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Zhao C, Wang C, Shan W, Wang W, Deng H. Fusogenic Lipid Nanovesicle for Biomacromolecular Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38954738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although biomacromolecules are promising cytosolic drugs which have attracted tremendous attention, the major obstacles were the cellular membrane hindering the entrance and the endosome entrapment inducing biomacromolecule degradation. How to avoid those limitations to realize directly cytosolic delivery was still a challenge. Here, we prepared oligoarginine modified lipid to assemble a nanovesicle for biomacromolecules delivery, including mRNA (mRNA) and proteins which could be directly delivered into the cytoplasm of dendritic cells through subendocytosis-mediated membrane fusion. We named this membrane fusion lipid nanovesicle as MF-LNV. The mRNA loaded MF-LNV as nanovaccines showed efficient antigen expression to elicit robust immuno responses for cancer therapy. What's more, the antigen protein loaded MF-LNV as nanovaccines elicits much stronger CD8+ T cell specific responses than lipid nanoparticles through normal uptake pathways. This MF-LNV represented a refreshing strategy for intracellular delivery of the biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wenbo Shan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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2
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Zhao H, Zhang C, Tian C, Li L, Wu B, Stuart MAC, Wang M, Zhou X, Wang J. Rational design of diblock copolymer enables efficient cytosolic protein delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:722-734. [PMID: 38901362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-mediated cytosolic protein delivery demonstrates a promising strategy for the development of protein therapeutics. Here, we propose a new designed diblock copolymer which realizes efficient cytosolic protein delivery both in vitro and in vivo. The polymer contains one protein-binding block composed of phenylboronic acid (PBA) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) (DMAP) pendant units for protein binding and endosomal escape, respectively, followed by the response to ATP enriched in the cytosol which triggers the protein release. The other block is PEG designed to improve particle size control and circulation in vivo. By optimizing the block composition, sequence and length of the copolymer, the optimal one (BP20) was identified with the binding block containing 20 units of both PBA and DMAP, randomly distributed along the chain. When mixed with proteins, the BP20 forms stable nanoparticles and mediates efficient cytosolic delivery of a wide range of proteins including enzymes, toxic proteins and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNP), to various cell lines. The PEG block, especially when further modified with folic acid (FA), enables tumor-targeted delivery of Saporin in vivo, which significantly suppresses the tumor growth. Our results shall inspire the design of novel polymeric vehicles with robust capability for cytosolic protein delivery, which holds great potential for both biological research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Zhao
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Tian
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshu Li
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohang Wu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, 200003 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyou Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Lyu Q, Yao X, Wang W. Targeted protein delivery based on stimuli-triggered nanomedicine. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230025. [PMID: 38939867 PMCID: PMC11189579 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based drugs have shown unique advantages to treat various diseases in recent years. However, most protein therapeutics in clinical use are limited to extracellular targets with low delivery efficiency. To realize targeted protein delivery, a series of stimuli-triggered nanoparticle formulations have been developed to improve delivery efficiency and reduce off-target release. These smart nanoparticles are designed to release cargo proteins in response to either internal or external stimuli at pathological tissues. In this way, varieties of protein-based drugs including antibodies, enzymes, and pro-apoptotic proteins can be effectively delivered to desired sites for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and so on with minimal side effects. In this review, recent advances in the design of stimuli-triggered nanomedicine for targeted protein delivery in different biomedical applications will be discussed. A deeper understanding of these emerging strategies helps develop more efficient protein delivery systems for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Dr. Li Dak‐Sum Research CentreThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Dr. Li Dak‐Sum Research CentreThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qingyang Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Dr. Li Dak‐Sum Research CentreThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xiaotong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Dr. Li Dak‐Sum Research CentreThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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4
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Chan A, Tsourkas A. Intracellular Protein Delivery: Approaches, Challenges, and Clinical Applications. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0035. [PMID: 38282957 PMCID: PMC10809898 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein biologics are powerful therapeutic agents with diverse inhibitory and enzymatic functions. However, their clinical use has been limited to extracellular applications due to their inability to cross plasma membranes. Overcoming this physiological barrier would unlock the potential of protein drugs for the treatment of many intractable diseases. In this review, we highlight progress made toward achieving cytosolic delivery of recombinant proteins. We start by first considering intracellular protein delivery as a drug modality compared to existing Food and Drug Administration-approved drug modalities. Then, we summarize strategies that have been reported to achieve protein internalization. These techniques can be broadly classified into 3 categories: physical methods, direct protein engineering, and nanocarrier-mediated delivery. Finally, we highlight existing challenges for cytosolic protein delivery and offer an outlook for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang Z, Chen K, Ameduri B, Chen M. Fluoropolymer Nanoparticles Synthesized via Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12431-12470. [PMID: 37906708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated polymeric nanoparticles (FPNPs) combine unique properties of fluorocarbon and polymeric nanoparticles, which has stimulated massive interest for decades. However, fluoropolymers are not readily available from nature, resulting in synthetic developments to obtain FPNPs via free radical polymerizations. Recently, while increasing cutting-edge directions demand tailored FPNPs, such materials have been difficult to access via conventional approaches. Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are powerful methods to afford well-defined polymers. Researchers have applied RDRPs to the fabrication of FPNPs, enabling the construction of particles with improved complexity in terms of structure, composition, morphology, and functionality. Related examples can be classified into three categories. First, well-defined fluoropolymers synthesized via RDRPs have been utilized as precursors to form FPNPs through self-folding and solution self-assembly. Second, thermally and photoinitiated RDRPs have been explored to realize in situ preparations of FPNPs with varied morphologies via polymerization-induced self-assembly and cross-linking copolymerization. Third, grafting from inorganic nanoparticles has been investigated based on RDRPs. Importantly, those advancements have promoted studies toward promising applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, biomedical delivery, energy storage, adsorption of perfluorinated alkyl substances, photosensitizers, and so on. This Review should present useful knowledge to researchers in polymer science and nanomaterials and inspire innovative ideas for the synthesis and applications of FPNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- Institute Charles Gerhardt of Montpellier (ICGM), CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier 34296, France
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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6
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Shen Y, Guo Q, Zhang T, Wang L, Chen S, Lan X, Li Q, Xiao H. Zwitterionic dendrimer self-assembled nanodrugs with high drug loading for enhanced anti-tumor ability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113574. [PMID: 37797468 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic dendrimers have been used to construct many nanomedicines due to their ability to achieve controlled drug release, but their low drug loading content limits their application in nanodrug delivery. To solve this problem, the surface of second generation polypropylimine (G2 PPI) was modified with mercapturized paclitaxel (PTX-SH) and zwitterionic groups to prepare zwitterionic prodrug molecule (PPIMPC), and then zwitterionic dendrimer self-assembled nanodrugs (PPIMPC-DOX micelles) were prepared by incorporating doxorubicin (DOX) into the micelles. The DOX loading and paclitaxel (PTX) loading in PPIMPC-DOX micelles was 6.7% and 26.2%, respectively, and the total drug loading of PPIMPC-DOX was high to 32.9%. In addition, PPIMPC-DOX micelles showed enhanced cytotoxicity due to improved cell uptake of DOX. More importantly, the inhibition rate of tumor was much higher than free DOX. The zwitterionic property and high drug loading of PPIMPC-DOX micelles enhanced anti-tumor ability of chemotherapeutic drugs. The method of preparation of zwitterionic and high drug loading of nanodrugs shows good application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Quanling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Longgang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xifa Lan
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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7
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Pei Q, Jiang B, Hao D, Xie Z. Self-assembled nanoformulations of paclitaxel for enhanced cancer theranostics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3252-3276. [PMID: 37655323 PMCID: PMC10465968 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has occupied the critical position in cancer therapy, especially towards the post-operative, advanced, recurrent, and metastatic tumors. Paclitaxel (PTX)-based formulations have been widely used in clinical practice, while the therapeutic effect is far from satisfied due to off-target toxicity and drug resistance. The caseless multi-components make the preparation technology complicated and aggravate the concerns with the excipients-associated toxicity. The self-assembled PTX nanoparticles possess a high drug content and could incorporate various functional molecules for enhancing the therapeutic index. In this work, we summarize the self-assembly strategy for diverse nanodrugs of PTX. Then, the advancement of nanodrugs for tumor therapy, especially emphasis on mono-chemotherapy, combinational therapy, and theranostics, have been outlined. Finally, the challenges and potential improvements have been briefly spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dengyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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8
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Ding L, Rong G, Cheng Y. Fluorous Tagged Peptides for Intracellular Delivery and Biomedical Imaging. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300048. [PMID: 36918279 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorous tagged peptides have shown promising features for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and multimodal imaging. The bioconjugation of fluoroalkyl ligands onto cargo peptides greatly enhances their proteolytic stability and membrane penetration via a proposed "fluorine effect". The tagged peptides also efficiently deliver other biomolecules such as DNA and siRNA into cells via a co-assembly strategy. The fluoroalkyl chains on peptides with antifouling properties enable efficient gene delivery in the presence of serum proteins. Besides intracellular biomolecule delivery, the amphiphilic peptides can be used to stabilized perfluorocarbon-filled microbubbles for ultrasound imaging. The fluorine nucleus on fluoroalkyls provides intrinsic probes for background-free magnetic resonance imaging. Labeling of fluorous tags with radionuclide 18 F also allows tracing the biodistribution of peptides via positron emission tomography imaging. This mini-review will discuss properties and mechanism of the fluorous tagged peptides in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Rong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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Cao Q, Yang C, Yao Y, Li B, Liu J, Cao Z, Liu J, Xiao M. Learning from human metabolism for nanomedicine: a convertible bismuth-agent for tumour-selective theranostics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1835-1841. [PMID: 36876968 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-selective theranostic agents have attracted considerable interest over the past decade in oncology owing to their extraordinary anticancer efficacy. However, it still remains a challenge to develop theranostic agents balancing biocompatibility, multidimensional theranostics, tumour-selectivity, and simple components. Inspired by the metabolic pathways of exogenous sodium selenite against selenium-deficient diseases, reported here is the first convertible bismuth-based agent for tumour-selective theranostic functionalities. The specifically overexpressed substances in tumour tissue enable it to act as a natural reactor for the conversion from bismuth selenite to bismuth selenide, activating the theranostic functionalities specifically in tumour tissues. The converted product exhibits excellent multidimensional imaging-guided therapy. This study not only demonstrates a simple agent with both biocompatibility and sophisticated tumour-selective theranostic functionalities, but also pioneers a new approach from emulating nature towards oncological theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Cuihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China.
