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Li L, Liu T, Zuo S, Li Y, Zhao E, Lu Q, Wang D, Sun Y, He Z, Sun B, Sun J. Satellite-Type Sulfur Atom Distribution in Trithiocarbonate Bond-Bridged Dimeric Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Achieving Both Stability and Activatability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310633. [PMID: 37983894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Homodimeric prodrug nanoassemblies (HDPNs) hold promise for improving the delivery efficiency of chemo-drugs. However, the key challenge lies in designing rational chemical linkers that can simultaneously ensure the chemical stability, self-assembly stability, and site-specific activation of prodrugs. The "in series" increase in sulfur atoms, such as trisulfide bond, can improve the assembly stability of HDPNs to a certain extent, but limits the chemical stability of prodrugs. Herein, trithiocarbonate bond (─SC(S)S─), with a stable "satellite-type" distribution of sulfur atoms, is developed via the insertion of a central carbon atom in trisulfide bonds. ─SC(S)S─ bond effectively addresses the existing predicament of HDPNs by improving the chemical and self-assembly stability of homodimeric prodrugs while maintaining the on-demand bioactivation. Furthermore, ─SC(S)S─ bond inhibits antioxidant defense system, leading to up-regulation of the cellular ROS and apoptosis of tumor cells. These improvements of ─SC(S)S─ bond endow the HDPNs with in vivo longevity and tumor specificity, ultimately enhancing the therapeutic outcomes. ─SC(S)S─ bond is, therefore, promising for overcoming the bottleneck of HDPNs for efficient oncological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shiyi Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Erwei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Danping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Gligor O, Clichici S, Moldovan R, Decea N, Vlase AM, Fizeșan I, Pop A, Virag P, Filip GA, Vlase L, Crișan G. An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Antitumor Activity of Extracts Derived from Three Well-Known Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091840. [PMID: 37176897 PMCID: PMC10180766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of this study consists of the assessment of the antitumor activity of several extracts from three selected plant species: Xanthium spinosum L., Trifolium pratense L., and Coffea arabica L. and also a comparative study of this biological activity, with the aim of establishing a superior herbal extract for antitumor benefits. The phytochemical profile of the extracts was established by HPLC-MS analysis. Further, the selected extracts were screened in vitro for their antitumor activity and antioxidant potential on two cancer cell lines: A549-human lung adenocarcinoma and T47D-KBluc-human breast carcinoma and on normal cells. One extract per plant was selected for in vivo assessment of antitumor activity in an Ehrlich ascites mouse model. The extracts presented high content of antitumor compounds such as caffeoylquinic acids in the case of X. spinosum L. (7.22 µg/mL-xanthatin, 4.611 µg/mL-4-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and green coffee beans (10.008 µg/mL-cafestol, 265.507 µg/mL-4-O-caffeoylquinic acid), as well as isoflavones in the case of T. pratense L. (6806.60 ng/mL-ononin, 102.78 µg/mL-biochanin A). Concerning the in vitro results, the X. spinosum L. extracts presented the strongest anticancerous and antioxidant effects. In vivo, ascites cell viability decreased after T. pratense L. and green coffee bean extracts administration, whereas the oxidative stress reduction potential was important in tumor samples after T. pratense L. Cell viability was also decreased after administration of cyclophosphamide associated with X. spinosum L. and T. pratense L. extracts, respectively. These results suggested that T. pratense L. or X. spinosum L. extracts in combination with chemotherapy can induce lipid peroxidation in tumor cells and decrease the tumor viability especially, T. pratense L. extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Gligor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Piroska Virag
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Chen H, Zhu T, Huang X, Xu W, Di Z, Ma Y, Xue M, Bi S, Shen Y, Yu Y, Shen Y, Feng L. Xanthatin suppresses proliferation and tumorigenicity of glioma cells through autophagy inhibition via activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01041. [PMID: 36572650 PMCID: PMC9792428 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid proliferation and diffuse migration are the main obstacles to successful glioma treatment. Xanthatin, a sesquiterpene lactone purified from Xanthium strumarium L., possesses a significant antitumor role in several malignant tumors. In this study, we report that xanthatin suppressed glioma cells proliferation and induced apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and was accompanied by autophagy inhibition displaying a significantly reduced LC3 punctate fluorescence and LC3II/I ratio, decreased level of Beclin 1, while increased accumulation of p62. Notably, treating glioma cells with xanthatin resulted in obvious activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, as indicated by increased mTOR and Akt phosphorylation, decreased ULK1 phosphorylation, which is important in modulating autophagy. Furthermore, xanthatin-mediated pro-apoptosis in glioma cells was significantly reversed by autophagy inducers (rapamycin or Torin1), or PI3K-mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. Taken together, these findings indicate that anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects of xanthatin in glioma are most likely by inhibiting autophagy via activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Chen
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tong Zhu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wenshuang Xu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zemin Di
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yuyang Ma
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Min Xue
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Sixing Bi
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lijie Feng
