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Sadique Hussain M, Gupta G, Ghaboura N, Moglad E, Hassan Almalki W, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Ali H, MacLoughlin R, Loebenberg R, Davies NM, Kumar Singh S, Dua K. Exosomal ncRNAs in liquid biopsies for lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 565:119983. [PMID: 39368685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become essential contributors to advancing and treating lung cancers (LCs). The development of liquid biopsies that utilize exosomal ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) offers an encouraging method for diagnosing, predicting, and treating LC. This thorough overview examines the dual function of exo-ncRNAs as both indicators for early diagnosis and avenues for LC treatment. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by various cells, including cancerous cells, enabling connection between cells by delivering ncRNAs. These ncRNAs, which encompass circular RNAs, long ncRNAs, and microRNAs, participate in the modulation of gene expression and cellular functions. In LC, certain exo-ncRNAs are linked to tumour advancement, spread, and treatment resistance, positioning them as promising non-invasive indicators in liquid biopsies. Additionally, targeting these ncRNAs offers potential for innovative treatment approaches, whether by suppressing harmful ncRNAs or reinstating the activity of tumour-suppressing ones. This review emphasizes recent developments in the extraction and analysis of exo-ncRNAs, their practical applications in LC treatment, and the challenges and prospects for translating these discoveries into clinical usage. Through this detailed examination of the current state of the art, we aim to highlight the significant potential of exo-ncRNAs for LC diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Division of Translational Health Research, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Leinster D02 PN40, Ireland; Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, H91HE94, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G2N8, Canada
| | - Neal M Davies
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G2N8, Canada
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box: 123, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Wu N, Wong KY, Yu X, Zhao JW, Zhang XY, Wang JH, Yang T. Multispectral 3D DNA Machine Combined with Multimodal Machine Learning for Noninvasive Precise Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10046-10055. [PMID: 38845359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) molecular phenotyping offers enormous opportunities for cancer diagnostics. However, the majority of the associated studies adopted biomarker-based unimodal analysis to achieve cancer diagnosis, which has high false positives and low precision. Herein, we report a multimodal platform for the high-precision diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa) through a multispectral 3D DNA machine in combination with a multimodal machine learning (ML) algorithm. The DNA machine was constructed using magnetic microparticles (MNPs) functionalized with aptamers that specifically identify the target of interest, i.e., five protein markers on bladder-cancer-derived urinary EVs (uEVs). The aptamers were hybridized with DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs) and a G-quadruplex/hemin complex to form a sensing module. Such a DNA machine ensured multispectral detection of protein markers by fluorescence (FL), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and UV-vis absorption (Abs). The obtained data sets then underwent uni- or multimodal ML for BCa diagnosis to compare the analytical performance. In this study, urine samples were obtained from our prospective cohort (n = 45). Our analytical results showed that the 3D DNA machine provided a detection limit of 9.2 × 103 particles mL-1 with a linear range of 4 × 104 to 5 × 107 particles mL-1 for uEVs. Moreover, the multimodal data fusion model exhibited an accuracy of 95.0%, a precision of 93.1%, and a recall rate of 93.2% on average, while those of the three types of unimodal models were no more than 91%. The elevated diagnosis precision by using the present fusion platform offers a perspective approach to diminishing the rate of misdiagnosis and overtreatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Xin Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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Chen S, Xu C, Zhu X, Li Z, Bie H, Yang Y, Yu J, Yang Y, Huang H. Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence combined with aptamer sensor based on Ag nanocubes for signal-amplified detection of berberine hydrochloride. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342579. [PMID: 38637044 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Plasmon enhanced fluorescent (PEF) with more "hot spots" play a critical role in signal amplified technology to avoid the intrinsic limitation of fluorophore which ascribed to a strong electromagnetic field at the tip structure. However, application of PEF technique to obtain a highly sensitive analysis of medicine was still at a very early stage. Herein, a simple but versatile Ag nanocubes (Agcubes)-based PEF sensor combined with aptamer (Agcubes@SiO2-QDs-Apt) was proposed for highly sensitive detection of berberine hydrochloride (BH). The distance between the plasma Agcubes and the red-emitted CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were regulated by the thickness of silica spacer. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulation further revealed that Agcubes have a higher electromagnetic field than Ag nanospheres. Compared with PEF sensor, signal QDs-modified aptamer without Agcubes (QDs-Apt) showed a 10-fold higher detection limit. The linear range and detection limit of the Agcubes@SiO2-QDs-Apt were 0.1-100 μM, 87.3 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the PEF sensor was applied to analysis BH in the berberine hydrochloride tablets, compound berberine tablet and urine with good recoveries of 98.25-102.05%. These results demonstrated that the prepared PEF sensor has great potential for drug quality control and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chenye Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xingzhen Zhu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Haoran Bie