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Zhang L, Guo Q, Zheng R, Yu Q, Liang Y, Ma G, Li Q, Zhang X, Xiao H, Wang L. Zwitterionic Targeting Doxorubicin -Loaded Micelles Assembled by Amphiphilic Dendrimers with Enhanced Antitumor Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4766-4776. [PMID: 36939641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main method of treating malignant tumors in clinical treatment. However, the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs have the disadvantages of high biological toxicity, poor water solubility, low targeting ability, and high side effects. Zwitterionic micelles assembled by amphiphilic dendrimers modified with zwitterionic groups and targeting ligand should largely overcome these shortcomings. Herein, the zwitterionic group and targeting peptide c(RGDfC) were modified on the surface of generation 2 poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (G2 PPI), which was conjugated with hydrophobic N-(2-mercaptoethyl) oleamide to form amphiphilic dendrimers (PPIMYRC). PPIMYRC self-assembled into micelles with doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in the interior of micelles to prepare DOX-loaded micelles (PPIMYRC-DOX micelles). The PPIMYRC-DOX micelles had great stability in fibrinogen and pH-responsive drug release. Furthermore, PPIMYRC-DOX micelles had higher cellular uptake rates than free DOX, resulting in higher cytotoxicity of PPIMYRC-DOX micelles than that of free DOX. More importantly, PPIMYRC-DOX micelles inhibited tumors much better than free DOX. The tumor inhibition rate of PPIMYRC-DOX micelles was as high as 93%. Taken together, PPIMYRC-DOX micelles were assembled by amphiphilic dendrimers with the zwitterionic and targeting groups, which enhanced the therapeutic effect of DOX and reduced its side effects. The prepared targeting nanodrug has great potential for further application in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Quanling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ruixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qingyu Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guanglong Ma
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, U.K
| | - Qiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Longgang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Shen S, Gao Y, Ouyang Z, Jia B, Shen M, Shi X. Photothermal-triggered dendrimer nanovaccines boost systemic antitumor immunity. J Control Release 2023; 355:171-183. [PMID: 36736909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vaccine that can effectively activate or strengthen the body's antitumor immune response to kill and eliminate tumor cells has attracted widespread attention. Currently developed tumor vaccines have severe shortcomings such as low bioavailability and lack of dual or multiple functions, resulting in poor antitumor efficacy. Herein, we report the development of an advanced nanosystem integrated with phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of generation 5 (G5), copper sulfide nanoparticles, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), an immune adjuvant (for short, G5-PBA@CuS/cGAMP) to act as a photothermal-triggered nanovaccine. We show that the prepared functional nanosystem possesses an average CuS core size of 3.6 nm, prominent near-infrared absorption feature to have an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.0%, and good protein adsorption characteristics due to the PBA modification. With these features, the developed nanosystem can be adopted for photothermal therapy of primary melanoma tumors and simultaneously absorb the whole tumor cell antigens, thus creating photothermal-triggered dendrimeric nanovaccine of G5-PBA@CuS/cGAMP/antigen in situ to induce antitumor immune response to inhibit the distal tumors as well. Meanwhile, melanoma cells treated with the G5-PBA@CuS in vitro under laser irradiation allowed the creation of G5-PBA@CuS/antigen complexes that could be further integrated with cGAMP to form preformed nanovaccine for effective primary tumor inhibition and tumor occurrence prevention. The designed photothermal-triggered dendrimeric nanovaccine may represent an advanced nanomedicine formulation to effectively inhibit the growth of primary and distal tumors, and prevent tumor occurrence through the stimulated systemic antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bingyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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12
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Wong KH, Guo Z, Law MK, Chen M. Functionalized PAMAM constructed nanosystems for biomacromolecule delivery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1589-1606. [PMID: 36692071 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamines (PAMAMs) are a class of dendrimer with monodispersity and controlled topology, which can deliver biologically active macromolecules (e.g., genes and proteins) to specific regions with high efficiency and minimum side effects. In detail, PAMAMs can be functionalized easily by core modification or surface amendment to encapsulate a wide range of biomacromolecules. Besides, self-assembled, cross-linked and hybrid PAMAMs with customized therapeutic purposes are developed as delivery vehicles, which makes PAMAMs promising for biomacromolecule therapy. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the application of PAMAMs in biomacromolecule delivery from the synthesis of functionalized PAMAM carriers to the development of PAMAM-based drug delivery systems. The underlying strategies for PAMAM functionalization and assembly are first systematically discussed, and then the current applications of PAMAMs for biomacromolecule delivery are reviewed. Finally, a brief perspective on the further applications of PAMAMs concludes, aiming to provide insights into developing PAMAM-based biomacromolecule delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hong Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Zhaopei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Man-Kay Law
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, IME and FST-ECE, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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13
