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Renawala HK, Chandrababu KB, Smith KJ, D'Addio SM, Topp EM. A Model Study to Assess Fibrillation and Product Stability to Support Peptide Drug Design. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2223-2237. [PMID: 38552144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The fibrillation of therapeutic peptides can present significant quality concerns and poses challenges for manufacturing and storage. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of fibrillation is critical for the rational design of fibrillation-resistant peptide drugs and can accelerate product development by guiding the selection of solution-stable candidates and formulations. The studies reported here investigated the effects of structural modifications on the fibrillation of a 29-residue peptide (PepA) and two sequence modified variants (PepB, PepC). The C-terminus of PepA was amidated, whereas both PepB and PepC retained the carboxylate, and Ser16 in PepA and PepB was substituted with a helix-stabilizing residue, α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), in PepC. In thermal denaturation studies by far-UV CD spectroscopy and fibrillation kinetic studies by fluorescence and turbidity measurements, PepA and PepB showed heat-induced conformational changes and were found to form fibrils, whereas PepC did not fibrillate and showed only minor changes in the CD signal. Pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) showed a high degree of protection from HD exchange in mature PepA fibrils and its proteolytic fragments, indicating that most of the sequence had been incorporated into the fibril structure and occurred nearly simultaneously throughout the sequence. The effects of the net peptide charge and formulation pH on fibrillation kinetics were investigated. In real-time stability studies of two formulations of PepA at pH's 7.4 and 8.0, analytical methods detected significant changes in the stability of the formulations at different time points during the study, which were not observed during accelerated studies. Additionally, PepA samples were withdrawn from real-time stability and subjected to additional stress (40 °C, continuous shaking) to induce fibrillation; an approach that successfully amplified oligomers or prefibrillar species previously undetected in a thioflavin T assay. Taken together, these studies present an approach to differentiate and characterize fibrillation risk in structurally related peptides under accelerated and real-time conditions, providing a model for rapid, iterative structural design to optimize the stability of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshil K Renawala
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Karthik B Chandrababu
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Katelyn J Smith
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suzanne M D'Addio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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2
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Martinez Morales M, van der Walle CF, Derrick JP. Modulation of the Fibrillation Kinetics and Morphology of a Therapeutic Peptide by Cucurbit[7]uril. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37327060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillation is a challenge commonly encountered in the formulation and development of therapeutic peptides. Cucurbit[7]urils (CB[7]), a group of water soluble macrocycles, have been reported to suppress fibrillation in insulin and human calcitonin through association with Phe and Tyr residues which drive fibril formation. Here, we report the effect of CB[7] on the fibrillation behavior of the HIV fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (ENF) that contains N-terminal Tyr and C-terminal Phe residues. Thioflavin T fluorescence, CD spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to monitor fibrillation behavior. Fibrillation onset showed a strong pH dependency, with pH 6.5 identified as the condition most suitable to monitor the effects of CB[7]. Binding of CB[7] to wild-type ENF was measured by isothermal titration calorimetry and was consistent with a single site (Ka = 2.4 × 105 M-1). A weaker interaction (Ka = 2.8 × 103 M-1) was observed for an ENF mutant with the C-terminal Phe substituted for Ala (ENFm), suggesting that Phe was the specific site for CB[7] recognition. The onset of ENF fibrillation onset was delayed, rather than fully suppressed, in the presence of CB[7]. The ENFm mutant showed a greater delay in fibrillation onset but with no observable effect on fibrillation kinetics in the presence of CB[7]. Interestingly, ENF/CB[7] and ENFm fibrils exhibited comparable morphologies, differing from those observed for ENF alone. The results indicate that CB[7] is capable of modulating fibrillation onset and the resulting ENF fibrils by specifically binding to the C-terminal Phe residue. The work reinforces the potential of CB[7] as an inhibitor of fibrillation and highlights its role in determining fibril morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Martinez Morales
- Dosage Form Design & Development, AstraZeneca, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Jeremy P Derrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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3
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Designing Formulation Strategies for Enhanced Stability of Therapeutic Peptides in Aqueous Solutions: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030935. [PMID: 36986796 PMCID: PMC10056213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the utilization of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic peptides are usually administered via the parenteral route, requiring an aqueous formulation. Unfortunately, peptides are often unstable in aqueous solutions, affecting stability and bioactivity. Although a stable and dry formulation for reconstitution might be designed, from a pharmaco-economic and practical convenience point of view, a peptide formulation in an aqueous liquid form is preferred. Designing formulation strategies that optimize peptide stability may improve bioavailability and increase therapeutic efficacy. This literature review provides an overview of various degradation pathways and formulation strategies to stabilize therapeutic peptides in aqueous solutions. First, we introduce the major peptide stability issues in liquid formulations and the degradation mechanisms. Then, we present a variety of known strategies to inhibit or slow down peptide degradation. Overall, the most practical approaches to peptide stabilization are pH optimization and selecting the appropriate type of buffer. Other practical strategies to reduce peptide degradation rates in solution are the application of co-solvency, air exclusion, viscosity enhancement, PEGylation, and using polyol excipients.