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jingtian Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Jian M, Sun X, Zhang H, Li X, Li S, Wang Z. Development of a peptide microarray-based metal-enhanced fluorescence assay for ultrasensitive detection of multiple matrix metalloproteinase activities by using a gold nanorod-polymer substrate. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115871. [PMID: 38035516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are attractive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment, while it is still a challenge to precise analysis of MMP activities owing to their very low abundance in the biological samples, especially at the early stages of tumors. Herein, a peptide microarray-based metal-enhanced fluorescence assay (PMMEFA) is proposed to simultaneously detect MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13 activities. The assay involves immobilization of Förster resonance energy transfer dye pair decorated peptides (FRET-peptides) on a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) coated gold nanorod modified glass slide (GNR@P(GMA-HEMA)). To fabricate the GNR@P(GMA-HEMA) slide, GNRs are self-assembled onto an aminated glass slide, and a polymer brush (P(GMA-HEMA)) is grown through a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization reaction (SI-ATRP). Upon the addition of MMPs, the FRET pairs are broken due to the specific cleavage of FRET-peptides by enzymes, resulting in the recovery of fluorescence signals and further enhancement by the MEF of GNRs. The fluorescence recovery degree provides a direct indicator for MMP activity. The PMMEFA exhibits excellent sensitivity, which enables to detect MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, and -13 activities, with low limits of detection (LODs) of 1.7 fg mL-1, 0.3 fg mL-1, 2.0 fg mL-1, 1.8 fg mL-1, 2.2 fg mL-1 and 14.0 fg mL-1, respectively. To substantiate the practicability of PMMEFA, MMP activities were measured in a range of matrices, encompassing cell culture medium, serum, and tumor tissue homogenate, and MMP activities can be detected only in 0.15 μL serum and 0.025 mg tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Xudong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
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Su X, Xie Y, Liu X, Chen M, Zheng C, Zhong H, Li M. Absolute Quantification of Serum Exosomes in Patients with an SERS-Lateral Flow Strip Biosensor for Noninvasive Clinical Cancer Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37130-37142. [PMID: 37525365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (exos) widely existing in body fluids show great potential for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. Quantitative analysis of exos is traditionally performed by targeting specific exosomal surface proteins, but it is often imprecise due to the common expression of exosomal proteins and subtle expression differences between different cancer subtypes. Herein, we report quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of serum exos through a combination of a paper-based lateral flow strip (LFS) biosensor with multivariate spectral unmixing analysis rather than simply quantifying exosomal proteins. Our SERS-LFS biosensor enables absolute quantification of two different serum exos with a limit of detection down to ∼106 particles/mL for both exos. We further exemplify the application of this strategy in quantitative dual-plex detection of serum exos from breast cancer patients. We find that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ (HER2+) and luminal A breast cancer patients undergoing no surgery are enriched in serum exos derived from SKBR-3 cells and MCF-7 cells (denoted as SKBR and MCF exos), respectively. The surgical treatment of these breast cancer patients accompanies an obvious decrease of either SKBR or MCF exos in the serum. These results suggest the great potential of the combination of the SERS-LFS biosensor and multivariate spectral unmixing for breast cancer subtyping and therapeutic surveillance with the powerful quantitative capability of exos in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yangcenzi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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Hong C, Yang S, Ndukaife JC. Exosomes trapping, manipulation and size-based separation using opto-thermo-electrohydrodynamic tweezers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2973-2978. [PMID: 37260502 PMCID: PMC10228344 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the heterogeneity of exosomes in size and biomolecular composition, there is a need for new approaches for trapping, manipulating, and sorting of single exosomes in solution. Due to their small size ranging from 30 nm to 150 nm and their relatively low refractive index, their stable trapping using optical tweezers has been met with challenges. Trapping exosomes in an optical trap requires nearly 100 mW of input power, which predisposes them to photo-induced damage and membrane rupture at the laser focus. Here, we report a high stability opto-thermo-electrohydrodynamic tweezer for the stable stand-off trapping of single exosomes based on a concentric nanohole array (CNA) using laser illumination and an a.c. field. The CNA system generates two regions of electrohydrodynamic potentials several microns away from the laser focus where single exosomes are trapped. We demonstrate the rapid trapping within seconds, and selective dynamic manipulation of exosomes based on size using only 4.2 mW of input laser power. The proposed platform opens up a promising approach for stabilizing single exosomes in solution and controlling their distribution based on size without the risk of photo-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchuan Hong
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
| | - Sen Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
| | - Justus C Ndukaife
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
- Interdisciplinary Material Science, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37212 USA
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Huang R, Xu Y, Du J, Guan Q, Cai X, Li F, Wang J, Chen W. A fluorescent sensor based on the cascade signal amplification strategy for ultra-sensitive detection of Cu 2. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1806-1812. [PMID: 36602100 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element in the human body, participating in various physiological activities in the bodies of organisms. However, an excessive load of Cu2+ is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and prion diseases, also identified as a symptom of Wilson's disease (WD). A straightforward, rapid, sensitive, and specific copper sensor is highly required but remains a challenge. In this study, guided by the simulation, we developed a chemical sensor using a cascade signal amplification strategy based on the Cu-catalyzed click reaction, combined with a fluorescence-enhanced substrate with gold nanorods coupled with silver nanoislands. The sensor can selectively detect Cu2+ as low as 3.87 nM within 10 min. We have demonstrated that this method can be directly employed for WD diagnosis in urine samples. In addition, using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) as an example, we verify whether this assay can be adapted to other targets where Cu is designed as an indirect indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Huang
- Medical Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, the 6th Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518052, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Jihui Du
- Medical Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, the 6th Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518052, P. R. China.