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Shao L, Ma J, Prelesnik JL, Zhou Y, Nguyen M, Zhao M, Jenekhe SA, Kalinin SV, Ferguson AL, Pfaendtner J, Mundy CJ, De Yoreo JJ, Baneyx F, Chen CL. Hierarchical Materials from High Information Content Macromolecular Building Blocks: Construction, Dynamic Interventions, and Prediction. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17397-17478. [PMID: 36260695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical materials that exhibit order over multiple length scales are ubiquitous in nature. Because hierarchy gives rise to unique properties and functions, many have sought inspiration from nature when designing and fabricating hierarchical matter. More and more, however, nature's own high-information content building blocks, proteins, peptides, and peptidomimetics, are being coopted to build hierarchy because the information that determines structure, function, and interfacial interactions can be readily encoded in these versatile macromolecules. Here, we take stock of recent progress in the rational design and characterization of hierarchical materials produced from high-information content blocks with a focus on stimuli-responsive and "smart" architectures. We also review advances in the use of computational simulations and data-driven predictions to shed light on how the side chain chemistry and conformational flexibility of macromolecular blocks drive the emergence of order and the acquisition of hierarchy and also on how ionic, solvent, and surface effects influence the outcomes of assembly. Continued progress in the above areas will ultimately usher in an era where an understanding of designed interactions, surface effects, and solution conditions can be harnessed to achieve predictive materials synthesis across scale and drive emergent phenomena in the self-assembly and reconfiguration of high-information content building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jinrong Ma
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jesse L Prelesnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mary Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mingfei Zhao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samson A Jenekhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - François Baneyx
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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14
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Ali AA, Abuwatfa WH, Al-Sayah MH, Husseini GA. Gold-Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanostructures for Multimodal Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203706. [PMID: 36296896 PMCID: PMC9608376 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the urgent need for bio-nanomaterials to improve the currently available cancer treatments, gold nanoparticle (GNP) hybrid nanostructures are rapidly rising as promising multimodal candidates for cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been hybridized with several nanocarriers, including liposomes and polymers, to achieve chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, and imaging using a single composite. The GNP nanohybrids used for targeted chemotherapy can be designed to respond to external stimuli such as heat or internal stimuli such as intratumoral pH. Despite their promise for multimodal cancer therapy, there are currently no reviews summarizing the current status of GNP nanohybrid use for cancer theragnostics. Therefore, this review fulfills this gap in the literature by providing a critical analysis of the data available on the use of GNP nanohybrids for cancer treatment with a specific focus on synergistic approaches (i.e., triggered drug release, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy). It also highlights some of the challenges that hinder the clinical translation of GNP hybrid nanostructures from bench to bedside. Future studies that could expedite the clinical progress of GNPs, as well as the future possibility of improving GNP nanohybrids for cancer theragnostics, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal Abdulraqeb Ali
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waad H. Abuwatfa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Sayah
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Wang K, Rong G, Gao Y, Wang M, Sun J, Sun H, Liao X, Wang Y, Li Q, Gao W, Cheng Y. Fluorous-Tagged Peptide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Acute Lung Injury via Lysosomal Stabilization and Inflammation Inhibition in Pulmonary Macrophages. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203432. [PMID: 36069247 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory critical syndrome that currently has no effective therapeutic interventions. Pulmonary macrophages play a principal role in the initiation and progression of the overwhelming inflammation in ALI/ARDS. Here, a type of fluorous-tagged bioactive peptide nanoparticle termed CFF13F is developed, which can be efficiently internalized by macrophages and suppress the excessive expression of cytokines and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cytoprotective effect of CFF13F may be attributed to the lysosomal-stabilization property and regulation of the antioxidative system. Moreover, intratracheal pretreatment with CFF13F can effectively reduce local and systematic inflammation, and ameliorate pulmonary damage in an LPS-induced ALI murine model. The therapeutic efficacy of CFF13F is affected by the administration routes, and the local intratracheal injection is found to be the optimal choice for ALI treatment, with preferred biodistribution profiles. The present study provides solid evidence of the potent immunomodulatory bioactivity of the fluorous-tagged peptide nanoparticles CFF13F in vitro and in vivo, and sheds light on the development of novel efficient nanodrugs for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 250021, P. R. China
| | - Muyun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Ximing Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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16
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Carrier-free supramolecular nanomedicines assembled by small-molecule therapeutics for cancer treatment. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Tieu T, Jiang J, Hao S, Li P, Richardson M, Baell J, Thissen H, Cifuentes A, Li L, Voelcker NH. Porous Silicon Nanocarriers with Stimulus-Cleavable Linkers for Effective Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200076. [PMID: 35306736 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) are widely utilized as drug carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility, large surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. However, the dispersion in pore size and biodegradability of pSiNPs arguably have hindered the application of pSiNPs for controlled drug release. Here, a step-changing solution to this problem is described involving the design, synthesis, and application of three different linker-drug conjugates comprising anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and different stimulus-cleavable linkers (SCLs) including the photocleavable linker (ortho-nitrobenzyl), pH-cleavable linker (hydrazone), and enzyme-cleavable linker (β-glucuronide). These SCL-DOX conjugates are covalently attached to the surface of pSiNP via copper (I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC, i.e., click reaction) to afford pSiNP-SCL-DOXs. The mass loading of the covalent conjugation approach for pSiNP-SCL-DOX reaches over 250 µg of DOX per mg of pSiNPs, which is notably twice the mass loading achieved by noncovalent loading. Moreover, the covalent conjugation between SCL-DOX and pSiNPs endows the pSiNPs with excellent stability and highly controlled release behavior. When tested in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models, the pSiNP-SCL-DOXs induces excellent tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Terence Tieu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jiamin Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Shiping Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Panpan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Mark Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Anna Cifuentes
