1
|
Lan M, Wang R, Li L, Ren W, Zhang X, Gu G, Zhang X, Xiang G. Stable room-temperature ferromagnetism and gate-tunable quantum anomalous Hall effect of two-dimensional 5d transition-metal trihalide OsX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1345-1351. [PMID: 38131394 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
5d transition-metal compounds are usually not expected to exhibit distinct magnetic ordering owing to their substantial binding energy associated with 5d electrons. In this study, we demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) 5d transition-metal Os trihalide OsX3 monolayers can exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism and quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) by utilizing density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulation. Our calculation results of coexisting Raman and infrared activities of lattice vibration reveal the structural stability of 2D OsX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and structural instability of 2D OsX3 (X = F). Furthermore, all 2D OsX3 trihalides (X = Cl, Br, I) are half-metals, and their ferromagnetism remains stable under ambient temperature, where 2D OsCl3 and OsBr3 have an in-plane easy axis while 2D OsI3 has an out-of-plane easy axis. Notably, when spin-orbit coupling is included, the gate-tunable QAHE could emerge in ferromagnetic 2D OsI3, while 2D OsCl3 and OsBr3 are topologically trivial. Additionally, the magnon bands of 2D OsX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) possess two spin-wave branches with dispersion similar to that of the Dirac cone in the electronic structure of graphene, which are attributed to the unique ferromagnetic honeycomb sublattice of osmium atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Lan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, 610225 Chengdu, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Hangzhou Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 311200 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lezhong Li
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, 610225 Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenning Ren
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, 610225 Chengdu, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, 610225 Chengdu, China.
| | - Gangxu Gu
- Yangtze Delta Region Industrial Innovation Center of Quantum and Information, 215133 Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China.
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Snoeren TJ, Pressler K, Kluherz KT, Walsh KM, De Yoreo JJ, Gamelin DR. Luminescence and Covalency in Ytterbium-Doped CrX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) van der Waals Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17427-17434. [PMID: 37523747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The layered 2D van der Waals ferromagnets CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) show broad d-d photoluminescence (PL). Here we report preparation, structural characterization, and spectroscopic studies of all three CrX3 compounds doped with the optical impurity, Yb3+. EXAFS measurements show very similar Cr K-edge and Yb L-edge data for each doped compound, and good fits of the latter are obtained for structures having Yb3+ occupying substitutional octahedral sites. Yb-X bond lengths are systematically ∼0.25 Å larger than their Cr-X counterparts. 4 K PL measurements show efficient sensitization of Yb3+ luminescence upon photoexcitation into lattice absorption bands [Cr3+ d-d and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT)] for all three compounds, converting their nondescript broadband d-d PL into sharp f-f emission. The PL of CrCl3:Yb3+ and CrBr3:Yb3+ occurs at energies typical for [YbX6]3- with these halides, with PL decay times of 0.5-1.0 ms at 4 K, but CrI3:Yb3+ displays anomalously low-energy Yb3+ emission and an unusually short PL decay time of only 8 μs at 4 K. Data analysis and angular overlap model (AOM) calculations show that Yb3+ in CrI3:Yb3+ has a lower spin-orbit splitting energy than reported for any other Yb3+ in any other compound. We attribute these observations to exceptionally high covalency of the Yb3+ f orbitals in CrI3:Yb3+ stemming primarily from the shallow valence-shell ionization potentials of the iodide anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thom J Snoeren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kimo Pressler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kyle T Kluherz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kelly M Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Sun R, Shen W, Jia Z, Deepak FL, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Atomic structure and large magnetic anisotropy in air-sensitive layered ferromagnetic VI 3. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4628-4635. [PMID: 36779225 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the air-sensitivity, atomic structure, and magnetic anisotropy of VI3 single crystals. We find that VI3 nanocrystals exhibit a large MR/MS ratio of around 0.75 and a uniaxial anisotropic constant of an order of 105 erg cc-1 below the Curie temperature. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations reveal that both the monolayer and bulk VI3 are ferromagnetic insulators, and the magnetic moment of the system arises mainly from the d orbital of the V atom. These findings open a feasible avenue to fabricating TEM specimens of air-sensitive layered materials, providing an in-depth comprehensive understanding of a layered ferromagnetic VI3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Rong Sun
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11003, Spain.