- School of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of BiopharmaceuticalsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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Zhang J, Zhao R, Jin L, Pan L, Lei D. Xanthanolides in Xanthium L.: Structures, Synthesis and Bioactivity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238136. [PMID: 36500229 PMCID: PMC9735877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xanthanolides were particularly characteristic of the genus Xanthium, which exhibited broad biological effects and have drawn much attention in pharmacological application. The review surveyed the structures and bioactivities of the xanthanolides in the genus Xanthium, and summarized the synthesis tactics of xanthanolides. The results indicated that over 30 naturally occurring xanthanolides have been isolated from the genus Xanthium in monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms. The bioassay-guided fractionation studies suggested that the effective fractions on antitumor activities were mostly from weak polar solvents, and xanthatin (1) was the most effective and well-studied xanthanolide. The varieties of structures and structure-activity relationships of the xanthanolides had provided the promising skeleton for the further study. The review aimed at providing guidance for the efficient preparation and the potential prospects of the xanthanolides in the medicinal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Rongmei Zhao
- Institute for Drug Control of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Le Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dongyu Lei
- Department of Physiology, Preclinical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (D.L.)
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Chen M, Cao W, Wang J, Cai F, Zhu L, Ma L, Chen T. Selenium Atom-Polarization Effect Determines TrxR-Specific Recognition of Metallodrugs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20825-20833. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Ben Mrid R, Bouchmaa N, Ouedrhiri W, Ennoury A, ZouaouI Z, Kabach I, Nhiri M, El Fatimy R. Synergistic antioxidant effects of natural compounds on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity of human monocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830323. [PMID: 36120290 PMCID: PMC9474927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are endowed with a broad spectrum of biological activities, including protection against Toxins. Most of them are known for their antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. However, the synergistic combination of these natural molecules is not well studied. Therefore, the present study aims first to investigate the effect of four potent natural molecules [rosmarinic acid (Ros-A), ellagic acid (Ella-A), curcumin (Cur), and syringic acid (Syr-A)] on H2O2 -induced cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress on the human monocytes (THP-1) and then to evaluate their combined action effect. Optimal combinations of these molecules were predicted using an augmented mixture design approach. In the first, as preliminary antioxidant activities screening, two in vitro assays were adopted to assess the single radicals scavenging activity of these natural compounds, DPPH• and ABTS• + tests. Based on the results obtained, the multitude of optimal formulas proposed by the mixture design study led to choosing four potent compositions (comp) in addition to ellagic acid, proposed as the most efficient when applied alone. The different molecules and mixtures were used to assess their cytoprotective effect on THP-1 cells in the presence and absence of H2O2. The most potent Comp-4, as well as the molecules forming this mixture, were exploited in a second experiment, aiming to understand the effect on oxidative stress via antioxidant enzyme activities analysis in the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the THP-1 cell line. Interestingly, the natural molecules used for THP-1 cells treatment exhibited a significant increase in the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system as well as suppression of ROS generation evaluated as MDA content. These results indicate that the natural compounds tested here, especially the synergistic effect of Cur and Ros-A (Comp-4), could serve as cytoprotective and immunostimulant agents against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity THP-1 cells, which makes them interesting for further investigations on the molecular mechanisms in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Ben Mrid
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Reda Ben Mrid, ; Najat Bouchmaa,
| | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Reda Ben Mrid, ; Najat Bouchmaa,
| | - Wessal Ouedrhiri
- Laoratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdelhamid Ennoury
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Zakia ZouaouI
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Imad Kabach
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
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NO news: S-(de)nitrosylation of cathepsins and their relationship with cancer. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114872. [PMID: 36027970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor formation and progression have been much of a study over the last two centuries. Recent studies have seen different developments for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease; some of which even promise survival of the patient. Cysteine proteases, mainly cathepsins have been unequivocally identified as putative worthy players of redox imbalance that contribute to the premonition and further progression of cancer by interfering in the normal extracellular and intracellular proteolysis and initiating a proteolytic cascade. The present review article focuses on the study of cancer so far, while establishing facts on how future studies focused on the cellular interrelation between nitric oxide (NO) and cancer, can direct their focus on cathepsins. For a tumor cell to thrive and synergize a cancerous environment, different mutations in the proteolytic and signaling pathways and the proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and the tumor suppressor genes are made possible through cellular biochemistry and some cancer-stimulating environmental factors. The accumulated findings show that S-nitrosylation of cathepsins under the influence of NO-donors can prevent the invasion of cancer and cause cancer cell death by blocking the activity of cathepsins as well as the major denitrosylase systems using a multi-way approach. Faced with a conundrum of how to fill the gap between the dodging of established cancer hallmarks with cathepsin activity and gaining appropriate research/clinical accreditation using our hypothesis, the scope of this review also explores the interplay and crosstalk between S-nitrosylation and S-(de)nitrosylation of this protease and highlights the utility of charging thioredoxin (Trx) reductase inhibitors, low-molecular-weight dithiols, and Trx mimetics using efficient drug delivery system to prevent the denitrosylation or regaining of cathepsin activity in vivo. In foresight, this raises the prospect that drugs or novel compounds that target cathepsins taking all these factors into consideration could be deployed as alternative or even better treatments for cancer, though further research is needed to ascertain the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of this approach.
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Rheumatoid arthritis drug sinomenine induces apoptosis of cervical tumor cells by targeting thioredoxin reductase in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105711. [PMID: 35247807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been linked to tumorigenesis and phenotypic maintenance of malignant tumors. Thus, targeting TrxR with natural molecules is a promising strategy for developing anticancer drugs. Sinomenine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Sinomenium acutum. The drug, Zhengqing Fengtongning made from sinomenine, has been universally applied in rheumatoid arthritis treatment in China as well as other Asian countries for decades. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that sinomenine appears to be a promising therapeutic agent against various cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of sinomenine remains unclear. In this study, we identified sinomenine as a kind of new inhibitor for TrxR. Pharmacological inhibition of TrxR by sinomenine results in the decrease of thiols content, increases the levels of reactive oxygen species, and finally facilitates oxidative stress-mediated cancer cell apoptosis. It is vital that knockdown in TrxR1 by shRNA can increase cell sensitivity to sinomenine. Treatment with sinomenine in vivo leads to a decrease in TrxR activity and tumor growth, and an increase in apoptosis. Our findings provide a novel action mechanism related to sinomenine and presents an insight on how to develop sinomenine as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Ma D. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by natural anticancer candidate β-lapachone accounts for triggering redox activation-mediated HL-60 cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:244-252. [PMID: 35091063 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Lapachone as a natural novel anticancer candidate is under clinical trials. Previous studies suggested that β-lapachone works by redox activation to ablate cancer cells. However, it is still unclear whether thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), one of the key redox catalytic enzymes in cells, plays a role in the pharmacological effects of β-lapachone. Herein, we present that β-lapachone kills human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with preference over other cancer cells and normal cells. The follow-up studies demonstrate that β-lapachone induces the HL-60 cell apoptosis through inhibition of TrxR and further elevation of oxidative stress. Overexpression of the TrxR alleviates the efficiency of β-lapachone while knockdown of the enzyme increases the β-lapachone cytotoxicity, scientifically underpinning the correlation of the observed biological behaviors of β-lapachone to TrxR inhibition. The disclosure of the novel action mechanism of β-lapachone sheds light on understanding its capacity in interfering with cellular redox signaling and supports β-lapachone as an anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Di Ma
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Duan D, Wang Y, Jin X, Li M, Wang L, Yan Y, Xiao J, Song P, Wang X. Natural diterpenoid eriocalyxin B covalently modifies glutathione and selectively inhibits thioredoxin reductase inducing potent oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma RKO cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:15-23. [PMID: 34656698 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the significant contribution of high levels of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in various stages of tumorigenesis and resistance to tumor chemotherapy. Thus, inhibition of TrxR with small molecules is an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Eriocalyxin B (EriB), a naturally occurring diterpenoid extracted from Isodon eriocalyx, has reflected potential anticancer activities through numerous pathways. Here, we describe that EriB covalently modifies GSH and selectively inhibits TrxR activity by targeting the Sec residue of the enzyme. Pharmacological inhibition of TrxR by EriB results in elevated ROS levels, reduced total GSH and thiols content, which ultimately induced potent RKO cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Importantly, EriB indicates potent synthetic lethality with GSH inhibitors, BSO, in RKO cells. In summary, our results highlight that targeting TrxR by EriB explores a novel mechanism for the biological action of EriB. This opened up a new therapeutic indication for using EriB to combat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China.
| | - Yanru Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Pharmacy and Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Yunyun Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Peng Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases By TCM, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China.
