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Luo Z, Li D, Le X, He T, Shao S, Lv Q, Liu Z, Lee C, Wu T. Ultra-compact and high-performance suspended aluminum scandium nitride Lamb wave humidity sensor with a graphene oxide layer. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10230-10238. [PMID: 38629471 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology holds great significance for developing compact and high-performance humidity sensors in human healthcare, and the Internet of Things. However, several drawbacks of the current MEMS humidity sensors limit their applications, including their long response time, low sensitivity, relatively large sensing area, and incompatibility with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. To address these problems, a suspended aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) Lamb wave humidity sensor utilizing a graphene oxide (GO) layer is firstly designed and fabricated. The theoretical and experimental results both show that the AlScN Lamb wave humidity sensor exhibits high sensing performance. The mass loading sensitivity of the sensor is one order higher than that of the normal surface acoustic wave (SAW) humidity sensor based on an aluminum nitride (AlN) film; thus the AlScN Lamb wave humidity sensor achieves high sensitivity (∼41.2 ppm per % RH) with only an 80 nm-thick GO film. In particular, the as-prepared suspended AlScN Lamb wave sensors are able to respond to the wide relative humidity (0-80% RH) change in 2 s, and the device size is ultra-compact (260 μm × 72 μm). Moreover, the sensor has an excellent linear response in the 0-80% RH range, great repeatability and long-term stability. Therefore, this work brings opportunities for the development of ultra-compact and high-performance humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Luo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, ShanghaiTech University, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuai Shao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, ShanghaiTech University, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qiaoya Lv
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy Efficient and Custom AI IC, ShanghaiTech University, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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2
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Li X, Xiao S, Lao Y, Li D, Wei Q, Ye L, Lu S. A nanocellulose-based flexible multilayer sensor with high sensitivity to humidity and strain response for detecting human motion and respiration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131004. [PMID: 38521327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Biomass-based flexible sensors with excellent mechanical and sensing properties have attracted significant attention. In this study, based on the excellent dispersibility and degradability of nanocellulose crystals, we designed a polyvinyl alcohol/nanocellulose crystals/phytic acid (PCP) composite film with good flexibility and high sensitivity to humidity. A layer of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanocellulose crystals (CNC) was further sandwiched between two PCP layers as a flexible multifunctional sensor (PCPW) to detect human movement and respiration. Phytic acid contains abundant phosphate groups that enhance proton conduction, allowing the PCPW composite film to change its electrical resistance in a sensitive and repeatable manner when the relative humidity was varied between 35 %-93 %. Meanwhile, CNC derived from sisal fibers enhanced the PCPW sensor's conductivity (3.3 S/m) and mechanical properties (elongation at break: 99 %) by improving the dispersion and connectivity of MWCNT. The PCPW sensor displayed a high sensitivity to strain (gauge factor: 49.5) and could monitor both facial expressions (smiling and winking) and the bending of joints. The sensor also generated stable electrical responses during breathing and blowing due to the change in humidity. Therefore, this biodegradable and multifunctional sensor has good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Suijun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yufei Lao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liangdong Ye
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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Lao Y, Xiao S, Liu H, Li D, Wei Q, Li Z, Lu S. Biodegradable ion-conductive polyvinyl alcohol/okra polysaccharide composite films for fast-response respiratory monitoring sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126476. [PMID: 37625760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and okra polysaccharide (OP) are biodegradable polymers with high hydrophilicity and good biocompatibility with potential for use as flexible humidity-sensitive materials. Herein, biodegradable flexible composite films (named POP films) were prepared from PVA, OP, and phytic acid using a solution-casting method based on. POP films exhibited excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, flame retardancy, water resistance, humidity response, and humidity-sensing characteristics. Notably, the POP humidity sensors exhibited a hysteresis value of 1.88 % relative humidity for the adsorption and desorption processes and good sensitivity over a wide humidity range of 35-95 %. In addition, the humidity sensor distinguished the frequency of nose breathing, and its response and recovery times were 0.9 and 1.98 s, respectively. The excellent performance of POP sensors in monitoring humidity and human respiratory rates demonstrates the sensor's potential for wearable smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Lao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Suijun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal & Materials, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Zhang R, Tao Y. Conductive, water-retaining and knittable hydrogel fiber from xanthan gum and aniline tetramer modified-polysaccharide for strain and pressure sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121300. [PMID: 37739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we explored strategies for defoaming and controllable adjustment of spinnable and mechanical properties