| | - Qiong Guan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Jidong Wang
- Medical Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, the 6th Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518052, P. R. China.
| | - Wenwen Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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Gao J, Li A, Hu J, Feng L, Liu L, Shen Z. Recent developments in isolating methods for exosomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1100892. [PMID: 36714629 PMCID: PMC9879965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles that can be released by practically all cell types, and range in size from 30 nm to 150 nm. As the major marker of liquid biopsies, exosomes have great potential for disease diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. However, their inherent heterogeneity, the complexity of biological fluids, and the presence of nanoscale contaminants make the isolation of exosomes a great challenge. Traditional isolation methods of exosomes are cumbersome and challenging with complex and time-consuming operations. In recent years, the emergence of microfluidic chips, nanolithography, electro-deposition, and other technologies has promoted the combination and innovation of the isolation methods. The application of these methods has brought very considerable benefits to the isolation of exosomes such as ultra-fast, portable integration, and low loss. There are significant functional improvements in isolation yield, isolation purity, and clinical applications. In this review, a series of methods for the isolation of exosomes are summarized, with emphasis on the emerging methods, and in-depth comparison and analysis of each method are provided, including their principles, merits, and demerits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liu Liu
- *Correspondence: Zuojun Shen, ; Liu Liu,
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Tang Q, Xiao X, Li R, He H, Li S, Ma C. Recent Advances in Detection for Breast-Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196673. [PMID: 36235208 PMCID: PMC9571663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, its incidence is secret, and more than half of the patients are diagnosed in the middle and advanced stages, so it is necessary to develop simple and efficient detection methods for breast cancer diagnosis to improve the survival rate and quality of life of breast cancer patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by all kinds of living cells, and play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, as biomarkers, are an important part of breast cancer fluid biopsy and have become ideal targets for the early diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, and clinical treatment of breast cancer. In this paper, several traditional exosome detection methods, including differential centrifugation and immunoaffinity capture, were summarized, focusing on the latest research progress in breast cancer exosome detection. It was summarized from the aspects of optics, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and other aspects. This review is expected to provide valuable guidance for exosome detection of clinical breast cancer and the establishment of more reliable, efficient, simple and innovative methods for exosome detection of breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xinying Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ranhao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shanni Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Changbei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.M.)
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10
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Exosomes as Crucial Players in Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8286498. [PMID: 35910853 PMCID: PMC9328965 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8286498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems. Its clinical manifestation varies across patients, from skin mucosa to multiorgan damage to severe central nervous system involvement. The exosome has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including SLE. We review the recent knowledge of exosomes, including their biology, functions, mechanism, and standardized extraction and purification methods in SLE, to highlight potential therapeutic targets for SLE.
