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Ke Z, Ma Q, Ye X, Wang Y, Jin Y, Zhao X, Su Z. Peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists: From injection to oral delivery strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116471. [PMID: 39127152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective drugs for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and have been proven to benefit the heart and kidney. Apart from oral semaglutide, which does not require injection, other peptide GLP-1RAs need to be subcutaneously administered. However, oral semaglutide also faces significant challenges, such as low bioavailability and frequent gastrointestinal discomfort. Thus, it is imperative that advanced oral strategies for peptide GLP-1RAs need to be explored. This review mainly compares the current advantages and disadvantages of various oral delivery strategies for peptide GLP-1RAs in the developmental stage and discusses the latest research progress of peptide GLP-1RAs, providing a useful guide for the development of new oral peptide GLP-1RA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ke
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, National Demonstration Center for Experimental General Medicine Education, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xiaonan Ye
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, National Demonstration Center for Experimental General Medicine Education, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China.
| | - Zhengding Su
- Protein Engineering and Biopharmaceuticals Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
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Liu L, Zheng M, Liang R. Improvement of liraglutide release from PLGA microspheres by a porous microsphere-gel composite system. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:291-299. [PMID: 38466377 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2329763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the current work, we aimed to prepare a liraglutide-loaded porous microsphere-gel composite system. By employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a porogenic agent and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) as a carrier, the liraglutide microspheres were prepared and dispersed in a temperature-sensitive gel made of poloxamer 407 (F-127) and poloxamer 188 (F-68), which served as the gel matrix, to construct the composite system. The porous microsphere-gel composite system demonstrated prolonged and steady drug release, with a reduction to 4.7% in the initial release within 1 d, according to data from in vitro release tests. The drug release from the porous microspheres decreased from 53% to 29% during the rapid release phase as the PEG concentration increased and the release rate slowed down. In vivo experiments in rats revealed that the composite system prolonged the release period by about 10 d. The pharmacokinetic parameter AUC0-1 was decreased by 24.78 ng/ml*h, the initial burst release was decreased, and the blood drug concentration fluctuation was lessened. The construction of a porous microsphere-gel composite matrix offers a novel approach to the systems with a sustained, long-lasting release that utilizes rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongcai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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Jiang W, Gao X, Wang Q, Chen Y, Li D, Zhang X, Yang X. The Modified Exenatide Microspheres: PLGA-PEG-PLGA Gel and Zinc-Exenatide Complex Synergistically Reduce Burst Release and Shorten Platform Stage. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:251. [PMID: 38036924 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing exenatide microspheres have the problem of burst release in the early stage, and minimal release in the middle stage which makes it difficult to achieve effective blood drug concentration (platform period). In this study, the modified exenatide microspheres were constructed to address the aforementioned issues. Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and triblock copolymer with sol-gel conversion characteristics (PLGA-PEG-PLGA gel) were introduced as carriers to prepare microspheres. The hot gel characteristics and hydrophilicity of PLGA-PEG-PLGA gel were utilized to decline the burst release and shorten the platform period. Simultaneously, zinc acetate and exenatide were combined to generate an insoluble complex to further reduce the burst release. Herein, we prepared three types of exenatide microspheres using the solvent evaporation method and investigated their characterization as well as in vitro and in vivo release. According to the experimental findings, the modified exenatide microspheres, i.e., PLGA-PEG-PLGA gel and PLGA co-loaded zinc-exenatide insoluble complex microspheres (Zn-EXT-Gel-MS), had smooth and rounded surfaces, with a particle size of 24.7 μm, and the encapsulation rate reached 89.43%. And it was released for 40 days in vitro, behaving better than the other two microspheres in terms of release behavior. When this product was administered subcutaneously to rats, it produced a comparatively constant plasma exenatide concentration that lasted for 24 days and superior bioavailability than the exenatide microspheres (EXT-MS). The creation of modified exenatide microspheres may serve as a heuristic method for other long-acting medications. Schematic diagram of the synthesis process and release curves of three types of exenatide microspheres in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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He X, Liu J, Song T, Sun Y, Lu X, Li N, Sun K. Effects of water-soluble additive on the release profile and pharmacodynamics of triptorelin loaded in PLGA microspheres. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37191554 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2214822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A satisfactory drug release profile for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist drugs is high initial release followed by small amount of drug release per day. In the present study, three water-soluble additives (NaCl, CaCl2 and glucose) were selected to improve the drug release profile of a model GnRH agonist drug-triptorelin from PLGA microspheres. The pore manufacturing efficiency of the three additives was similar. The effects of three additives on drug release were evaluated. Under the optimal initial porosity, the initial release amount of microspheres containing different additives was comparable, this ensured a good inhibitory effect on testosterone secretion in the early stage. For NaCl or CaCl2 containing microspheres, the drug remaining in the microsphere depleted rapidly after the initial release. The testosterone concentration gradually returned to an uncontrolled level. However, for glucose containing microspheres, it was found that the addition of glucose could not only increase the initial release of the drug but also assist in the subsequent controlled drug release. A good and long-time inhibitory effect on testosterone secretion was observed in this formulation. The underlying cause why the incorporation of glucose delayed the subsequent drug release was investigated. SEM results showed that considerable pores in glucose containing microspheres were healed during the microspheres incubation. After thermal analysis, an obvious glass transition temperature (Tg) depression was observed in this formulation. As Tg decreased, polymer chains are able to rearrange at lower temperatures. This, morphologic change was reflected in the gradual closure of the pores, and is the likely reason that drug release slowed down after the initial release.HighlightsThe addition of glucose could not only increase the burst release of the drug but also delay the subsequent drug release.High initial burst and a sustained drug release helped obtain a good inhibitory effect on testosterone secretion.As Tg decreased, polymer chain was prone to rearrange. Morphologic change was reflected in the gradual closure of the pores. This was the reason that drug release slowed down after the initial burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Sun
- Yantai Saipute Analyzing Service Co. Ltd, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuannuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Kotla NG, Pandey A, Vijaya Kumar Y, Ramazani F, Fisch A. Polyester-based long acting injectables: Advancements in molecular dynamics simulation and technological insights. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103463. [PMID: 36481584 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAI) delivery technologies have enabled the development of several pharmaceutical products that improve patient health by delivering therapeutics from weeks to months. Over the last decade, due to its good biocompatibility, formulation tunability, wide range of degradation rates, and extensive clinical studies, polyester-based LAI technologies including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) have made substantial progress. Herein, we discuss PLGA properties with seminal approaches in the development of LAIs, the role of molecular dynamic simulations of polymer-drug interactions, and their effects on quality attributes. We also outline the landscape of various advanced PLGA-based and a few non-PLGA LAI technologies; their design, delivery, and challenges from laboratory scale to preclinical and clinical use; and commercial products incorporating the importance of end-user preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan G Kotla
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Hyderabad 500081, India.
| | - Y Vijaya Kumar
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development (TRD), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development (TRD), Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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Park H, Ha E, Kim J, Kim M. Injectable sustained‐release poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres of exenatide prepared by supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion process based on a design of experiment approach. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10485. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Park
- College of Pharmacy Duksung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Eun‐Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Jeong‐Soo Kim
- Dong‐A ST Research Institute Dong‐A ST Co. Ltd. Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - Min‐Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan South Korea
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Fighting type 2 diabetes: Formulation strategies for peptide-based therapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:621-636. [PMID: 35256935 PMCID: PMC8897023 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global level. The discovery of insulin in the early 1900s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management, with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in clinical practice. Moreover, the subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics is a well-established route of administration generally preferred over the intravenous route due to better patient compliance and prolonged drug absorption. However, current subcutaneous formulations of GLP-1 RAs present pharmacokinetic problems that lead to adverse reactions and treatment discontinuation. In this review, we discuss the current challenges of subcutaneous administration of peptide-based therapeutics and provide an overview of the formulations available for the different routes of administration with improved bioavailability and reduced frequency of administration.