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electrons Xi'an institute of Flexible Electrons (IFE) and Xi'an institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
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18
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Barrios A, Estrada M, Moon JH. Carbamoylated Guanidine-Containing Polymers for Non-Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum-Containing Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116722. [PMID: 34995405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high potential of controlling cellular processes and treating various diseases by intracellularly delivered proteins, current delivery systems exhibit poor efficiency due to poor serum stability, cellular entry, and cytosolic availability of proteins. Here, we report a novel functional group, phenyl carbamoylated guanidine (Ph-CG), that greatly enhances the delivery efficiency to various types of cells. Owing to the substantially lowered pKa , the hydrophobic Ph-CG offers optimized inter-macromolecular interactions via enhanced hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The coplanarity of Ph-CG also leads to the better intracellular entry of protein complexes. Intracellularly delivered apoptosis-inducing enzymes and antibodies significantly induce cell viability inhibitions in a serum-containing medium. The newly developed Ph-CG can be introduced to various existing carriers, leading to the realization of future therapeutic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Barrios
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institutes, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Marilen Estrada
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institutes, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
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19
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Lv J, Wang H, Rong G, Cheng Y. Fluorination Promotes the Cytosolic Delivery of Genes, Proteins, and Peptides. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:722-733. [PMID: 35175741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic delivery of biomolecules such as genes, proteins, and peptides is of great importance for biotherapy but usually limited by multiple barriers during the process. Cell membrane with high hydrophobic character is one of the representative biological barriers for cytosolic delivery. The introduction of hydrophobic ligands such as aliphatic lipids onto materials or biomolecules could improve their membrane permeability. However, these ligands are lipophilic and tend to interact with the phospholipids in the membrane as well as serum proteins, which may hinder efficient intracellular delivery. To solve this issue, our research group proposed the use of fluorous ligands with both hydrophobicity and lipophobicity as ideal alternatives to aliphatic lipids to promote cytosolic delivery.In our first attempt, fluorous ligands were conjugated onto cationic polymers to increase their gene delivery efficacy. The fluorination dramatically increased the gene delivery performance at low polymer doses. In addition, the strategy greatly improved the serum tolerance of cationic polymers, which is critical for efficient gene delivery in vivo. Besides serum tolerance, mechanism studies revealed that fluorination increases multiple steps such as cellular uptake and endosomal escape. Fluorination also allowed the assembly of low-molecular-weight polymers and achieved highly efficient gene delivery with minimal material toxicity. The method showed robust efficiency for polymers, including linear polymers, branched polymers, dendrimers, bola amphiphilies, and dendronized polymers.Besides gene delivery, fluorinated polymers were also used for intracellular protein delivery via a coassembly strategy. For this purpose, two lead fluoropolymers were screened from a library of amphiphilic materials. The fluoropolymers are greatly superior to their nonfluorinated analogues conjugated with aliphatic lipids. The fluorous lipids are beneficial for polymer assembly and protein encapsulation, reduced protein denaturation, facilitated endocytosis, and decreased polymer toxicity compared to nonfluorinated lipids. The materials exhibited potent efficacy in therapeutic protein and peptide delivery to achieve cancer therapy and were able to fabricate a personalized nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the fluorous lipids were directly conjugated to peptides via a disulfide bond for cytosolic peptide delivery. Fluorous lipids drive the assembly of cargo peptides into uniform nanoparticles with much improved proteolytic stability and promote their delivery into various types of cells. The delivery efficacy of this strategy is greatly superior to traditional techniques such as cell-penetrating peptides both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the fluorination techniques provide efficient and promising strategies for the cytosolic delivery of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Rong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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20