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Targeting thioredoxin reductase by deoxyelephantopin from Elephantopus scaber triggers cancer cell apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109028. [PMID: 34509463 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is associated with the tumorigenesis and resistance to cancer chemoradiotherapy, highlighting the potential of TrxR inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Deoxyelephantopin (DET) is the major active ingredient of Elephantopus scaber and reveals potent anticancer activity. However, the potential mechanism of action and the cellular target of DET are still unknown. Here, we found that DET primarily targets the Sec residue of TrxR and irreversibly prohibits enzyme activity. Suppression of TrxR by DET leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and dysregulation in intracellular redox balance, eventually inducing cancer cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Noticeably, down-regulation of TrxR1 by shRNA increases cell sensitivity to DET. Collectively, targeting of TrxR1 by DET uncovers a novel mechanism of action in DET and deepens the understanding of developing DET as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treating cancers.
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Linh NTT, Son NT, Ha NTT, Tra NT, Tu Anh LT, Chen S, Van Tuyen N. Biologically Active Constituents from Plants of the Genus Xanthium. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 116:135-209. [PMID: 34698947 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80560-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herbaceous annual plants of the genus Xanthium are widely distributed throughout the world and have been employed medicinally for millennia. This contribution aims to provide a systematic overview of the diverse structural classes of Xanthium secondary metabolites, as well as their pharmacological potential. On searching in various reference databases with a combination of three keywords "Xanthium", "Phytochemistry", and "Pharmacology", relevant publications have been obtained subsequently. From the 1950s to the present, phytochemical investigations have focused mainly on 15 Xanthium species, from which 300 compounds have been isolated and structurally resolved, primarily using NMR spectroscopic methodology. Xanthium constituents represent several secondary metabolite types, including simple phenols, sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds, lignans, sterols, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, and fatty acids, with terpenoids being the most common of these. Among the 174 terpenoids characterized, xanthanolide sesquiterpenoids are abundant, and most of the compounds isolated containing sulfur were found to be new in Nature. The ethnomedical uses of Xanthium crude extracts are supported by the in vitro and in vivo effects of their constituents, such as cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetes, and hepatoprotective activities. Toxicological results suggest that Xanthium plant extracts are generally safe for use. In the future, additional phytochemical investigations, along with further assessments of the biological profiles and mechanism of action studies of the components of Xanthium species, are to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tra
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Tu Anh
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sibao Chen
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nguyen Van Tuyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Idres YA, Tousch D, Cazals G, Lebrun A, Naceri S, Bidel LPR, Poucheret P. A Novel Sesquiterpene Lactone Xanthatin-13-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) Isolated from Burdock Leaf Up-Regulates Cells' Oxidative Stress Defense Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101617. [PMID: 34679753 PMCID: PMC8533074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify novel molecules able to induce an adaptative response against oxidative stress during the first stages of metabolic syndrome. A cellular survival in vitro test against H2O2-based test was applied after pretreatment with various natural bitter Asteraceae extracts. This screening revealed potent protection from burdock leaf extract. Using chromatography and LC-MS—RMN, we then isolated and identified an original sesquiterpene lactone bioactive molecule: the Xanthatin-13-(pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) (XPc). A real-time RT-qPCR experiment was carried out on three essential genes involved in oxidative stress protection: GPx, SOD, and G6PD. In presence of XPc, an over-expression of the G6PD gene was recorded, whereas no modification of the two others genes could be observed. A biochemical docking approach demonstrated that XPc had a high probability to directly interact with G6PD at different positions. One of the most probable docking sites corresponds precisely to the binding site of AG1, known to stabilize the G6PD dimeric form and enhance its activity. In conclusion, this novel sesquiterpene lactone XPc might be a promising prophylactic bioactive agent against oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis A. Idres
- UMR 95 Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, SupAgro Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.I.); (D.T.); Tel.: +33-658587547 (Y.A.I.); +33-673466032 (D.T.)
| | - Didier Tousch
- UMR 95 Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, SupAgro Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.I.); (D.T.); Tel.: +33-658587547 (Y.A.I.); +33-673466032 (D.T.)
