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Zhao L, Luo J, Wang S, Sun J, Chen H, Wang Y. Electrodeposition of Au Nanowires via Amine Ligand-Induced Active Surface Growth. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:17149-17156. [PMID: 39219455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Amine ligands have been widely applied as morphology-directing reagents in nanostructure synthesis. In this work, we explored the application of the amine ligands in the active surface growth mechanism in place of the strong thiolated ligands. Despite being weaker compared to the thiols, amine ligands such as aniline were also shown to be capable of facilitating the template-less electrodeposition of Au nanowires (NWs) on the substrate via the active surface growth mechanism. Given the close binding difference between the amine-grafted substrate and the ligands, substrate functionalization becomes critically important for effective construction of the active surface and the growth of the nanowires. Additionally, the growth with the amine ligands took place at more positive reduction potentials and is less prone to splitting and bundle formation. A systematic generality study revealed that besides the aromatic amines, long-chain aliphatic amines were also capable of facilitating nanowire growth. Given the weak binding affinity of the amine ligands, the Au NWs are readily accessible for further processing to generate sophisticated one-dimensional structures. As a demonstration, tandem electrodeposition was performed to directly obtain coaxial core-shell Au@Pt NWs with adjustable length, diameter, and shell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lecheng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Shutian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Science, Westlake University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Su A, Zhao L, Liu X, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen H. Shearing-induced formation of Au nanowires. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10164-10171. [PMID: 38966378 PMCID: PMC11220615 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Shearing-induced nucleation is known in our daily lives, yet rarely discussed in nano-synthesis. Here, we demonstrate an unambiguous shearing-induced growth of Au nanowires. While in static solution Au would predominately deposit on pre-synthesized triangular nanoplates to form nano-bowls, the introduction of stirring or shaking gives rise to nanowires, where an initial nucleation could be inferred. Under specific growth conditions, CTAB is responsible for stabilizing the growth materials and the resulting oversaturation promotes shearing-induced nucleation. At the same time, all Au surfaces are passivated by ligands, so that the growth materials are diverted to relatively fresher sites. We propose that the different degrees of "focused growth" in active surface growth could be represented by watersheds of different slopes, so that the subtle differences between neighbouring sites would set course to opposite pathways, with some sites becoming ever more active and others ever more inhibited. The shearing-induced nuclei, with their initially ligand-deficient surface and higher accessibility to growth materials, win the dynamic inter-particle competition against other sites, explaining the dramatic diversion of growth materials from the seeds to the nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University Hangzhou 310030 P. R. China
| | - An Su
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University Hangzhou 310030 P. R. China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Lecheng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University Hangzhou 310030 P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS) and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University Hangzhou 310030 P. R. China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 China
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Xue H, Shi Y, Tian W, Cao M, Cao H, Na Z, Jiang G, Jin Z, Lang MF, Liu Y, Sun J. Silver Nanowires-Based Flexible Gold Electrode Overcoming Interior Impedance of Nanomaterial Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307328. [PMID: 38196157 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the development of nanomaterial electrodes for improved electrocatalytic activity, much attention is paid to the compositions, lattice, and surface morphologies. In this study, a new concept to enhance electrocatalytic activity is proposed by reducing impedance inside nanomaterial electrodes. Gold nanodendrites (AuNDs) are grown along silver nanowires (AgNWs) on flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) support. The AuNDs/AgNWs/PDMS electrode affords an oxidative peak current density of 50 mA cm-2 for ethanol electrooxidation, a value ≈20 times higher than those in the literature do. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrates the significant contribution of the AgNWs to reduce impedance. The peak current densities for ethanol electrooxidation are decreased 7.5-fold when the AgNWs are electrolytically corroded. By in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulation, it is validated that the ethanol electrooxidation favors the production of acetic acid with undetectable CO, resulting in a more complete oxidation and long-term stability, while the AgNWs corrosion greatly decreases acetic acid production. This novel strategy for fabricating nanomaterial electrodes using AgNWs as a charge transfer conduit may stimulate insights into the design of nanomaterial electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xue
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Yacheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenshuai Tian
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Houyong Cao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Zhaolin Na
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Zhengmu Jin
- Dalian Ofei Electronics CO.,LTD., Dalian, Liaoning, 116021, China
| | - Ming-Fei Lang
- Medical College, Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
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Gong S, Lu Y, Yin J, Levin A, Cheng W. Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare. Chem Rev 2024; 124:455-553. [PMID: 38174868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to stay connected to the global Internet due to the lack of soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in the fact that electronics and biology are distinct and incompatible, as they are based on different materials via different functioning principles. In particular, the human body is soft and curvilinear, yet electronics are typically rigid and planar. Recent advances in materials and materials design have generated tremendous opportunities to design soft wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge the gap, enabling the ultimate dream of connected healthcare for anyone, anytime, and anywhere. We begin with a review of the historical development of healthcare, indicating the significant trend of connected healthcare. This is followed by the focal point of discussion about new materials and materials design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. We summarize material types and their attributes for designing soft bioelectronic sensors; we also cover their synthesis and fabrication methods, including top-down, bottom-up, and their combined approaches. Next, we discuss the wearable energy challenges and progress made to date. In addition to front-end wearable devices, we also describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, and software. Afterward, we describe the integration of soft wearable bioelectronic systems which have been applied in various testbeds in real-world settings, including laboratories that are preclinical and clinical environments. Finally, we narrate the remaining challenges and opportunities in conjunction with our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jialiang Yin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arie Levin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Hu F, Tang H, Wu F, Ding P, Zhang P, Sun W, Cai L, Fan B, Zhang R, Sun Z. Sn Whiskers from Ti 2 SnC Max Phase: Bridging Dual-Functionality in Electromagnetic Attenuation. