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Hua Y, Qin Z, Gao L, Zhou M, Xue Y, Li Y, Xie J. Protein nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for cancer theranostics. J Control Release 2024; 371:429-444. [PMID: 38849096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based nanoparticles have garnered significant attention in theranostic applications due to their superior biocompatibility, exceptional biodegradability and ease of functionality. Compared to other nanocarriers, protein-based nanoparticles offer additional advantages, including biofunctionality and precise molecular recognition abilities, which make them highly effective in navigating complex biological environments. Moreover, proteins can serve as powerful tools with self-assembling structures and reagents that enhance cell penetration. And their derivation from abundant renewable sources and ability to degrade into harmless amino acids further enhance their suitability for biomedical applications. However, protein-based nanoparticles have so far not realized their full potential. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of protein nanoparticles in tumor diagnosis and treatment and outline typical methods for preparing protein nanoparticles. The review of protein nanoparticles may provide useful new insights into the development of biomaterial fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hua
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zibo Qin
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yonger Xue
- Center for BioDelivery Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education; Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Dong E, Huo Q, Zhang J, Han H, Cai T, Liu D. Advancements in nanoscale delivery systems: optimizing intermolecular interactions for superior drug encapsulation and precision release. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01579-w. [PMID: 38573495 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale preparations, such as nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, are increasingly recognized in pharmaceutical technology for their high capability in tailoring the pharmacokinetics of the encapsulated drug within the body. These preparations have great potential in extending drug half-life, reducing dosing frequency, mitigating drug side effects, and enhancing drug efficacy. Consequently, nanoscale preparations offer promising prospects for the treatment of metabolic disorders, malignant tumors, and various chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the complete clinical potential of nanoscale preparations remains untapped due to the challenges associated with low drug loading degrees and insufficient control over drug release. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the vital role of intermolecular interactions in enhancing encapsulation and controlling drug release within nanoscale delivery systems. Our analysis critically evaluates the characteristics of common intermolecular interactions and elucidates the techniques employed to assess them. Moreover, we highlight the significant potential of intermolecular interactions in clinical translation, particularly in the screening and optimization of preparation prescriptions. By attaining a deeper understanding of intermolecular interaction properties and mechanisms, we can adopt a more rational approach to designing drug carriers, leading to substantial advancements in the application and clinical transformation of nanoscale preparations. Moving forward, continued research in this field offers exciting prospects for unlocking the full clinical potential of nanoscale preparations and revolutionizing the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanghang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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3
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Feng G, Li C, Zhou J, Du C, Bai Y, Hu S, Huang T, Wang G, Quan P, Hirvonen J, Fan J, Santos HA, Liu D. Controlled Interfacial Polymer Self-Assembly Coordinates Ultrahigh Drug Loading and Zero-Order Release in Particles Prepared under Continuous Flow. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211254. [PMID: 36802103 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles are successfully engineered through controlled interfacial self-assembly of polymers to harmonize ultrahigh drug loading with zero-order release of protein payloads. To address their poor miscibility with carrier materials, protein molecules are transformed into nanoparticles, whose surfaces are covered with polymer molecules. This polymer layer hinders the transfer of cargo nanoparticles from oil to water, achieving superior encapsulation efficiency (up to 99.9%). To control payload release, the polymer density at the oil-water interface is enhanced, forming a compact shell for microparticles. The resultant microparticles can harvest up to 49.9% mass fraction of proteins with zero-order release kinetics in vivo, enabling an efficient glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Moreover, the precise control of engineering process offered through continuous flow results in high batch-to-batch reproducibility and, ultimately, excellent scale-up feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Yingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guobing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuancheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tianhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing, 401135, China
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Huo Q, Zhou J, Tang H, Wu W, Hu S, Dong E, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Bai Y, Liu D. Nanoparticle surface decoration mediated efficient protein and peptide co-encapsulation with precise ratiometric control for self-regulated drug release. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5063-5073. [PMID: 36807439 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accuratly controlling drug release from a smart "self-regulated" drug delivery system is still an ongoing challenge. Herein, we developed a surface decoration strategy to achieve an efficient drug encapsulation with precise ratiometric control. Thanks to the surface decoration with cationic carrier materials by electrostatic attraction, the surface properties of different protein and peptide nanoparticles were uniformed to those adsorbed carrier materials. These carrier materials endowed protein and peptide nanoparticles with good dispersity in the oil phase and significantly inhibited the drug transfer from oil to water. With uniform surface properties, we realized the co-encapsulation of multiple types of proteins and peptides with precise ratiometric control. The encapsulation efficiency was higher than 87.8% for insulin. After solidification, the adsorbed materials on the surface of nanoparticles formed a solid protection layer, which prolonged the mean residence time of insulin from 3.3 ± 0.1 h (for insulin solution) to 47.5 ± 1.3 h. In type 1 diabetes, the spermine-modified acetalated dextran microparticle co-loaded with insulin, glucose oxidase and catalase maintained the blood glucose level within the normal range for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Enpeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuancheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Huo Q, Gao Y, Wu W, Hu S, Zhang Z, Li Z, Tian Y, Quan P, Li W, Liu D. Colloidal Jamming by Interfacial Self‐Assembled Polymers: A Robust Route for Ultrahigh Efficient Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yuling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
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Zhang X, Xiong W, Kong G, Zhen Y, Zeng Q, Wang S, Chen S, Gu J, Li C, Guo K. Paclitaxel-incorporated nanoparticles improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:957433. [PMID: 36016549 PMCID: PMC9397142 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.957433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a worldwide medical problem, spinal cord injury has no clear and effective treatment to improve its prognosis. Hence, new treatment strategies for spinal cord injury with good therapeutic efficacy have been actively pursued. As a new drug loading system, acetal dextran nanoparticles (SAD) have good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, we designed spermine-functionalized acetal-dextran (SAD) nanoparticles and encapsulated paclitaxel (PCL) into them. This design can ensure the sustained release of paclitaxel in the injured area for 4 days and promote the extension of nerve processes in vitro. In our experiment, we found that paclitaxel-loaded SAD nanoparticles (PCL@SAD) decreased the level of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the rat spinal cord injury model, which reduced the scar repair of the injured site and changed the inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury. This reveals that PCL@SAD can effectively protect the injured spinal cord and ultimately improve the functional recovery of the injured spinal cord. One single injection of PCL@SAD shows better therapeutic effect than that of PCL. This study opens an exciting perspective toward the application of neuroprotective PCL@SAD for the treatment of severe neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Kong
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yushan Zhen
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijin Guo
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Huo Q, Gao Y, Wu W, Hu S, Zhang Z, Li Z, Tian Y, Quan P, Li W, Liu D. Colloidal Jamming by Interfacial Self‐Assembled Polymers: A Robust Route for Ultrahigh Efficient Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huo
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Yue Gao
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Wenbo Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Shuai Hu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 210009 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Zifan Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 210009 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Zhi Li
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Yuling Tian
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Peng Quan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Wenhua Road No. 103 110016 Shenyang CHINA
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai University School of Materials Science and Engineering Shangda Street 99 200444 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Dongfei Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
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