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Zhai J, Ou Z, Zhong L, Wang YE, Cao LP, Guan S. Exenatide-loaded inside-porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres as a long-acting drug delivery system with improved release characteristics. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1667-1675. [PMID: 33241694 PMCID: PMC7875555 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1850919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide (EXT) is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes. However, this peptide has a short biological half-life and the delayed release characteristic of current formulations limit its clinical application. Herein, we prepared EXT-loaded inside-porous poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres with outside layers (EXT-PMS) using a W1/O/W2 emulsion method with a microfluidic technique and its fabrication and formulation conditions were systematically investigated. In vitro dissolution experiments showed that the PLGA concentration, proportion of drug and oil phase, and the number and size of pores strongly affected the release behaviors of EXT-PMS. In vitro, the optimized EXT-PMS with large internal pores exhibited rapid and stable release without a lag phase. In a rat model, subcutaneous administration of the product yielded plasma concentrations of EXT that was sustained for 30 days with low burst and no delayed-release effect. The preparation of inside-porous microspheres is lighting up the development of long-acting drug delivery systems for other drugs with favorable release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanlun Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuting Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-E Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shixia Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Exenatide Microspheres for Monthly Controlled-Release Aided by Magnesium Hydroxide. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060816. [PMID: 34070856 PMCID: PMC8226777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of diabetes medicines offering self-regulating glycemic efficacy and may best be administrated in long-acting forms. Among GLP-1 receptor agonists, exenatide is the one requiring the least dose so that controlled-release poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres may best achieve this purpose. Based on this consideration, the present study extended the injection interval of exenatide microspheres from one week of the current dosage form to four weeks by simply blending Mg(OH)2 powder within the matrix of PLGA microspheres. Mg(OH)2 served as the diffusion channel creator in the earlier stage of the controlled-release period and the decelerator of the self-catalyzed degradation of PLGA (by the formed lactic and glycolic acids) in the later stage due to its pH-responsive solubility. As a result, exenatide gradually diffused from the microspheres through Mg(OH)2-created diffusion channels before degradation of the PLGA matrix, followed by a mild release due to Mg(OH)2-buffered degradation of the polymer skeleton. In addition, an extruding–settling process comprising squeezing the PLGA solution through a porous glass membrane and sedimentation-aided solidification of the PLGA droplets was used to prepare the microspheres to ensure narrow size distribution and 95% encapsulation efficiency in an aqueous continuous phase. A pharmacokinetic study using rhesus monkey model confirmed the above formulation design by showing a steady blood concentration profile of exenatide with reduced CMAX and dosage form index. Mg(OH)2.