of polyanion polysaccharide-based hydrogels to fabricate conductive, water-retaining, and knittable hydrogel fibers for next-generation flexible electronics. Xanthan gum (XG) and aniline tetramer modified-polysaccharide (TMAT38) were crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and subsequently by Fe3+/Fe2+ ions coordination to prepare conductive and spinnable hydrogels. Polypropylene glycol was introduced as chemical antifoam, and solvent displacement method was adopted to improve mechanical and water-retaining properties. The glycerol-immersed XG5-TMAT38-STMP-Fe3+/CA-PPG hydrogel exhibited conductivity of 3.55×10-3-27.30×10-3 S/cm, storage modulus at linear viscoelastic region of 573 Pa-1717 Pa and self-healing percentage of 100 %-108 %. The 2 h glycerol-immersed hydrogel fibers with good flexibility, moisture retention and freezing tolerance were ready to bend and knit into fabrics. The hydrogel fiber braid possessed better conductivity, reliability and durability than the single hydrogel fiber as strain sensors. The hydrogel fiber fabric perceived tiny vibration triggered by swallowing, speaking and writing with good sensitivity and reproducibility. Furthermore, a three-component model was developed to evaluate response sensitivity and recoverability of the hydrogel fiber fabric-based pressure sensors, which facilitated understanding transient response of polymer-based hydrogel strain and pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Ruquan Zhang
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Wuhan Textile University, 430200 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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5
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Guo P, Tian B, Liang J, Yang X, Tang G, Li Q, Liu Q, Zheng K, Chen X, Wu W. An All-Printed, Fast-Response Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Hexagonal-WO 3 Nanowires for Multifunctional Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304420. [PMID: 37358069 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of printing techniques for the development of high-performance humidity sensors holds immense significance for various applications in the fields of the Internet of Things, agriculture, human healthcare, and storage environments. However, the long response time and low sensitivity of current printed humidity sensors limit their practical applications. Herein, a series of high-sensing-performance flexible resistive-type humidity sensors is fabricated by the screen-printing method, and hexagonal tungsten oxide (h-WO3 ) is employed as the humidity-sensing material due to its low cost, strong chemical adsorption ability, and excellent humidity-sensing ability. The as-prepared printed sensors exhibit high sensitivity, good repeatability, outstanding flexibility, low hysteresis, and fast response (1.5 s) in a wide relative humidity (RH) range (11-95% RH). Furthermore, the sensitivity of humidity sensors can be easily adjusted by altering the manufacturing parameters of the sensing layer and interdigital electrode to meet the diverse requirements of specific applications. The printed flexible humidity sensors possess immense potential in various applications, including wearable devices, non-contact measurements, and packaging opening state monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwang Guo
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Yang
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Tang
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Quancai Li
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, Research Center for Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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6
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Han X, Lu T, Zhang Z, Wang H, Lu S. Tremella polysaccharide-based conductive hydrogel with anti-freezing and self-healing ability for motion monitoring and intelligent interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125987. [PMID: 37516220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable devices has garnered significant attention. In this study, a self-healing, anti-freezing, and fire-resistant hydrogel strain sensor is successfully synthesized by incorporating sustainable natural biological materials, viz. Tremella polysaccharide and silk fiber, into a polyvinyl alcohol matrix with borax cross-linking. The resulting hydrogel exhibits excellent transparency, thermoplasticity, and remarkable mechanical properties, including a notable elongation (1107.3 %) and high self-healing rate (91.11 %) within 5 min, attributed to the dynamic cross-linking effect of hydrogen bonds and borax. A strain sensor based on the prepared hydrogel sensor can be used to accurately monitor diverse human movements, while maintaining exceptional sensing stability and durability under repeated strain cycles. Additionally, a hydrogel touch component is designed that can successfully interact with intelligent electronic devices, encompassing functions like clicking, writing, and drawing. These inherent advantages make the prepared hydrogel a promising candidate for applications in human health monitoring and intelligent electronic device interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Han
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Tianyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China