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Rehman MU, Khan A, Imtiyaz Z, Ali S, Makeen HA, Rashid S, Arafah A. Current Nano-therapeutic Approaches Ameliorating Inflammation in Cancer Progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:886-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Wu F, Chen Y, Yin L. Tailoring Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester) as a Robust and Universal Platform for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108116. [PMID: 34894367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic protein delivery is a prerequisite for protein-based biotechnologies and therapeutics on intracellular targets. Polymers that can complex with proteins to form nano-assemblies represent one of the most important categories of materials, because of the ease of nano-fabrication, high protein loading efficiency, no need for purification, and maintenance of protein bioactivity. Stable protein encapsulation and efficient intracellular liberation are two critical yet opposite processes toward cytosolic delivery, and polymers that can resolve these two conflicting challenges are still lacking. Herein, hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE) with backbone-embedded phenylboronic acid (PBA) is developed to synchronize these two processes, wherein PBA enhanced protein encapsulation via nitrogen-boronate (N-B) coordination while triggered polymer degradation and protein release upon oxidation by H2 O2 in cancer cells. Upon optimization of the branching degree, charge density, and PBA distribution, the best-performing A2-B3-C2-S2 -P2 is identified, which mediates robust delivery of various native proteins/peptides with distinct molecular weights (1.6-430 kDa) and isoelectric points (4.1-10.3) into cancer cells, including enzymes, toxins, antibodies, and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Moreover, A2-B3-C2-S2 -P2 mediates effective cytosolic delivery of saporin both in vitro and in vivo to provoke remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. Such a potent and universal platform holds transformative potentials for protein pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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22
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Sarkar AK, Debnath K, Arora H, Seth P, Jana NR, Jana NR. Direct Cellular Delivery of Exogenous Genetic Material and Protein via Colloidal Nano-Assemblies with Biopolymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3199-3206. [PMID: 34985241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct cytosolic delivery of large biomolecules that bypass the endocytic pathways is a promising strategy for therapeutic applications. Recent works have shown that small-molecule, nanoparticle, and polymer-based carriers can be designed for direct cytosolic delivery. It has been shown that the specific surface chemistry of the carrier, nanoscale assembly between the carrier and cargo molecule, good colloidal stability, and low surface charge of the nano-assembly are critical for non-endocytic uptake processes. Here we report a guanidinium-terminated polyaspartic acid micelle for direct cytosolic delivery of protein and DNA. The polymer delivers the protein/DNA directly to the cytosol by forming a nano-assembly, and it is observed that <200 nm size of colloidal assembly with near-zero surface charge is critical for efficient cytosolic delivery. This work shows the importance of size and colloidal property of the nano-assembly for carrier-based cytosolic delivery of large biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Kumar Sarkar
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Koushik Debnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Himali Arora
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Nihar R Jana
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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Fu L, Hua X, Jiang X, Shi J. Multistage Systemic and Cytosolic Protein Delivery for Effective Cancer Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:111-118. [PMID: 34962818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical applications of protein therapy are largely limited to systemically accessible targets in vascular or extracellular areas. Major obstacles to the widespread application of protein therapeutics in cancer treatment include low membrane permeability and endosomal entrapment. Herein, we report a multistage nanoparticle (NP) strategy for systemic and cytosolic protein delivery to tumor cells, by encapsulating a protein conjugate, tetra-guanidinium (TG)-modified saporin, into tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive polymeric NPs. Upon reaching the tumor site after systemic circulation, the polymeric NPs respond rapidly to the acidic tumor microenvironment and release the TG-saporin conjugates, which penetrate the tumor tissue and enter into tumor cells via TG-mediated cytosolic transportation. The TG-saproin NPs showed potent inhibition of lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We expect that this multistage NP delivery strategy with long blood circulation, deep tumor penetration, and efficient cytosolic transport may be applicable to various therapeutic proteins for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Fu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xianwu Hua
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xingya Jiang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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24
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Barrios A, Estrada M, Moon JH. Carbamoylated Guanidine‐Containing Polymers for Non‐Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum‐Containing Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Barrios
- Florida International University chemistry and biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Marilen Estrada
- Florida International University Natural and Applied Sciences UNITED STATES
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Florida International University Chemistry and Biochemistry 11200 SW 8th St.MMC CP311 33199 Miami UNITED STATES
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25
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Yin C, Xiao P, Liang M, Li J, Sun Y, Jiang X, Wu W. Effects of iRGD conjugation density on the in vitro and in vivo properties of cylindrical polymer brushes. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3236-3244. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
iRGD can significantly improve the tumor accumulation and tumor penetration of nanomaterials. However, it still remains unclear how far iRGD can enhance the properties of nanomaterials when its conjugation density...
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26
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Zhang X, Wang DY, Wu X, Zhao Y, Li X, Ma R, Huang F, Shi L. “Spear and Shield in One” Nanochaperone Enables Protein to Navigate Multiple Biological Barriers for Enhanced Tumor Synergistic Therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3575-3584. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics have been viewed as powerful candidates for cancer treatment by virtue of highly specific bioactivity and minimized adverse effects. However, the intracellular delivery of protein drugs remains enormously...
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27
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Hu B, Liu R, Liu Q, Lin Z, Shi Y, Li J, Wang L, Li L, Xiao X, Wu Y. Engineering surface patterns on nanoparticles: New insights on nano-bio interactions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2357-2383. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles affect their fates in biological systems. Based on nanotechnology and methodology, pioneering works have explored the effects of chemical surface patterns on the behavior of...
