A better understanding of the mechanisms of the physical stability, in vitro and in vivo performance of co-amorphous solids, and proper selection of the co-former is likely to expedite the development of robust co-amorphous-based pharmaceutical formulations and can address the challenges associated with the delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China.
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China
| | - Sakib M Moinuddin
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California, 95757, USA.,East Bay Institute For Research & Education (EBIRE), 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, California, 95655, USA
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California, 95757, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, California, 95757, USA. .,East Bay Institute For Research & Education (EBIRE), 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, California, 95655, USA.
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4
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Shi Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang R, Xu J, Zhang C. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Role of the Polymer and Its Importance in Physical Stability and In Vitro Performance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081747. [PMID: 36015373 PMCID: PMC9413000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions stabilized by one or more polymer(s) have been widely used for delivering amorphous drugs with poor water solubilities, and they have gained great market success. Polymer selection is important for preparing robust amorphous solid dispersions, and considerations should be given as to how the critical attributes of a polymer can enhance the physical stability, and the in vitro and in vivo performances of a drug. This article provides a comprehensive overview for recent developments in the understanding the role of polymers in amorphous solid dispersions from the aspects of nucleation, crystal growth, overall crystallization, miscibility, phase separation, dissolution, and supersaturation. The critical properties of polymers affecting the physical stability and the in vitro performance of amorphous solid dispersions are also highlighted. Moreover, a perspective regarding the current research gaps and novel research directions for better understanding the role of the polymer is provided. This review will provide guidance for the rational design of polymer-based amorphous pharmaceutical solids with desired physicochemical properties from the perspective of physical stability and in vitro performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haibiao Chen
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Ruoxun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
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5
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Recent advances in drug polymorphs: Aspects of pharmaceutical properties and selective crystallization. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121320. [PMID: 34843866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug polymorphism, an established term used to describe the phenomenon that a drug can exist in different crystalline phases, has attracted great interests in pharmaceutical field in consideration of its important role in affecting the pharmaceutical performance of oral formulations. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the research on polymorphic drug systems including understandings on nucleation, crystal growth, dissolution, mechanical properties, polymorphic transformation, etc. Moreover, new strategies and mechanisms in the control of polymorphic forms are also highlighted in this review. Furthermore, challenges and trends in the development of polymorphic drugs are briefly discussed, aiming at developing effective and efficient pharmaceutical formulations containing the polymorphic drugs.
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6
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Jia S, Gao Z, Tian N, Li Z, Gong J, Wang J, Rohani S. Review of melt crystallization in the pharmaceutical field, towards crystal engineering and continuous process development. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Wu H, Cai T. Effect of polymeric excipients on nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of amorphous fluconazole. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4308-4316. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three chemically distinct polymeric excipients show significantly different effects on the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of amorphous fluconazole, a classical antifungal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
| | - Haomin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
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8
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Shi Q, Cheng J, Li F, Xu J, Zhang C. Molecular Mobility and Crystal Growth in Amorphous Binary Drug Delivery Systems: Effects of Low-Concentration Poly(Ethylene Oxide). AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:317. [PMID: 33175339 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer additives have been widely reported to affect the crystallization of amorphous drugs, while the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the crystal growth and the molecular mobility of amorphous nifedipine (NIF) in the presence and absence of low-concentration poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The addition of 3% w/w PEO yields approximately a 5-fold increase in the crystal growth rate of NIF in the glassy matrix and a 10-fold increase in the supercooled liquid. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy is performed to investigate the molecular mobility of amorphous pure NIF system and NIF doped with low-concentration PEO. With 3% w/w PEO, the structural relaxation time τα of amorphous NIF significantly decreases, indicating an increase in the global molecular mobility. However, the increase of the molecular mobility is insufficient to explain the 5- to 10-fold increase of the crystal growth rate at the same τα scale. Moreover, we compare the accelerating effect of PEO in NIF-PEO systems to other PEO-doped systems. The accelerating effect of low-concentration PEO on the crystal growth of amorphous drugs is found to be independent of the Flory-Huggins interaction, Tg of the drug, or the increase of the global molecular mobility. These findings suggest that an in-depth understanding regarding the effects of polymer additives on the crystallization of drugs should consider the localized mobility of the host molecules near the crystal-liquid interface.
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9
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Zhang J, Shi Q, Guo M, Liu Z, Cai T. Melt Crystallization of Indomethacin Polymorphs in the Presence of Poly(ethylene oxide): Selective Enrichment of the Polymer at the Crystal–Liquid Interface. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2064-2071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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10
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Kinetic stability of amorphous solid dispersions with high content of the drug: A fast scanning calorimetry investigation. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:113-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Tu W, Chmiel K, Rams-Baron M, Paluch M. Co-Stabilization of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals—The Case of Nifedipine and Nimodipine. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2455-2465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marzena Rams-Baron
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- SMCEBI, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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12
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Schammé B, Couvrat N, Tognetti V, Delbreilh L, Dupray V, Dargent É, Coquerel G. Investigation of Drug-Excipient Interactions in Biclotymol Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1112-1125. [PMID: 29328661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of low molecular weight excipients on drug-excipient interactions, molecular mobility, and propensity to recrystallization of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient is investigated. Two structurally related excipients (α-pentaacetylglucose and β-pentaacetylglucose), five different drug:excipient ratios (1:5, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 5:1, w/w), and three different solid state characterization tools (differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy) were selected for the present research. Our investigation has shown that the excipient concentration and its molecular structure reveal quasi-identical molecular dynamic behavior of solid dispersions above and below the glass transition temperature. Across to complementary quantum mechanical simulations, we point out a clear indication of a strong interaction between biclotymol and the acetylated saccharides. Moreover, the thermodynamic study on these amorphous solid dispersions highlighted a stabilizing effect of α-pentaacetylglucose regardless of its quantity while an excessive concentration of β-pentaacetylglucose revealed a poor crystallization inhibition. Finally, through long-term stability studies, we also showed the limiting excipient concentration needed to stabilize our amorphous API. Herewith, the developed procedure in this paper appears to be a promising tool for solid-state characterization of complex pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schammé
- Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France.,Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Nicolas Couvrat
- Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- COBRA UMR 6014, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Valérie Dupray
- Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Éric Dargent
- Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, CNRS, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, UNIROUEN , Normandie Université , 76000 Rouen , France
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13
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Shi Q, Zhang J, Zhang C, Jiang J, Tao J, Zhou D, Cai T. Selective Acceleration of Crystal Growth of Indomethacin Polymorphs by Low-Concentration Poly(ethylene oxide). Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4694-4704. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory
of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory
of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic
Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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