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- Laboratoire de Mesure Physique, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (G.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Aurélien Lebrun
- Laboratoire de Mesure Physique, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (G.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Sarah Naceri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 8251, 35 rue Héléne Brion, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Luc P. R. Bidel
- INRA, UMR AGAP, CIRAD, SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- UMR 95 Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, SupAgro Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
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Geng Y, Li L, Liu P, Chen Z, Shen A, Zhang L. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identified Proteins and Signaling Pathways Involved in the Response to Xanthatin Treatment in Human HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:887-896. [PMID: 34488591 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthatin is a plant-derived bioactive sesquiterpene lactone from the Xanthium strumarium L., and it has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, many studies have reported that xanthatin has anticancer activity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of xanthatin is still lacking. OBJECTIVE To systematically and comprehensively identify the underlying mechanisms of xanthatin on cancer cells, quantitative proteomic techniques were performed. METHODS Xanthatin induced HT-29 colon cancer cells death was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release cell death assay. Differentially abundant proteins in two groups (control groups and xanthatin treatment groups) of human HT-29 colon cancer cells were identified using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomic techniques. All the significant differentially abundant proteins were generally characterized by performing hierarchical clustering, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. We chose Western blot analysis to validate the candidate proteins in the proteomics results. RESULTS A total of 5637 proteins were identified, of which 397 significantly differentially abundant proteins in the groups were quantified. Based on the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, we found that p53-related signaling played an important role in xanthatin-treated HT-29 colon cancer cells. p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma), Sestrin-2 and p14ARF, which were selected from among p53-related signaling proteins, were further validated, and the results were consistent with the tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic results. CONCLUSION We first investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of xanthatin treatment on HT-29 colon cancer cells using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic methods and provided a global comprehensive understanding of the antitumor effects of xanthatin. However, it is necessary to further confirm the function of the differentially abundant proteins and the potentially associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032. China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Aizong Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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16
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Chupakhin E, Krasavin M. Thioredoxin reductase inhibitors: updated patent review (2017-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:745-758. [PMID: 33666133 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1899160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme which is responsible - as a part of the thioredoxin system - for maintaining redox homeostasis in cells. It is upregulated in cancerous state as a defense against oxidative stress. TrxR has been mostly considered an anticancer drug target although it has applications in other therapeutic areas such as neurodegeneration, inflammation, microbial infections, and neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.Areas covered: The present review covers the patent literature that appeared in the period 2017-2020, i.e. since the publication of the previous expert opinion patent review on TrxR inhibitors. The recent additions to the following traditional classes of inhibitors are discussed: metal complexes, Michael acceptors as well as arsenic and selenium compounds. At the same time, a novel group of nitro (hetero)aromatic compounds have emerged which likely acts via covalent inhibition mechanism. Several miscellaneous chemotypes are grouped under Miscellaneous subsection.Expert opinion: While specificity over glutathione reductase is achieved easily, TrxR is still moving toward the later stages of development at a very slow rate. Michael acceptors, particularly based on TRXR substrate-mimicking scaffolds, are gaining impetus and so are dual and hybrid compounds. The development prospects of the emerging nitro (hetero)aromatic chemotypes remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation.,Institute for Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation.,Institute for Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad Russian Federation
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17
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Ly HT, Truong TM, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen HD, Zhao Y, Le VM. Phytochemical screening and anticancer activity of the aerial parts extract of Xanthium strumarium L. on HepG2 cancer cell line. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is one of the most considerable concerns because of increasing the death rate all over the world. Recent studies have disclosed that plant extracts exhibit anticancer activity through various mechanisms. Xanthium strumarium has been used by Vietnamese in herbal medicines to support the medication of infirmities. This study is to consider the secondary metabolites, antioxidant and anticancer capacities of extract from the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of X. strumarium (AP-XS).
Methods
AP-XS was analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals via qualitative chemical tests and determined total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) quenching assay and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay were selected to investigate antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity, respectively. Besides, acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) dual staining was applied to evaluate the ability to induce apoptosis on HepG2 cancer cells.