| | - Zuocai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Chen G, Zhao Y, Li M, Zhang N, Wen J, Zhou N, Li S, Mao H, Huang C. Wafer-Level, High-Performance, Flexible Sensors Based on Organic Nanoforests for Human-Machine Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37307295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flexible sensors are essential for real-time information analysis and constructing noncontact communication modules for emerging human-machine interactions. In these applications, batch fabrication of sensors that exhibit high performance at the wafer level is in high demand. Here, we present organic nanoforest-based humidity sensor (NFHS) arrays on a 6 in. flexible substrate prepared via a facile, cost-effective manufacturing approach. Such an NFHS achieves state-of-the-art overall performance: high sensitivity and fast recovery time; the best properties are at a small device footprint. The high sensitivity (8.84 pF/% RH) and fast response time (5 s) of the as-fabricated organic nanoforests are attributed to the abundant hydrophilic groups, the ultra-large surface area with a huge number of nanopores, and the vertically distributed structures beneficial to the transfer of molecules up and down. The NFHS also exhibits excellent long-term stability (90 days), superior mechanical flexibility, and good performance repeatability after bending. With these superiorities, the NFHS is further applied as a smart noncontact switch, and the NFHS array is used as the motion trajectory tracker. The wafer-level batch fabrication capability of our NFHS provides a potential strategy for developing practical applications of such humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guidong Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhou
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaojuan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Highly stretchable, self-healing, and degradable ionic conductive cellulose hydrogel for human motion monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1530-1538. [PMID: 36402382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing biomass-based conductive hydrogels are applied as flexible strain sensors for wearable devices and human movement monitoring. Cellulose is the most abundant biomass-based materials and exhibits excellent toughness, dispersion and degradability. In this paper, nanocellulose crystals (NCCs) prepared from sisal, used as reinforcing fillers were coated with tannic acid (TA) to prepare inexpensive bio-nanocomposite hydrogels that also included polyvinyl alcohol, okra polysaccharide (OP), and borax. These hydrogels exhibit excellent self-healing and mechanical properties with the maximum elongation, toughness, and self-healing efficiency (9 min) of 1426.2 %, 264.4 kJ/m3, and 62.1 %, respectively. A fabricated hydrogel strain sensor was successfully used to detect and monitor various human movements such as wrist bending, elbow bending, and slight changes in facial expression. In addition, this sensor possessed excellent durability and good working stability after repeated circulation. The nanocomposite hydrogel synthesized in this work utilized natural polysaccharide to manufacture flexible functional materials with good application prospects in the field of flexible sensors.
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Yang L, Zhang L, Sun D. Harvesting Electricity from Atmospheric Moisture by Engineering an Organic Acid Gradient in Paper. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53615-53626. [PMID: 36437545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moisture-activated electric generators (MEGs) that harvest clean energy from atmospheric humidity offer exciting opportunities for upgraded energy conversions. However, it is challenging to obtain MEGs that are both easy to fabricate and of high output power, due to the requirement for particular functional materials and the cumbersome manufacturing process. Herein, a simple and general method is adopted to prepare MEGs with chemically gradient structures. As a specific example, a gradient distribution of citric acid was successfully constructed inside an A4 printer paper by asymmetric drying, which can generate a continuous voltage of tens of millivolts by ambient humidity, and even to volts (275 mV and 7.6 μA cm-2) under asymmetric humidity stimulation, and the maximum power density output was 2.1 μW cm-2. The driving force behind this energy conversion is a self-maintained ionic gradient created within the paper by the asymmetric ionization of gradient organic acids when exposed to gradient or nongradient humid air. This work broadens the class of materials and possibilities for the rapid development of MEGs, shedding new light on the revolution of generators that harvest green and sustainable energy for power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Yang
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing210094, China
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Zhang Z, Lu T, Yang D, Lu S, Cai R, Tan W. A Dual-Function Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Flame and Humidity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203334. [PMID: 35986695 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early warning sensors rapidly monitor critical temperatures, humidity, and fires, which are crucial to reduce or avoid natural disasters in complex environments, such as fire or water disasters. Here, a highly sensitive, readable, and dual-functional sensor is designed for a fast-response fire alarm and rapid humidity detection based on sustainable biological films (named MSCG films). The MSCG films are composed of grafted sisal nanofibers (MgC), silk nanofibers, graphene, and citric acid (CA). After crosslinking with CA, MSCG films exhibit good wet strength (i.e., 128.8 MPa) after soaking in 100 °C water, thus confirming that the films would be applicable to a broad temperature range in humid environments. After flame ignition, the MSCG films are rapidly carbonized to activate an alarm sound and a light in the circuit with a fire response time as short as 1 s. It exhibits ultrafast temperature response/recovery time (i.e., 0.1 s/0.3 s) and rapid humidity response time (i.e., 0.9 s). The dual-functional sensor is further assembled into a versatile sensor system for real-time monitoring of fire accidents and environmental humidity, which can be integrated into consumer electronics, such as portable laptops and mobile phones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuocai Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tianyun Lu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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11
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Meng D, Zhao Q, Cheng X, Ma J, Kong L, He X, Li J. Water-induced shape memory cellulose nanofiber-based nanocomposite membrane containing lignin with quick water response and excellent wet mechanical property. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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