1
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Zhou X, Jiang T, Tao Y, Ji Y, Wang J, Lai T, Zhong D. Evidence of Ferromagnetism and Ultrafast Dynamics of Demagnetization in an Epitaxial FeCl 2 Monolayer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10912-10920. [PMID: 38613502 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism is driven not only by the interest of low-dimensional physics but also by potential applications in high-density miniaturized spintronic devices. However, 2D materials possessing a ferromagnetic order with a relatively high Curie temperature (Tc) are rare. In this paper, the evidence of ferromagnetism in monolayer FeCl2 on Au(111) surfaces, as well as the interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling of bilayer FeCl2, is characterized by using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. A Curie temperature (Tc) of ∼147 K is revealed for monolayer FeCl2, based on our static magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Furthermore, temperature-dependent magnetization dynamics is investigated by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. A transition from one- to two-step demagnetization occurs as the lattice temperature approaches Tc, which supports the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation mechanism. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing ultrafast magnetization in 2D ferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhan Zhou
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Neutron Science and Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangzhou No. 89 Secondary School, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Tianran Jiang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Neutron Science and Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Ji
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Neutron Science and Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Neutron Science and Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tianshu Lai
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dingyong Zhong
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Center for Neutron Science and Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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2
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Liu S, Long M, Wang YP. Theoretical Study on the Raman Effect Due to Magnons in Two-Dimensional Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7427-7433. [PMID: 37549247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is one of the most useful experimental tools for studying elementary excitations in two-dimensional (2D) materials. The Raman scattering due to phonons was widely employed for detecting structural evolutions, especially those caused by magnetic phase transitions in 2D magnets. A first-principles theory of the Raman scattering effect caused by magnons is still lacking. We theoretically study the magnon Raman effect in 2D magnet CrI3. We propose a first-principles method and have calculated the intensity of circularly polarized Raman signals due to different magnon modes in the CrI3 monolayer and bilayers. The calculated Raman intensities due to magnons in the CrI3 monolayer and the rhombohedral bilayer are consistent with the selection rule deduced from the magnon pseudoangular moment and the parity of magnon modes. We also find that the selection rule is violated in the symmetry-broken monoclinic bilayer due to interlayer coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Long
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang W, Sun R, Shen W, Jia Z, Deepak FL, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Atomic structure and large magnetic anisotropy in air-sensitive layered ferromagnetic VI 3. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4628-4635. [PMID: 36779225 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the air-sensitivity, atomic structure, and magnetic anisotropy of VI3 single crystals. We find that VI3 nanocrystals exhibit a large MR/MS ratio of around 0.75 and a uniaxial anisotropic constant of an order of 105 erg cc-1 below the Curie temperature. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations reveal that both the monolayer and bulk VI3 are ferromagnetic insulators, and the magnetic moment of the system arises mainly from the d orbital of the V atom. These findings open a feasible avenue to fabricating TEM specimens of air-sensitive layered materials, providing an in-depth comprehensive understanding of a layered ferromagnetic VI3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Rong Sun
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, 11003, Spain.