Results
Results of present study indicated that AP-XS contains the main phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Ethanol extract had highest content of polyphenol (84.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass), and exhibited the great total antioxidant property (IC50 = 184.13 μg/mL) and anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 = 81.69 μg/mL). Furthermore, the characteristics of apoptosis including shrinkage of the cell and apoptotic bodies were found following 60 h of AP-XS extract treatment through AO-EB dual staining.
Conclusion
The data suggest that AP-XS extract had antioxidant potential and anti-proliferative effect. The anti-proliferative property was considered to have an association with a rising of apoptosis. These results were reliable for further research on X. strumarium as a source of phytochemicals with anticancer activity potential for cancer therapeutics.
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Joardar N, Guevara-Flores A, Martínez-González JDJ, Sinha Babu SP. Thiol antioxidant thioredoxin reductase: A prospective biochemical crossroads between anticancer and antiparasitic treatments of the modern era. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:249-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Lee YJ, Choi J, Yoon YJ, Sim Y, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Kim DY, Hwang J, Chi SW, Han DC, Kwon BM. 8-Epi-xanthatin induces the apoptosis of DU145 prostate carcinoma cells through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition and reactive oxygen species generation. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1508-1520. [PMID: 33164240 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in many human cancers. We tried to find STAT3 inhibitors from natural sources and found that Xanthium fruit extracts decreased phosphorylation of STAT3-Y705. 8-Epi-xanthatin (EXT) was isolated from the extracts. When DU145 cancer cells were treated with EXT, p-STAT3-Y705 was decreased with an IC50 of 3.2 μM. EXT decreased the expression of STAT3 target genes, such as cyclin A, cyclin D1, and BCL-2, and induced PARP cleavage, indicating apoptotic cell death. Downregulation of EXT-induced p-STAT3-Y705 was rescued by pretreating DU145 cells with antioxidants, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in the EXT-induced inhibition of STAT3 activation. Furthermore, we proved the association of EXT with STAT3 protein by using a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay and a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). EXT inhibited proliferation of DU145 cells with a GI50 of 6 μM and reduced tumor growth in mice xenografted with DU145 cells. Immunoblotting showed that phosphorylation of STAT3-Y705 was lower in EXT-treated tumor tissue than in control tissues. Collectively, we found that EXT binds to, and inhibits, STAT3 activation and could be a lead compound for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yae Jin Yoon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yugyeong Sim
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon.,Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon
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20
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Zhang J, Duan D, Song ZL, Liu T, Hou Y, Fang J. Small molecules regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:342-394. [PMID: 32981100 DOI: 10.1002/med.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems have been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit increased ROS to maintain their malignant phenotypes and are more dependent on the "redox adaptation" mechanism. Thus, there are two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to prevent or treat cancer. The first strategy, that is, chemoprevention, is to prevent or reduce intracellular ROS either by suppressing ROS production pathways or by employing antioxidants to enhance ROS clearance, which protects normal cells from malignant transformation and inhibits the early stage of tumorigenesis. The second strategy is the ROS-mediated anticancer therapy, which stimulates intracellular ROS to a toxicity threshold to activate ROS-induced cell death pathways. Therefore, targeting the regulation of intracellular ROS-related pathways by small-molecule candidates is considered to be a promising treatment for tumors. We herein first briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS, and then focus on small molecules that regulate ROS-related pathways and show efficacy in cancer therapy from the perspective of pharmacophores. Finally, we discuss several challenges in developing cancer therapeutic agents based on ROS regulation and propose the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Ghareeb H, Metanis N. The Thioredoxin System: A Promising Target for Cancer Drug Development. Chemistry 2020; 26:10175-10184. [PMID: 32097513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is highly conserved system found in all living cells and comprises NADPH, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase. This system plays a critical role in preserving a reduced intracellular environment, and its involvement in regulating a wide range of cellular functions makes it especially vital to cellular homeostasis. Its critical role is not limited to healthy cells, it is also involved in cancer development, and is overexpressed in many cancers. This makes the thioredoxin system a promising target for cancer drug development. As such, over the last decade, many inhibitors have been developed that target the thioredoxin system, most of which are small molecules targeting the thioredoxin reductase C-terminal redox center. A few inhibitors of thioredoxin have also been developed. We believe that more efforts should be invested in developing protein/peptide-based inhibitors against both thioredoxin reductase and/or thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ghareeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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22