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Zhang Y, Fan J, Zhao J, Xu Z. A biochip based on shell-isolated Au@MnO2 nanoparticle array-enhanced fluorescence effect for simple and sensitive exosome assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hu W, Chang Y, Huang J, Chai Y, Yuan R. Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure with Multiple Target-Recognition Domains for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Mucin 1. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6860-6865. [PMID: 35477261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) designed with multiple biomolecular recognition domains (m-TDN) was assembled to construct an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for the quantitative detection of tumor-associated mucin 1 (MUC-1) protein. This new nanostructure not only effectively increased the capture efficiency of target proteins compared to the traditional TDN with a single recognition domain but also enhanced the sensitivity of the constructed electrochemical biosensors. Once the target MUC-1 was captured by the protein aptamers, the ferrocene-marked DNA strands as electrochemical signal probes at the vertices of m-TDN would be released away from the electrode surface, causing significant reduction of the electrochemical signal, thereby enhancing significantly the detection sensitivity. As a result, this well-designed biosensor achieved ultrasensitive detection of the biomolecule at a linear range from 1 fg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1, with the limit of detection down to 0.31 fg mL-1. This strategy provides a new approach to enhance the detection sensitivity for the diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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13
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Functionalized nanomaterials in separation and analysis of extracellular vesicles and their contents. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Lee J, Lee JH, Chakraborty K, Hwang J, Lee YK. Exosome-based drug delivery systems and their therapeutic applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18475-18492. [PMID: 35799926 PMCID: PMC9218984 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02351b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, scientists have actively worked on developing effective drug delivery systems (DDSs) as means to control life-threatening diseases and challenging illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Lee
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Heon Lee
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Kushal Chakraborty
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chung-Buk 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwang
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
- Department of Aeronautical & Mechanical Design Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chung-Buk 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute (National Key Technology Institute in University), Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chung-Buk, 27909, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Chung-Buk 27469, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ding L, Liu LE, He L, Effah CY, Yang R, Ouyang D, Jian N, Liu X, Wu Y, Qu L. Magnetic-Nanowaxberry-Based Simultaneous Detection of Exosome and Exosomal Proteins for the Intelligent Diagnosis of Cancer. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15200-15208. [PMID: 34723514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosome concentration and exosomal proteins are regarded as promising cancer biomarkers. Herein, a waxberry-like magnetic bead (magnetic-nanowaxberry) which has huge surface area and strong affinity was synthesized to couple with aptamer for exosome capture and recovery. Subsequently, we developed a fluorescent assay for the sensitive, accurate, and simultaneous quantification of exosome and cancer-related exosomal proteins [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)] by using triple-colored probes to recognize EGFR and EpCAM or spontaneously anchor to the lipid bilayer. In this design, the interference of soluble proteins can be avoided due to the dual recognition strategy. Moreover, the lipid-based quantification of exosome concentration can improve the accuracy. Besides, the simultaneous detection mode can save samples and simplify the operation steps. Consequently, the assay shows high sensitivity (the limits of detection are down to 0.96 pg/mL for EGFR, 0.19 pg/mL for EpCAM, and 2.4 × 104 particles/μL for exosome), high specificity, and satisfactory accuracy. More importantly, this technique is successfully used to analyze exosomes in plasma to distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals. To improve the diagnostic efficacy, the deep learning was used to exploit the potential pattern hidden in data obtained by the proposed method. Also, the accuracy for the intelligent diagnosis of cancer can achieve 96.0%. This study provides a new avenue for developing new biosensors for exosome analysis and intelligent disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-E Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Leiliang He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Clement Yaw Effah
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruiying Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongxun Ouyang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ningge Jian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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16
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Exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:355-364. [PMID: 34666030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with a unique geographical distribution, primarily prevalent in East Africa and Asia. Although there is an increased understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors of NPC, prevention and treatment efforts remain limited. Various studies have indicated that exosomes are actively involved in NPC by delivering biomolecules such as non-coding RNAs and proteins to target cells. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of exosomes in NPC and highlight their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers. In NPC, exosomes can manipulate the tumor microenvironment, participate in chemotherapy and radiation resistance, induce immune suppression, promote pathological angiogenesis, and support metastasis, and thus they could also be promising biomarkers. Because exosomes have essential effects and unusual biological properties, they have a promising future in diagnostic monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Although there are technical issues associated with using exosomes in large-scale applications, they have unparalleled advantages in assisting the clinical management of NPC.
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17
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Khan NU, Lin J, Younas MR, Liu X, Shen L. Synthesis of gold nanorods and their performance in the field of cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer is one of the most common incident in the world, with malignant tumors having a death rate of up to 19%. A new method of treating cancer cells effectively with minimal cytotoxicity is needed. In the field of biomedicine with unique shape-dependent optical properties, gold nanorods (GNRs) have attracted worldwide interest. These nanorods have two distinct plasmon bands. One is transverse plasmon band in the area of visible light, and the other is longitudinal band of plasmons in near infrared region. These specific characters provide promise for the design of new optically active reagents that simultaneously perform light-mediated imaging and photothermal cancer treatment. We begin our review by summarizing the latest developments in gold nanorods synthesis with a focus on seed-mediated growth method. Nanorods spontaneous self-assembly, polymer-based alignment and its applications as a novel agent for simultaneous bioimaging and photothermal cancer therapy are listed in particular.
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