| | - Wei Shen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiyan Jia
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
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4
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Diederich GM, Cenker J, Ren Y, Fonseca J, Chica DG, Bae YJ, Zhu X, Roy X, Cao T, Xiao D, Xu X. Tunable interaction between excitons and hybridized magnons in a layered semiconductor. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:23-28. [PMID: 36577852 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between distinct excitations in solids is of both fundamental interest and technological importance. One such interaction is the coupling between an exciton, a Coulomb bound electron-hole pair, and a magnon, a collective spin excitation. The recent emergence of van der Waals magnetic semiconductors1 provides a platform to explore these exciton-magnon interactions and their fundamental properties, such as strong correlation2, as well as their photospintronic and quantum transduction3 applications. Here we demonstrate the precise control of coherent exciton-magnon interactions in the layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr. We varied the direction of an applied magnetic field relative to the crystal axes, and thus the rotational symmetry of the magnetic system4. Thereby, we tuned not only the exciton coupling to the bright magnon, but also to an optically dark mode via magnon-magnon hybridization. We further modulated the exciton-magnon coupling and the associated magnon dispersion curves through the application of uniaxial strain. At a critical strain, a dispersionless dark magnon band emerged. Our results demonstrate an unprecedented level of control of the opto-mechanical-magnonic coupling, and a step towards the predictable and controllable implementation of hybrid quantum magnonics5-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Diederich
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Cenker
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yafei Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Hovančík D, Repček D, Borodavka F, Kadlec C, Carva K, Doležal P, Kratochvílová M, Kužel P, Kamba S, Sechovský V, Pospíšil J. Terahertz Magnetic and Lattice Excitations in van der Waals Ferromagnet VI 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11095-11104. [PMID: 36417905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use the synergy of infrared, terahertz, and Raman spectroscopies with DFT calculations to shed light on the magnetic and lattice properties of VI3. The structural transition at TS1 = 79 K is accompanied by a large splitting of polar phonon modes. Below TS1, strong ferromagnetic fluctuations are observed. The variations of phonon frequencies at 55 K induced by magnetoelastic coupling enhanced by spin-orbit interaction indicate the proximity of long-range ferromagnetic order. Below TC = 50 K, two Raman modes simultaneously appear and show dramatic softening in the narrow interval around the temperature TS2 of the second structural transition associated with the order-order magnetic phase transition. Below TS2, a magnon in the THz range appears in Raman spectra. The THz magnon observed in VI3 indicates the application potential of 2D van der Waals ferromagnets in ultrafast THz spintronics, which has previously been considered the exclusive domain of antiferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Hovančík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Repček
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Fedir Borodavka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Christelle Kadlec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Carva
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Doležal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kratochvílová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kužel
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kamba
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Sechovský
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16Prague 2, Czech Republic
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6
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Soler-Delgado D, Yao F, Dumcenco D, Giannini E, Li J, Occhialini CA, Comin R, Ubrig N, Morpurgo AF. Probing Magnetism in Exfoliated VI 3 Layers with Magnetotransport. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6149-6155. [PMID: 35867517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We perform magnetotransport experiments on VI3 multilayers to investigate the relation between ferromagnetism in bulk and in exfoliated layers. The magnetoconductance measured on field-effect transistors and tunnel barriers shows that the Curie temperature of exfoliated multilayers is TC = 57 K, larger than in bulk (TC,bulk = 50 K). Below T ≈ 40 K, we observe an unusual evolution of the tunneling magnetoconductance, analogous to the phenomenology observed in bulk. Comparing the magnetoconductance measured for fields applied in- or out-of-plane corroborates the analogy, allows us to determine that the orientation of the easy-axis in multilayers is similar to that in bulk, and suggests that the in-plane component of the magnetization points in different directions in different layers. Besides establishing that the magnetic state of bulk and multilayers are similar, our experiments illustrate the complementarity of magnetotransport and magneto-optical measurements to probe magnetism in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soler-Delgado
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fengrui Yao
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dumitru Dumcenco
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Giannini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiaruo Li
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Connor A Occhialini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Riccardo Comin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicolas Ubrig
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alberto F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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8
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Fang X, Zhou B, Sun N, Fu L, Wang X. Valley splitting and magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional VI 3/MSe 2 (M = W, Mo) heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4374-4383. [PMID: 35112682 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As a new van der Waals ferromagnetic material, VI3 can be used to lift the valley degeneracy of transition metal dichalcogenides at the K' and K points. Here, the electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy of the VI3/MSe2 (M = W, Mo) heterostructures are studied. The VI3/WSe2 heterostructure is semiconducting with a band gap of 0.26 eV, while the VI3/MoSe2 heterostructure is metallic. Considering the spin-orbit-coupling, a maximum valley splitting of 3.1 meV appears in the VI3/WSe2 heterostructure. The biaxial strain can tune the valley splitting and magnetic anisotropy of VI3/MSe2 heterostructures. In the VI3/WSe2 heterostructure, which has the most stable stacking, valley splitting can be increased from 1.8 meV at 4% compressive strain to 3.1 meV at 4% tensile strain. At a biaxial strain of -2% to 4%, the VI3/WSe2 heterostructure maintains a small perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, while the VI3/MoSe2 heterostructure shows in-plane magnetic anisotropy under different strains. The significantly tunable electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy under biaxial strain suggest that the VI3/MSe2 heterostructures have potential applications in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Baozeng Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Nan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Luqian Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xiaocha Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communicate Devices, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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9