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28
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Jiang B, Hao D, Li C, Lu S, Pei Q, Xie Z. Fluorinated paclitaxel prodrugs for potentiated stability and chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9971-9979. [PMID: 34871339 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Robust colloidal stability is an essential prerequisite for effective drug delivery. Herein, a series of fluorinated paclitaxel prodrugs bridged with redox-responsive linkages were synthesized, and the effect of fluorination on the assembly behavior and physiological stability was investigated. The 17-fluorinated ethanol-modified paclitaxel prodrug could self-assemble into stable nanoparticles without the addition of any surfactants. Fluorinated paclitaxel prodrug nanoparticles possessed potent cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and superior antitumor activity. This study offers a universal fluorination approach to improve drug delivery efficacy by enhancing the self-assembly capability and improving the colloidal stability of prodrugs for potentiating chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dengyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shaojin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang T, Long K, Zhang Y, Wang W. Photoenhanced cytosolic protein delivery based on a photocleavable group-modified dendrimer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17784-17792. [PMID: 34668505 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recently developed therapies have highlighted the advantages of using proteins as therapeutics. However, in many protein delivery systems, the complicated carrier designs, low loading content, and off-targeting effects have limited their clinical applications. Here we report a photoresponsive protein-binding moiety and use it to prepare a simple nanoscale protein delivery system with high delivery efficiency and photoenhanced cellular uptake of proteins. The carrier was prepared by modifying a photocleavable molecule, DEACM, onto the surface of a cationic dendrimer, poly(amidoamine). DEACM simultaneously contributed to protein binding, self-assembly, and photocontrollability of the system. The multi-functional DEACM enabled the simplicity of the protein delivery system, which does not require complex organic synthesis or protein modification. The high delivery efficiency, high serum tolerance, and photoenhanced cellular uptake have been proved with functional proteins, presenting the potential for delivering protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kaiqi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yaming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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30
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Lu H. Intracellular delivery of His-tagged proteins via a hybrid organic–inorganic nanoparticle. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Zhang S, Lv J, Gao P, Feng Q, Wang H, Cheng Y. A pH-Responsive Phase-Transition Polymer with High Serum Stability in Cytosolic Protein Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7855-7861. [PMID: 34478313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-mediated intracellular protein delivery systems are important for the development of protein-based biotechnologies and therapeutics. However, intracellular delivery of cargo proteins in the presence of serum remains challenging due to competitive binding of serum proteins with the polymers. Here, we reported a dendrimer engineered with a high density of 4-diethylaminophenyl groups on the surface to address this issue. The dendrimer showed a pH-responsive phase-transition behavior and could assemble with cargo proteins into stable nanoparticles in serum solutions. It efficiently delivered cargo proteins into living cells, and exhibited a pH-responsive disassembly behavior after cell internalization. As a result, various cargo proteins were delivered into the cytosol of living cells with maintained bioactivity. This study provided a convenient and efficient strategy to design polymers with high serum-tolerance in cytosolic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Jia Lv
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Feng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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32
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Yan Y, Zhou L, Sun Z, Song D, Cheng Y. Targeted and intracellular delivery of protein therapeutics by a boronated polymer for the treatment of bone tumors. Bioact Mater 2021; 7:333-340. [PMID: 34466736 PMCID: PMC8379369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of malignant bone tumors by chemotherapeutics often receives poor therapeutic response due to the specific physiological bone environment, and thus calls for the development of new therapeutic options. Here, we reported a bone-targeted protein nanomedicine for this purpose. Saporin, a toxin protein, was co-assembled with a boronated polymer for intracellular protein delivery, and the formed nanoparticles were further coated with an anionic polymer poly (aspartic acid) to shield the positive charges on nanoparticles and provide the bone targeting function. The prepared ternary complex nanoparticles showed high bone accumulation both in vitro and in vivo, and could reverse the surface charge property from negative to positive after locating at tumor site triggered by tumor extracellular acidity. The boronated polymer in the de-shielded nanoparticles further promote intracellular delivery of saporin into tumor cells, exerting the anticancer activity of saporin by inactivation of ribosomes. As a result, the bone-targeted and saporin-loaded nanomedicine could kill cancer cells at a low saporin dose, and efficiently prevented the progression of osteosarcoma xenograft tumors and bone metastatic breast cancer in vivo. This study provides a facile and promising strategy to develop protein-based nanomedicines for the treatment of malignant bone tumors. This work developed a targeted and protein-based nanotherapeutics for the treatment of bone tumors. The nanomedicine showed tumor acitivity activated charge reveral property. The protein nanotherapeutics efficiently inhibited the growth of bone tumors and osteolysis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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33
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Liu D, Ji Y, Gao X, Yin J, Yao W. Cytosolic Protein Delivery for Intracellular Antigen Targeting Using Supercharged Polypeptide Delivery Platform. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6022-6030. [PMID: 34227381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-recognized clinical success of therapeutic proteins, especially antibodies, their inability to penetrate the cell membrane restricts them to secretory extracellular or membrane-associated targets. Developing a direct cytosolic protein delivery system would offer unique opportunities for intracellular target-related therapeutic proteins. Here, we generated a supercharged polypeptide (SCP) with high cellular uptake efficiency, endosomal escape ability, and good biosafety and developed an SCP with an unnatural amino acid containing the phenylboronic acid (PBA) group, called PBA-SCP. PBA-SCP is capable of potently delivering proteins with various isoelectric points and molecular sizes into the cytosol of living cells without affecting their bioactivities. Importantly, cytosolically delivered antibodies remain functional and are capable of targeting, labeling, and manipulating diverse intracellular antigens. This study demonstrates an efficient and versatile intracellular protein delivery platform, especially for antibodies, and provides new possibilities for expanding protein-based therapeutics to intracellular "undruggable" targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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34
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Tang L, Li J, Zhao Q, Pan T, Zhong H, Wang W. Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081151. [PMID: 34452113 PMCID: PMC8398618 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of therapeutic agents into nano-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment has received considerable attention in recent years. Advancements in nanotechnology provide an opportunity for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The unique properties of nanoparticles not only allow cancer-specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopting active targeting strategies, but also improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the loaded drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety compared to conventional treatment modalities. Small molecule drugs are the most widely used anticancer agents at present, while biological macromolecules, such as therapeutic antibodies, peptides and genes, have gained increasing attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of novel nano-encapsulation in targeted drug delivery. A comprehensive introduction of intelligent delivery strategies based on various nanocarriers to encapsulate small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and biological macromolecule drugs in cancer treatment will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.T.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.P.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.T.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.P.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.T.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.P.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.T.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.P.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.T.); (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (T.P.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (W.W.)