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301476. [PMID: 38183383 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of complex electromagnetic (EM) environments, the demand for EM-attenuating materials with multiple functionalities has grown. 1D metals, known for their high conductivity and ability to form networks that facilitate electron migration, stand out as promising candidates for EM attenuation. Presently, they find primary use in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, but achieving a dual-purpose application for EMI shielding and microwave absorption (MA) remains a challenge. In this context, Sn whiskers derived from the Ti2 SnC MAX phase exhibit exceptional EMI shielding and MA properties. A minimum reflection loss of -44.82 dB is achievable at lower loading ratios, while higher loading ratios yield efficient EMI shielding effectiveness of 42.78 dB. These qualities result from a delicate balance between impedance matching and EM energy attenuation via adjustable conductive networks; and the enhanced interfacial polarization effect at the cylindrical heterogeneous interface between Sn and SnO2 , visually characterized through off-axis electron holography, also contributes to the impressive performance. Considering the compositional diversity of MAX phases and the scalable fabrication approach with environmental friendliness, this study provides a valuable pathway to multifunctional EM attenuating materials based on 1D metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Fushuo Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Pei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Peigen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Longzhu Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - ZhengMing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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Abstract
ConspectusNanosynthesis is the art of creating nanostructures, with on-demand synthesis as the ultimate goal. Noble metal nanoparticles have wide applications, but the available synthetic methods are still limited, often giving nanospheres and symmetrical nanocrystals. The fundamental reason is that the conventional weak ligands are too labile to influence the materials deposition, so the equivalent facets always grow equivalently. Considering that the ligands are the main synthetic handles in colloidal synthesis, our group has been exploring strong ligands for new growth modes, giving a variety of sophisticated nanostructures. The model studies often involve metal deposition on seeds functionalized with a certain strong ligand, so that the uneven distribution of the surface ligands could guide the subsequent deposition.In this Account, we focus on the design principles underlying the new growth modes, summarizing our efforts in this area along with relevant literature works. The basics of ligand control are first revisited. Then, the four major growth modes are summarized as follows: (1) The curvature effects would divert the materials deposition away from the high-curvature tips when the ligands are insufficient. With ligands fully covering the seeds, the sparser ligand packing at the tips would then promote the initial nucleation thereon. (2) The strong ligands may get trapped under the incoming metal layer, thus modulating the interfacial energy of the core-shell interface. The evidence for embedded ligands is discussed, along with examples of Janus nanostructures arising from the synthetic control, including metal-metal, metal-semiconductor, and metal-C60 systems using a variety of ligands. (3) Active surface growth is an unusual mode with divergent growth rates, so that part of the emerging surface is inhibited, and the growth is focused onto a few active sites. With seeds attached to oxide substrates, the selective deposition at the metal-substrate interface produces ultrathin nanowires. The synthesis can be generally applied to grow Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, and hybrid nanowires, with straight, spiral, or helical structures, and even rapid alteration of segments via electrochemical methods. In contrast, active surface growth for colloidal nanoparticles has to be more carefully controlled. The rich growth phenomena are discussed, highlighting the role of strong ligands, the control of deposition rates, the chiral induction, and the evidence for the active sites. (4) An active site with sparse ligands could also be exploited in etching, where the freshly exposed surface would promote further etching. The result is an unusual sharpening etching mode, in contrast to the conventional rounding mode for minimized surface energy.Colloidal nanosynthesis holds great promise for scalable on-demand synthesis, providing the crucial nanomaterials for future explorations. The strong ligands have delivered powerful synthetic controls, which could be further enhanced with in-depth studies on growth mechanisms and synthetic strategies, as well as functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruoxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yuhua Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310023, China
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Yang S, Zheng Y, He G, Zhang M, Li H, Wang Y, Chen H. From flat to deep concave: an unusual mode of facet control. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6128-6131. [PMID: 35506632 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Au particles with rhombic dodecahedron outlines and deep cavities are obtained by epitaxial growth from a triangular nanoplate. An unusual "wrapping" growth that combines ligand-promoted facet-selective growth and site-specific deposition is proposed. Such a templateless growth not only allows the extreme defect-tolerance, but also broadens the synthetic control at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yonglong Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Guangyu He
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Guo C, Liu Z, Han K, Zhang L, Ding X, Wang X, Mai L. Nano-Sized Niobium Tungsten Oxide Anode for Advanced Fast-Charge Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107365. [PMID: 35106930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The further demand for electric vehicles and smart grids prompts that the comprehensive function of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been improved greatly. However, due to sluggish Li+ diffusion rate, thermal runway and volume expansion, the commercial graphite as an important part of LIBs is not suitable for fast-charging. Herein, nano-sized Nb14 W3 O44 blocks are effectively synthesized as a fast-charge anode material. The nano-sized structure provides shorter Li+ diffusion pathway in the solid phase than micro-sized materials by several orders of magnitude, corresponding to accelerating the Li+ diffusion rate, which is beneficial for fast-charge characteristics. Consequently, Nb14 W3 O44 displays excellent long-term cycling life (135 mAh g-1 over 1000 cycles at 10 C) and rate capability at ultra-high current density (≈103.9 mAh g-1 , 100 C) in half-cells. In situ X-ray diffraction and Raman combined with scanning electron microscopy clearly confirms the stability of crystal and microstructure. Furthermore, the fabricated Nb14 W3 O44 ||LiFePO4 full cells exhibit a remarkable power density and demonstrate a reversible specific capacity. The pouch cell delivers long cycling life (the capacity retention is as high as 96.6% at 10 C after 5000 cycles) and high-safety performance. Therefore, nano-sized Nb14 W3 O44 could be recognized as a promising fast-charge anode toward next-generation practical LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xuanpeng Wang
- Department of Physical Science & Technology, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
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