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4
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Petit N, Dyer JM, Gerrard JA, Domigan LJ, Clerens S. Insight into the self-assembly and gel formation of a bioactive peptide derived from bovine casein. BBA ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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5
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Renawala HK, Topp EM. Fibrillation of human insulin B-chain by pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Biophys J 2022; 121:4505-4516. [PMID: 36325616 PMCID: PMC9748358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin forms amyloid fibrils under slightly destabilizing conditions, and B-chain residues are thought to play an important role in insulin fibrillation. Here, pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy, thioflavin T (ThioT) fluorescence, turbidity, and soluble fraction measurements were used to monitor the kinetics and mechanisms of fibrillation of human insulin B-chain (INSB) in acidic solution (1 mg/mL, pH 4.5) under stressed conditions (40°C, continuous shaking). Initially, INSB rapidly formed β-sheet-rich oligomers that were protected from HD exchange and showed weak ThioT binding. Subsequent fibril growth and maturation was accompanied by even greater protection from HD exchange and stronger ThioT binding. With peptic digestion of deuterated INSB, HDX-MS suggested early involvement of the N-terminal (1-11, 1-15) and central (12-15, 16-25) fragments in fibril-forming interactions, whereas the C-terminal fragment (25-30) showed limited involvement. The results provide mechanistic understanding of the intermolecular interactions and structural changes during INSB fibrillation under stressed conditions and demonstrate the application of pulsed HDX-MS to probe peptide fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshil K Renawala
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland.
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Pramanik U, Khamari L, Rai S, Mahato P, Nandy A, Yadav R, Agrawal S, Mukherjee S. Macrocyclic Cavitand β-Cyclodextrin Inhibits the Alcohol-induced Trypsin Aggregation. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200155. [PMID: 35608331 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin, the most abundant pancreatic protein, aids in protein digestion by hydrolysis and exhibits aggregation propensity in presence of alcohol which can further lead to pancreatitis and eventually pancreatic cancer. Herein, by several experimental and theoretical approaches, we unearth the inhibition of alcohol-induced aggregation of Trypsin by macrocyclic cavitand, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). β-CD interacts with the native protein and shows inhibitory effect in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the secondary structures and morphologies of Trypsin in presence of β-CD also clearly emphasize the inhibition of fibril formation. From Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, we observed an enhancement in diffusion time of Nile Red with ~ 2.5 times increase in hydrodynamic radius, substantiating the presence of fibrillar structure. Trypsin also shows reduction in its functional activity due to alcohol-induced aggregation. Our simulation data reports the probable residues responsible for fibril formation which was validated by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasi Pramanik
- IISER Bopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Laxmikanta Khamari
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Rai
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Paritosh Mahato
- IISER Bopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Atanu Nandy
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Rahul Yadav
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Sameeksha Agrawal
- IISER Bopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Chemistry, Indore By-Pass Road, Bhauri, 462066, Bhopal, INDIA
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7
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Morel B, Carrasco-Jiménez MP, Jurado S, Conejero-Lara F. Rapid Conversion of Amyloid-Beta 1-40 Oligomers to Mature Fibrils through a Self-Catalytic Bimolecular Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126370. [PMID: 34198692 PMCID: PMC8232289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the brain is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A clear understanding of the different aggregation steps leading to fibrils formation is a keystone in therapeutics discovery. In a recent study, we showed that Aβ40 and Aβ42 form dynamic micellar aggregates above certain critical concentrations, which mediate a fast formation of more stable oligomers, which in the case of Aβ40 are able to evolve towards amyloid fibrils. Here, using different biophysical techniques we investigated the role of different fractions of the Aβ aggregation mixture in the nucleation and fibrillation steps. We show that both processes occur through bimolecular interplay between low molecular weight species (monomer and/or dimer) and larger oligomers. Moreover, we report here a novel self-catalytic mechanism of fibrillation of Aβ40, in which early oligomers generate and deliver low molecular weight amyloid nuclei, which then catalyze the rapid conversion of the oligomers to mature amyloid fibrils. This fibrillation catalytic activity is not present in freshly disaggregated low-molecular weight Aβ40 and is, therefore, a property acquired during the aggregation process. In contrast to Aβ40, we did not observe the same self-catalytic fibrillation in Aβ42 spheroidal oligomers, which could neither be induced to fibrillate by the Aβ40 nuclei. Our results reveal clearly that amyloid fibrillation is a multi-component process, in which dynamic collisions between different interacting species favor the kinetics of amyloid nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Morel