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Zhang H, Xu C, Carnahan C, Sretenovic M, Suri N, Xiao D, Ke X. Anomalous Thermal Hall Effect in an Insulating van der Waals Magnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:247202. [PMID: 34951793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.247202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have been a fertile playground for the discovery and exploration of physical phenomena and new physics. In this Letter, we report the observation of an anomalous thermal Hall effect (THE) with κ_{xy}∼1×10^{-2} W K^{-1} m^{-1} in an insulating van der Waals ferromagnet VI_{3}. The thermal Hall signal persists in the absence of an external magnetic field and flips sign upon the switching of the magnetization. In combination with theoretical calculations, we show that VI_{3} exhibits a dual nature of the THE, i.e., dominated by topological magnons hosted by the ferromagnetic honeycomb lattice at higher temperatures and by phonons induced by the magnon-phonon coupling at lower temperatures. Our results not only position VI_{3} as the first ferromagnetic system to investigate both anomalous magnon and phonon THEs, but also render it as a potential platform for spintronics-magnonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heda Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Chunqiang Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
- School of Physics Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Caitlin Carnahan
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Milos Sretenovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Nishchay Suri
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xianglin Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
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10
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The helicity of Raman scattered light: principles and applications in two-dimensional materials. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Lin Z, Huang B, Hwangbo K, Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Fei Z, Lv H, Millis A, McGuire M, Xiao D, Chu JH, Xu X. Magnetism and Its Structural Coupling Effects in 2D Ising Ferromagnetic Insulator VI 3. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9180-9186. [PMID: 34724786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) magnets have emerged as a tunable platform for exploring a variety of layer-dependent magnetic phenomena. Here we probe the thickness-dependent magnetism of vanadium triiodide (VI3), a material known as a layered ferromagnetic Mott insulator in its bulk form, using magnetic circular dichroism microscopy. Robust ferromagnetism is observed in all thin layers, down to the monolayer limit with large coercive fields. In contrast to known vdW magnets, the Curie temperature shows an anomalous increase as the layer number decreases, reaching a maximum of 60 K in monolayers. Second harmonic generation measurements reveal broken inversion symmetry in exfoliated flakes, down to trilayers. This observation demonstrates that the exfoliated flakes take a layer stacking arrangement that differed from the inversion-symmetric parent bulk counterpart. Our results suggest a coupling effect between magnetic and structural degrees of freedom in VI3 and its potential for engineering layer and twist angle-dependent magnetic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bevin Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kyle Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qianni Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zaiyao Fei
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hongyan Lv
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10001, United States
| | - Michael McGuire
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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12
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Feng Q, Li X, Li X, Yang J. CrSbS 3 monolayer: a potential phase transition ferromagnetic semiconductor. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14067-14072. [PMID: 34477687 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors with controllable magnetic phase transition are highly desirable for spintronics. Nevertheless, reports on their successful experimental realization are still rare. Herein, based on first principles calculations, we propose to achieve such a functional material, namely CrSbS3 monolayer by exfoliating from its bulk crystal. Intrinsic CrSbS3 monolayer is a ferromagnetic half semiconductor with a moderate bandgap of 1.90 eV. It features an intriguing magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic when applying a small compressive strain (∼2%), making it ideal for fabricating strain-controlled magnetic switches or memories. In addition, the predicted strong anisotropic absorption of visible light and small effective masses make the CrSbS3 monolayer promising for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Feng
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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13
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Bergeron H, Lebedev D, Hersam MC. Polymorphism in Post-Dichalcogenide Two-Dimensional Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2713-2775. [PMID: 33555868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a wide range of atomic structures, compositions, and associated versatility of properties. Furthermore, for a given composition, a variety of different crystal structures (i.e., polymorphs) can be observed. Polymorphism in 2D materials presents a fertile landscape for designing novel architectures and imparting new functionalities. The objective of this Review is to identify the polymorphs of emerging 2D materials, describe their polymorph-dependent properties, and outline methods used for polymorph control. Since traditional 2D materials (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides) have already been studied extensively, the focus here is on polymorphism in post-dichalcogenide 2D materials including group III, IV, and V elemental 2D materials, layered group III, IV, and V metal chalcogenides, and 2D transition metal halides. In addition to providing a comprehensive survey of recent experimental and theoretical literature, this Review identifies the most promising opportunities for future research including how 2D polymorph engineering can provide a pathway to materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadallia Bergeron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dmitry Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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