| | - Wei Shen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiyan Jia
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Layered van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted significant attention due to their materials properties that can enhance diverse applications including next-generation computing, biomedical devices, and energy conversion and storage technologies. This class of materials is typically studied in the two-dimensional (2D) limit by growing them directly on bulk substrates or exfoliating them from parent layered crystals to obtain single or few layers that preserve the original bonding. However, these vdW materials can also function as a platform for obtaining additional phases of matter at the nanoscale. Here, we introduce and review a synthesis paradigm, morphotaxy, where low-dimensional materials are realized by using the shape of an initial nanoscale precursor to template growth or chemical conversion. Using morphotaxy, diverse non-vdW materials such as HfO2 or InF3 can be synthesized in ultrathin form by changing the composition but preserving the shape of the original 2D layered material. Morphotaxy can also enable diverse atomically precise heterojunctions and other exotic structures such as Janus materials. Using this morphotaxial approach, the family of low-dimensional materials can be substantially expanded, thus creating vast possibilities for future fundamental studies and applied technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Xu J, Li W, Sun S, Gao S, Hou Y. Magnetic Nanostructures: Rational Design and Fabrication Strategies toward Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5411-5475. [PMID: 35014799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) has tremendously promoted both fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Different from the bulk magnet, the systematic engineering on MNSs has brought a great breakthrough in some emerging fields such as the construction of MNSs, the magnetism exploration of multidimensional MNSs, and their potential translational applications. In this review, we give a detailed description of the synthetic strategies of MNSs based on the fundamental features and application potential of MNSs and discuss the recent progress of MNSs in the fields of nanomedicines, advanced nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and electromagnetic wave adsorption (EMWA), aiming to provide guidance for fabrication strategies of MNSs toward diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Spin-X Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sutcliffe J, Johansson JO. A femtosecond magnetic circular dichroism spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113001. [PMID: 34852523 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of a broadband magneto-optical spectrometer with femtosecond temporal resolution. The absorption spectrometer is based on a white-light supercontinuum (∼320 to 750 nm) using shot-to-shot temporal and spectral referencing at 1 kHz. Static and transient absorption spectra using circularly polarized light are collected in a magnetic field. The difference spectra with respect to the external field direction give the static and transient magneto-optical Faraday rotation (magnetic optical rotary dispersion) and ellipticity (magnetic circular dichroism) spectra. An achromatic quarter-wave plate is used, and the impact of the deviation from ideal retardance on the spectra is discussed. Results from solution-based and thin-film samples are used to demonstrate the performance and wide applicability of the instrument. The sensitivities for the static and time-resolved data were found to be 5 and 0.4 mdeg, respectively. The method presents a simple way to measure magneto-optical spectra using a transient absorption spectrometer and an electromagnet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sutcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Olof Johansson
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turkiewicz A, Tomlinson W, Gonzalez MI, Hooper JP, Long JR. Templated Growth of a Spin-Frustrated Cluster Fragment of MnBr 2 in a Metal-Organic Framework. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16103-16110. [PMID: 34632759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metal-organic framework Zr6O4(OH)4(bpydc)6 (bpydc2- = 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate) is used to template the growth of a cluster fragment of the two-dimensional solid MnBr2, which was predicted to exhibit spin frustration. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses reveal a cluster with 19 metal ions arranged in a triangular lattice motif. Static magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate antiferromagnetic coupling between the high-spin (S = 5/2) MnII centers, and dynamic magnetic susceptibility data suggest population of low-lying excited states, consistent with magnetic frustration. Density functional theory calculations are used to determine the energies for a subset of thousands of magnetic configurations available to the cluster. The Yamaguchi generalized spin-projection method is then employed to construct a model for magnetic coupling interactions within the cluster, enabling facile determination of the energy for all possible magnetic configurations. The confined cluster is predicted to possess a doubly degenerate, highly geometrically frustrated ground state with a total spin of STotal = 5/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Warren Tomlinson
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943, United States
| | | | - Joseph P Hooper
- Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Och M, Martin MB, Dlubak B, Seneor P, Mattevi C. Synthesis of emerging 2D layered magnetic materials. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2157-2180. [PMID: 33475647 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals atomically thin magnetic materials have been recently discovered. They have attracted enormous attention as they present unique magnetic properties, holding potential to tailor spin-based device properties and enable next generation data storage and communication devices. To fully understand the magnetism in two-dimensions, the synthesis of 2D materials over large areas with precise thickness control has to be accomplished. Here, we review the recent advancements in the synthesis of these materials spanning from metal halides, transition metal dichalcogenides, metal phosphosulphides, to ternary metal tellurides. We initially discuss the emerging device concepts based on magnetic van der Waals materials including what has been achieved with graphene. We then review the state of the art of the synthesis of these materials and we discuss the potential routes to achieve the synthesis of wafer-scale atomically thin magnetic materials. We discuss the synthetic achievements in relation to the structural characteristics of the materials and we scrutinise the physical properties of the precursors in relation to the synthesis conditions. We highlight the challenges related to the synthesis of 2D magnets and we provide a perspective for possible advancement of available synthesis methods to respond to the need for scalable production and high materials quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Och
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, UK.
| | - Marie-Blandine Martin
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Dlubak
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Seneor
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cecilia Mattevi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soriano D, Katsnelson MI, Fernández-Rossier J. Magnetic Two-Dimensional Chromium Trihalides: A Theoretical Perspective. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6225-6234. [PMID: 32787171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of ferromagnetic order in monolayer two-dimensional (2D) crystals has opened a new venue in the field of 2D materials. Two-dimensional magnets are not only interesting on their own, but their integration in van der Waals heterostructures allows for the observation of new and exotic effects in the ultrathin limit. The family of chromium trihalides, CrI3, CrBr3, and CrCl3, is so far the most studied among magnetic 2D crystals. In this Mini Review, we provide a perspective of the state of the art of the theoretical understanding of magnetic 2D trihalides, most of which will also be relevant for other 2D magnets, such as vanadium trihalides. We discuss both the well-established facts, such as the origin of the magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy, and address as well open issues such as the nature of the anisotropic spin couplings and the magnitude of the magnon gap. Recent theoretical predictions on Moiré magnets and magnetic skyrmions are also discussed. Finally, we give some prospects about the future interest of these materials and possible device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Soriano
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Fernández-Rossier
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenido Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|