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología e Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (F.C.-L.); Tel.: +34-958-242-371 (F.C.-L.)
| | - María P. Carrasco-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Samuel Jurado
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología e Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología e Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (F.C.-L.); Tel.: +34-958-242-371 (F.C.-L.)
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8
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Renawala HK, Chandrababu KB, Topp EM. Fibrillation of Human Calcitonin and Its Analogs: Effects of Phosphorylation and Disulfide Reduction. Biophys J 2020; 120:86-100. [PMID: 33220304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some therapeutic peptides self-assemble in solution to form ordered, insoluble, β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils. This physical instability can result in reduced potency, cause immunogenic side effects, and limit options for formulation. Understanding the mechanisms of fibrillation is key to developing rational mitigation strategies. Here, amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange with mass spectrometric analysis (HDX-MS) coupled with proteolytic digestion was used to identify the early stage interactions leading to fibrillation of human calcitonin (hCT), a peptide hormone important in calcium metabolism. hCT fibrillation kinetics was sigmoidal, with lag, growth, and plateau phases as shown by thioflavin T and turbidity measurements. HDX-MS of fibrillating hCT (pH 7.4; 25°C) suggested early involvement of the N-terminal (1-11) and central (12-19) fragments in interactions during the lag phase, whereas C-terminal fragments (20-32 and 26-32) showed limited involvement during this period. The residue-level information was used to develop phosphorylated hCT analogs that showed modified fibrillation that depended on phosphorylation site. Phosphorylation in the central region resulted in complete inhibition of fibrillation for the phospho-Thr-13 hCT analog, whereas phosphorylation in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions inhibited but did not prevent fibrillation. Reduction of the Cys1-Cys7 disulfide bond resulted in faster fibrillation with involvement of different hCT residues as indicated by pulsed HDX-MS. Together, the results demonstrate that small structural changes have significant effects on hCT fibrillation and that understanding these effects can inform the rational development of fibrillation-resistant hCT analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshil K Renawala
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Karthik B Chandrababu
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ibeanu N, Egbu R, Onyekuru L, Javaheri H, Tee Khaw P, R. Williams G, Brocchini S, Awwad S. Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E999. [PMID: 33096803 PMCID: PMC7589296 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have emerged in recent years to treat a wide range of multifaceted diseases such as cancer, diabetes and inflammation. The emergence of polypeptides has yielded advancements in the fields of biopharmaceutical production and formulation. Polypeptides often display poor pharmacokinetics, limited permeability across biological barriers, suboptimal biodistribution, and some proclivity for immunogenicity. Frequent administration of polypeptides is generally required to maintain adequate therapeutic levels, which can limit efficacy and compliance while increasing adverse reactions. Many strategies to increase the duration of action of therapeutic polypeptides have been described with many clinical products having been developed. This review describes approaches to optimise polypeptide delivery organised by the commonly used routes of administration. Future innovations in formulation may hold the key to the continued successful development of proteins and peptides with optimal clinical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkiruka Ibeanu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Raphael Egbu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Lesley Onyekuru
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Hoda Javaheri
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Peng Tee Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Steve Brocchini
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Sahar Awwad