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35
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Tan G, Li J, Liu D, Pan H, Zhu R, Yang Y, Pan W. Amino acids functionalized dendrimers with nucleus accumulation for efficient gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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36
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Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Duan S, Liu X, Zhou R, Hou M, Sang Y, Zhu R, Yin L. Cytosolic protein delivery via metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click reactions. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4639-4647. [PMID: 34036971 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00548k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic protein delivery holds great potential for the development of protein-based biotechnologies and therapeutics. Currently, cytosolic protein delivery is mainly achieved with the assistance of various carriers. Herein, we present a universal and effective strategy for carrier-free cytosolic protein delivery via metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click reactions. Ac4ManNAz (AAM), an azido-modified N-acetylmannosamine analogue, was first employed to label tumor cell surfaces with abundant azido groups via glycometabolism. Then, proteins including RNase A, cytochrome C (Cyt C), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were covalently modified with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). Based on the highly efficient bioorthogonal click reactions between DBCO and azido, DBCO-modified proteins could be efficiently internalized by azido-labeled cancer cells. RNase A-DBCO could largely maintain its enzymatic activity and, thus, led to notable anti-tumor efficacy in HeLa and B16F10 cells in vitro and in B16F10 xenograft tumors in vivo. This study therefore provides a simple and powerful approach for carrier-free protein delivery and would have broad applicability in anti-tumor protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Xun Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Renxiang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Mengying Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yonghua Sang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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38
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Nanomaterials for Protein Delivery in Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020155. [PMID: 33503889 PMCID: PMC7910976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology platforms, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles have been studied extensively for various drug deliveries, to treat or prevent diseases by modulating physiological or pathological processes. The delivery drug molecules range from traditional small molecules to recently developed biologics, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Among them, proteins have shown a series of advantages and potential in various therapeutic applications, such as introducing therapeutic proteins due to genetic defects, or used as nanocarriers for anticancer agents to decelerate tumor growth or control metastasis. This review discusses the existing nanoparticle delivery systems, introducing design strategies, advantages of using each system, and possible limitations. Moreover, we will examine the intracellular delivery of different protein therapeutics, such as antibodies, antigens, and gene editing proteins into the host cells to achieve anticancer effects and cancer vaccines. Finally, we explore the current applications of protein delivery in anticancer treatments.
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39
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Jiang Y, Dong S, Qin G, Liu L, Zhao H. Oxidation and ATP dual-responsive block copolymer containing tertiary sulfoniums: self-assembly, protein complexation and triggered release. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alkylation of thioether-containing block copolymer simultaneously incorporated sulfoniums and phenylboronic acid moieties. The co-assembly of this cationic polymer and protein generated micelles with an H2O2-and ATP-responsive release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
| | - Shuqi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
| | - Guoyang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
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40
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Lv J, Cheng Y. Fluoropolymers in biomedical applications: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5435-5467. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of fluoropolymers in gene delivery, protein delivery, drug delivery, 19F MRI, PDT, anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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41
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Rescue the retina after the ischemic injury by polymer-mediated intracellular superoxide dismutase delivery. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120600. [PMID: 33360507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of the pathophysiogenesis of retinal ischemia. The direct delivery of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) into retinal cells provides a promising option for the down-regulation of oxidative stress in retinal ischemia, however, efficient intracellular protein delivery remains a major challenge for this application. Here, a boronic acid-rich polymer was used for the intracellular delivery of SOD both in vitro and in vivo. The polymer assembled with SOD into uniform nanoparticles with high binding affinity, and transported the cargo protein into several cell lines with maintained bioactivity and low cytotoxicity. We investigated the intraocular biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy and safety of the SOD nanoformulation in a retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model. After intravitreal injection, the nanoparticles rapidly diffused through the vitreous and penetrated into retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Compared to free SOD, the nanoformulation exhibited much enhanced therapeutic efficacy with reduced RGC apoptosis and protected retinal function. Enzymatic results confirmed that the SOD nanoformulation reduced malondialdehyde expression and increased glutathione level in the ocular tissues, and thereby down-regulated oxidative stress and prevented RGC loss. Overall, this work offers a new therapeutic option for the treatment of retinal ischemic disorders by direct delivery of antioxidant proteins.
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