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Kumar SR, Mehta CH, Nayak UY. Long-Acting Formulations: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:876-889. [PMID: 32634073 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medication and patient adherence are the two main aspects of any successful treatment of chronic disease. Even though diseases and its treatment existed for several hundred years, the treatment optimization for a given patient is still a researcher question for scientists. There are differences in treatment duration, prognostic signs and symptoms between patient to patient. Hence, designing ideal formulation to suit individual patient is a challenging task. The conventional formulations like oral solids and liquids gives a partial or incomplete treatment because the patient needs to follow the daily pills for a longer time. In such cases, the long-acting formulations will have better patient compliances as drug will be released for a longer duration. Many such approaches are under the clinical investigation. The favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships, will be promising option for the treatment of chronic diseases. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of long-acting formulations in the treatment of chronic diseases and the advent of newer formulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaraju R Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chetan H Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Tamani F, Bassand C, Hamoudi M, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Mechanistic explanation of the (up to) 3 release phases of PLGA microparticles: Monolithic dispersions studied at lower temperatures. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Peng Y, Ye C, Yan R, Lei Y, Ye D, Hong H, Cai T. Activatable Core-Shell Metallofullerene: An Efficient Nanoplatform for Bimodal Sensing of Glutathione. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46637-46644. [PMID: 31747242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallofullerenes have attracted considerable attention as potential novel noninvasive high-relaxivity magnetic resonance contrast agents. However, the applications of metallofullerenes as stimuli-responsive biosensors to monitor biological processes are still scarce. Herein, manganese-fullerenes core-shell nanocomposites are prepared via a facile one-pot approach to achieve GSH-activatable magnetic resonance/fluorescence bimodal imaging functions. The nanocomposites initially have a FRET-induced quenched fluorescence, and water-resisting stimulated low T1-MRI contrast. Upon exposure to GSH, collapse of the outer MnO2 shell led to reconstruction of the nanoprobes and subsequently resulted in multicolor fluorescence recovery and longitudinal (T1) relaxivity enhancement (r1 value up to 29.8 mM-1 s-1 at 0.5 T based on Mn ion). Our work demonstrates feasibility of using fullerenes to fabricate activatable probes for molecular imaging of GSH, which may promote the development of new fullerene-based stimuli-responsive multimodal probes for the detection and regulation of particular biological processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Runqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Yuzhu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Hao Hong
- School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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13
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Park H, Ha DH, Ha ES, Kim JS, Kim MS, Hwang SJ. Effect of Stabilizers on Encapsulation Efficiency and Release Behavior of Exenatide-Loaded PLGA Microsphere Prepared by the W/O/W Solvent Evaporation Method. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E627. [PMID: 31771254 PMCID: PMC6955873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various stabilizers on the encapsulation efficiency and release of exenatide-loaded PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) microspheres prepared by the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation (SE) method. It was shown that the stabilizers affected exenatide stability in aqueous solutions, at water/dichloromethane interfaces, on PLGA surfaces, or during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying procedures. Sucrose predominantly reduces instability generated during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. Phenylalanine prevents the destabilization at the water-dichloromethane (DCM) interface through decreased adsorption. Poloxamer 188 enhances stability in aqueous solutions and prevents adsorption to PLGA. Proline and lysine decrease adsorption on PLGA surfaces. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to find the molecular interaction of additives with exenatide or PLGA. Additives used in stability assessments were then added stepwise into the inner or outer water phase of the W/O/W double emulsion, and exenatide-loaded microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The effect of each stabilizer on the encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of microspheres correlated well with the stability assessment results, except for the negative effect of poloxamer 188. Particle size analysis using laser diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor sorption analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were also employed to characterize the prepared exenatide-loaded PLGA microsphere. This study demonstrated that an adequate formulation can be obtained by the study about the effect of stabilizers on peptide stability at the preformulation step. In addition, it can help to overcome various problems that can cause the destabilization of a peptide during the microsphere-manufacturing process and sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Eun-Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Jeong-Soo Kim
- Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Korea;
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
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Pharmacokinetics of Exenatide in nonhuman primates following its administration in the form of sustained-release PT320 and Bydureon. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17208. [PMID: 31748513 PMCID: PMC6868133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-dependent (30 min - day 84) plasma profile of PT320, a sustained-release (SR)-Exenatide formulation under clinical development for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, was evaluated in nonhuman primates after a single subcutaneous dose and was compared to Bydureon. Exenatide release from PT320 exhibited a triphasic pharmacokinetic profile. An initial peak occurred at 3 hr post-administration, a secondary peak at 5 days, and achievement of Exenatide steady-state plasma levels from day 10–28. Systemic exposure increased across PT320 doses, and Exenatide levels were maintained above the therapeutic threshold prior to achieving a steady-state. In contrast, Exenatide release from Bydureon exhibited a biphasic profile, with an initial plasma peak at 3 hr, followed by a rapid decline to a sub-therapeutic concentration, and a gradual elevation to provide a steady-state from day 35–49. Exenatide total exposure, evaluated from the area under the time-dependent Exenatide concentration curve, was similar for equivalent doses of PT320 and Bydureon. The former, however, reached and maintained steady-state plasma Exenatide levels more rapidly, without dipping to a sub-therapeutic concentration. Both SR-Exenatide formulations proved well-tolerated and, following a well-regulated initial release burst, generated steady-state plasma levels of Exenatide, but with PT320 producing continuous therapeutic Exenatide levels and more rapidly reaching a steady-state.