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ghosh D, Williams RO. Just how prevalent are peptide therapeutic products? A critical review. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119491. [PMID: 32622810 PMCID: PMC10655677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How prevalent are peptide therapeutic products? How innovative are the formulations used to deliver peptides? This review provides a critical analysis of therapeutic peptide products and the formulations approved by the United States Food and Drug administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). This review also provides an in-depth analysis of dosage forms and administration routes for delivering peptide therapeutics, including injectables, oral dosage forms, and other routes of administration. We discuss the function of excipients in parenteral formulations in detail, since most peptide therapeutics are parenterally administered. We provide case studies of alternate delivery routes and dosage forms. Based on our analysis, therapeutic peptides administered as injectables remain the most commonly used dosage forms, particularly in the form of subcutaneous, intravenous, or intramuscular injections. In addition, therapeutic peptides are formulated to achieve prolonged release, often through the use of polymer carriers. The limited number of oral therapeutic peptide products and their poor absorption and subsequent low bioavailability indicate a need for new technologies to broaden the formulation design space. Therapeutic peptide products may also be delivered through other administration routes, including intranasal, implant, and sublingual routes. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of how therapeutic peptides are now formulated and administered is essential to improve peptide delivery, improve patient compliance, and reduce the healthcare burden for these crucial therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hairui Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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11
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Antimicrobial Excipient-Induced Reversible Association of Therapeutic Peptides in Parenteral Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:850-859. [PMID: 32980392 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New classes of therapeutic peptides are being developed to prosecute biological targets which have been inaccessible to other modalities. Higher potency and longer half-life peptides have given rise to multiuse injectable formulations that enable convenient, low volume, and self-administered dosing; however, inclusion of antimicrobial preservatives to meet bactericidal requirements can impact other attributes of peptide formulations. Peptide-preservative interactions influencing solution-phase self-association of a non-insulin, linear, palmitoylated 31 amino acid peptide and two structurally similar peptides were assessed via turbidity, intrinsic fluorescence shifts and quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry, and 1H NMR. Meta-cresol and phenol specifically interact with the peptide, result in increased hydrophobicity near the tryptophan residue, and induce conformational changes, while benzyl alcohol does not impact tryptophan fluorescence, demonstrate any interaction enthalpy, or induce conformational changes. These same trends did not hold true for the other palmitoylated peptides evaluated, reinforcing the impacts of unique peptide sequences. Importantly, the presence of benzyl alcohol does increase the physical stability and solubility of the linear, 31 amino acid peptide under salt stress. We report new insights into the physical interactions of peptides with antimicrobial excipients, demonstrating a reversible association phenomenon and highlighting practical implications for formulation design and excipient selection.
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12
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Stabilization and Transdermal Delivery of an Investigational Peptide Using MicroCor® Solid-State Dissolving Microstructure Arrays. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1288-1296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Kapoor Y, Milewski M, Dick L, Zhang J, Bothe JR, Gehrt M, Manser K, Nissley B, Petrescu I, Johnson P, Burton S, Moseman J, Hua V, Grunewald T, Tomai M, Smith R. Coated microneedles for transdermal delivery of a potent pharmaceutical peptide. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 22:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Morel B, Conejero-Lara F. Early mechanisms of amyloid fibril nucleation in model and disease-related proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140264. [PMID: 31437584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein amyloid aggregation is a hallmark in neuropathologies and other diseases of tremendous impact such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. During the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that neuronal death is mainly induced by proteinaceous oligomers rather than the mature amyloid fibrils. Therefore, the earliest molecular events occurring during the amyloid aggregation cascade represent a growing interest of study. Important breakthroughs have been achieved using experimental data from different proteins, used as models, as well as systems related to diseases. Here, we summarize the structural properties of amyloid oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates and review the recent advances on how biophysical techniques can be combined with quantitative kinetic analysis and theoretical models to study the detailed mechanism of oligomer formation and nucleation of fibrils. These insights into the mechanism of early oligomerization and amyloid nucleation are of relevant interest in drug discovery and in the design of preventive strategies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Morel
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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