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Yao J, Duan D, Song ZL, Zhang J, Fang J. Sanguinarine as a new chemical entity of thioredoxin reductase inhibitor to elicit oxidative stress and promote tumor cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:659-667. [PMID: 31931095 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of redox homeostasis is a hallmark of cancer cells. As a critical player in regulating cellular redox signaling, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are increasingly recognized as attractive targets for anticancer drug development. We reported herein the natural product sanguinarine (SAN) as a potent inhibitor of TrxR with a new chemical scaffold. Inhibition of TrxR leads to accumulation of the oxidized thioredoxin, elicits oxidative stress, and finally promotes apoptosis of cancer cells. Further synthesis of different model compounds of SAN demonstrated that the phenanthridinium unit is responsible for the TrxR inhibition. The core structure of SAN, e.g., the phenanthridinium moiety, is different from those of known TrxR inhibitors, and thus SAN is a new chemical entity of TrxR inhibitors and may serve a lead for further development. In addition, as the phenanthridinium scaffold is widely present in natural products, the disclosure of TrxR inhibition by such unit sheds light in understanding the pharmacological actions of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Bian M, Sun Y, Liu Y, Xu Z, Fan R, Liu Z, Liu W. A Gold(I) Complex Containing an Oleanolic Acid Derivative as a Potential Anti‐Ovarian‐Cancer Agent by Inhibiting TrxR and Activating ROS‐Mediated ERS. Chemistry 2020; 26:7092-7108. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mianli Bian
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhongren Xu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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24
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Ma YY, Di ZM, Cao Q, Xu WS, Bi SX, Yu JS, Shen YJ, Yu YQ, Shen YX, Feng LJ. Xanthatin induces glioma cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent CHOP pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:404-414. [PMID: 31700088 PMCID: PMC7468336 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthatin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone purified from Xanthium strumarium L., which has shown prominent antitumor activity against a variety of cancer cells. In the current study, we investigated the effect of xanthatin on the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In both rat glioma C6 and human glioma U251 cell lines, xanthatin (1–15 μM) dose-dependently inhibited cell viability without apparent effect on the cell cycle. Furthermore, xanthatin treatment dose-dependently induced glioma cell apoptosis. In nude mice bearing C6 glioma tumor xenografts, administration of xanthatin (10, 20, 40 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip, for 2 weeks) dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth, but did not affect the body weight. More importantly, xanthatin treatment markedly increased the expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers in both the glioma cell lines as well as in C6 xenografts, including glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), activating factor 4, activating transcription factor 6, spliced X-box binding protein-1, phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2a. Pretreatment of C6 glioma cells with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA, 7 mM) or knockdown of CHOP using small interfering RNA significantly attenuated xanthatin-induced cell apoptosis and increase of proapoptotic caspase-3. These results demonstrate that xanthatin induces glioma cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth via activating the ER stress-related unfolded protein response pathway involving CHOP induction. Xanthatin may serve as a promising agent in the treatment of human glioma.
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Dong J, Gao J. Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of coumarin-chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103530. [PMID: 31887477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) have been extensively studied as a potential target for the development of anticancer drugs. Herein, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of coumarin-chalcone hybrids as TrxR inhibitors. Most of them exhibited enhancing anticancer activity than Xanthohumol (Xn). The representative Xn-2 (IC50 = 3.6 μM) was a fluorescence agent, wherein drug uptake can be readily monitored in living cells by red fluorescence imaging. Xn-2 down-regulated the expression of TrxR, remarkedly induced ROS accumulation to activate mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, Xn-2 inhibited cancer cell metastasis and abolished the colony formation ability of cancer cells. Taken together, these results highlight that compound Xn-2 may be a promising theranostic TrxR inhibitor for human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Junqiang Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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26
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Li X, Zhang B, Yan C, Li J, Wang S, Wei X, Jiang X, Zhou P, Fang J. A fast and specific fluorescent probe for thioredoxin reductase that works via disulphide bond cleavage. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2745. [PMID: 31227705 PMCID: PMC6588570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule probes are indispensable tools to explore diverse cellular events. However, finding a specific probe of a target remains a high challenge. Here we report the discovery of Fast-TRFS, a specific and superfast fluorogenic probe of mammalian thioredoxin reductase, a ubiquitous enzyme involved in regulation of diverse cellular redox signaling pathways. By systematically examining the processes of fluorophore release and reduction of cyclic disulfides/diselenides by the enzyme, structural factors that determine the response rate and specificity of the probe are disclosed. Mechanistic studies reveal that the fluorescence signal is switched on by a simple reduction of the disulfide bond within the probe, which is in stark contrast to the sensing mechanism of published probes. The favorable properties of Fast-TRFS enable development of a high-throughput screening assay to discover inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase by using crude tissue extracts as a source of the enzyme. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays a crucial part in regulating cellular redox homeostasis. Here, the authors developed a fluorescent probe composed of a five-membered disulphide, a coumarin fluorophore and a urea linker that detects TrxR activity with fast response and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chaoxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Panpan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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27