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Mechanistic Evaluation of the Opposite Effects on Initial Burst Induced by Two Similar Hydrophilic Additives From Octreotide Acetate–Loaded PLGA Microspheres. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2367-2376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of inner pH on peptide acylation within PLGA microspheres. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Seo BB, Park MR, Song SC. Sustained Release of Exendin 4 Using Injectable and Ionic-Nano-Complex Forming Polymer Hydrogel System for Long-Term Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15201-15211. [PMID: 30945843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Daily treatment of diabetes to stabilize blood glucose level poses a challenge for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder, and the treatment lasts for the rest of the patient's life after diagnosis. We presented a new injectable hydrogel depot system using exendin 4 (Ex-4) interactive and complex forming polymeric ionic-nano-particles for long-term antidiabetes treatment. Protamine-conjugated polymer (ProCP) was developed to form ionic-nano-complexes with Ex-4, as the amino-group-rich protamine and the negatively charged Ex-4 ( pI: 4.86) interact with each other due to their opposite electric charges in physiological conditions. Morphologically, the ProCP were nanoparticles in aqueous condition (10 wt % of ProCP in phosphate-buffered solution, <25 °C) and formed condensed ionic- and nano-complexes with Ex-4. The complexes formed a bulk hydrogel when exposed to body temperature. A slow release of the Ex-4/ProCP ionic-nano-complexes occurred from the hydrogel depot, followed by Ex-4 dissociation from the ionic-nano-complexes and hydrolysis of ProCP. Given that the Ex-4 release occurs after the complex releases from the hydrogel, the periods of Ex-4 release and hydrogel maintenance may be similar. The present system showed a considerably prolonged Ex-4 release. Additionally, it showed potential as a long-term effective and reproducible antidiabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bae Seo
- Center for Biomaterials , Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 130-650 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Park
- Center for Biomaterials , Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 130-650 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chang Song
- Center for Biomaterials , Korea Institute of Science & Technology , Seoul 130-650 , Republic of Korea
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Mazurek P, Brook MA, Skov AL. Glycerol-Silicone Elastomers as Active Matrices with Controllable Release Profiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11559-11566. [PMID: 30153731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug release regimes must be controlled for the optimal therapeutic effect. Although it is relatively straightforward to create first-order release matrices, it can be challenging to avoid an initial burst. Matrices with zero-order profiles are perceived to be beneficial in many cases but are even more difficult to formulate. We describe the straightforward synthesis of elastomeric composites prepared from silicone in which the active substance is dispersed in glycerol. The release of glycerol-soluble actives from the films of these materials was shown to be tunable with respect to the order of release (zero- or first-order) simply by changing the glycerol content. Importantly, release from the elastomers showed no burst effect. The discrete glycerol domains embedded within a silicone matrix act as reservoirs for active substances. Upon contact with aqueous media, the active substances are released from the matrices exhibiting zero-order, near zero-order, or first-order release kinetics. Various parameters that could influence the release process, including glycerol content, glycerol domain size, or membrane thickness, are thoroughly investigated, elucidating guidelines for creating matrices capable of delivering the active substances at desired rates. Additionally, the composites proved to absorb significant amounts of liquid water (up to 1850% of sample mass), a feature that can be tuned by the manipulation of the composite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mazurek
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Michael A Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street, W. , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Anne L Skov
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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