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Reddy KM, Mugesh G. Modelling the Inhibition of Selenoproteins by Small Molecules Using Cysteine and Selenocysteine Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:8875-8883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishorkumar M. Reddy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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28
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Liu R, Shi D, Zhang J, Li X, Han X, Yao X, Fang J. Virtual screening-guided discovery of thioredoxin reductase inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:106-116. [PMID: 30898620 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) is a promising therapeutic target for cancer. To discover novel TXNRD inhibitors, a library of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were applied in structure-based virtual screening for the selection of hit compounds. Fifteen top-ranked compounds were further validated experimentally, exhibiting potent inhibition of TXNRD and remarkable cytotoxicity to cancer cells. The further binding mode analysis indicated that multiple noncovalent interactions between the inhibitors and the active pocket of TXNRD facilitated the formation of covalent bonds between the Sec498 on TXNRD and the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl groups on inhibitors. Results from both simulations and experiments demonstrated that Sec498 is the prime interaction site for the inhibition of TXNRD. Taking compound 7 as an example, the inhibition of TXNRD by compounds promoted oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells. Given these findings, novel TXNRD inhibitors may be discovered and introduced to the growing fields of small molecule drugs against TXNRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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29
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Fan W, Fan L, Peng C, Zhang Q, Wang L, Li L, Wang J, Zhang D, Peng W, Wu C. Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020359. [PMID: 30669496 PMCID: PMC6359306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) is a common and well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine usually named Cang-Er-Zi, and has been used for thousands of years in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the progress of modern research, and provide a systematic review on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of the X. strumarium. Moreover, an in-depth discussion of some valuable issues and possible development for future research on this plant is also given. X. strumarium, as a traditional herbal medicine, has been extensively applied to treat many diseases, such as rhinitis, nasal sinusitis, headache, gastric ulcer, urticaria, rheumatism bacterial, fungal infections and arthritis. Up to now, more than 170 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from X. strumarium, including sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropenoids, lignanoids, coumarins, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, thiazides, anthraquinones, naphthoquinones and other compounds. Modern research shows that the extracts and compounds from X. strumarium possess wide-ranging pharmacological effects, including anti- allergic rhinitis (AR) effects, anti-tumor effects, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, insecticide and antiparasitic effects, antioxidant effects, antibacterial and antifungal effects, antidiabetic effects, antilipidemic effects and antiviral effects. However, further research should focus on investigating bioactive compounds and demonstrate the mechanism of its detoxification, and more reasonable quality control standards for X. strumarium should also be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Linhong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chengyi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dayong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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30
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Hu G, Zhang B, Zhou P, Hou Y, Jia H, Liu Y, Gan L, Zhang H, Mao Y, Fang J. Depletion of protein thiols and the accumulation of oxidized thioredoxin in Parkinsonism disclosed by a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2696-2702. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein sulfhydryl groups play a vital role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and protein functions and have attracted increasing interests for the selective detection of protein thiols over low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWTs).
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31
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Peng S, Hou Y, Yao J, Fang J. Activation of Nrf2 by costunolide provides neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:4143-4152. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide (COS), a natural sesquiterpene lactone originally isolated from Inula helenium (Compositae), shows potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-mediated injuries of PC12 cells via activating transcription factor Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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32
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Du X, Zhang P, Fu H, Ahsan HM, Gao J, Chen Q. Smart mitochondrial-targeted cancer therapy: Subcellular distribution, selective TrxR2 inhibition accompany with declined antioxidant capacity. Int J Pharm 2019; 555:346-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Zhang B, Liu Y, Li X, Xu J, Fang J. Small Molecules to Target the Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3593-3600. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine & Panjin Industrial Technology Institute; Dalian University of Technology; Panjin 124221 China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
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