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Huang S, Qiu Z, Zhong J, Wu S, Han X, Hu W, Han Z, Cheng WN, Luo Y, Meng Y, Hu Z, Zhou X, Guo S, Zhu J, Zhao X, Li CC. High-Entropy Transition Metal Phosphorus Trichalcogenides for Rapid Sodium Ion Diffusion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405170. [PMID: 38838950 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy strategies are regarded as a powerful means to enhance performance in energy storage fields. The improved properties are invariably ascribed to entropy stabilization or synergistic cocktail effect. Therefore, the manifested properties in such multicomponent materials are usually unpredictable. Elucidating the precise correlations between atomic structures and properties remains a challenge in high-entropy materials (HEMs). Herein, atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy annular dark field (STEM-ADF) imaging and four dimensions (4D)-STEM are combined to directly visualize atomic-scale structural and electric information in high-entropy FeMnNiVZnPS3. Aperiodic stacking is found in FeMnNiVZnPS3 accompanied by high-density strain soliton boundaries (SSBs). Theoretical calculation suggests that the formation of such structures is attributed to the imbalanced stress of distinct metal-sulfur bonds in FeMnNiVZnPS3. Interestingly, the electric field concentrates along the two sides of SSBs and gradually diminishes toward the two-dimensional (2D) plane to generate a unique electric field gradient, strongly promoting the ion-diffusion rate. Accordingly, high-entropy FeMnNiVZnPS3 demonstrates superior ion-diffusion coefficients of 10-9.7-10-8.3 cm2 s-1 and high-rate performance (311.5 mAh g-1 at 30 A g-1). This work provides an alternative way for the atomic-scale understanding and design of sophisticated HEMs, paving the way for property engineering in multi-component materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zanlin Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shengqiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaocang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wing Ni Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zuyang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng Chao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Usler AL, Ketter F, De Souza RA. How space-charge behaviour at grain boundaries in electroceramic oxides is modified by two restricted equilibria. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8287-8298. [PMID: 38385982 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Determining the space-charge potential at grain boundaries in oxides by various experimental methods bears the promise of providing a comprehensive, quantitative description of interfacial defect chemistry. In this study, we draw attention to the problem of unifying data measured in different temperature ranges. We focus on unifying data from elevated-temperature electrical methods, such as impedance spectroscopy and current-voltage measurements, with data from room-temperature imaging techniques, such as Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Atom Probe Tomography (APT). By means of continuum simulations, we calculate the space-charge potential Φ0 at grain boundaries in the model electroceramic oxide acceptor-doped SrTiO3, taking into account, first, a restricted equilibrium that leads to frozen-in acceptor-dopant profiles, and subsequently, a restricted equilibrium that leads to frozen-in bulk oxygen-vacancy concentrations. Our results indicate non-trivial differences between experimental values of Φ0 obtained from electrical and from imaging methods, differences that arise from the different measurement temperatures and that are aggravated by the restricted equilibria. We also show that grain-boundary widths determined from elemental acceptor-cation profiles will not, on principle, agree with the electrical width extracted from impedance spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Usler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - F Ketter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - R A De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Raji A, Dong Z, Porée V, Subedi A, Li X, Mundet B, Varbaro L, Domínguez C, Hadjimichael M, Feng B, Nicolaou A, Rueff JP, Li D, Gloter A. Valence-Ordered Thin-Film Nickelate with Tri-component Nickel Coordination Prepared by Topochemical Reduction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4077-4088. [PMID: 38271616 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The metal-hydride-based "topochemical reduction" process has produced several thermodynamically unstable phases across various transition metal oxide series with unusual crystal structures and nontrivial ground states. Here, by such an oxygen (de-)intercalation method we synthesis a samarium nickelate with ordered nickel valences associated with tri-component coordination configurations. This structure, with a formula of Sm9Ni9O22 as revealed by four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), emerges from the intricate planes of {303}pc ordered apical oxygen vacancies. X-ray spectroscopy measurements and ab initio calculations show the coexistence of square planar, pyramidal, and octahedral Ni sites with mono-, bi-, and tri-valences. It leads to an intense orbital polarization, charge-ordering, and a ground state with a strong electron localization marked by the disappearance of ligand-hole configuration at low temperature. This nickelate compound provides another example of previously inaccessible materials enabled by topotactic transformations and presents an interesting platform where mixed Ni valence can give rise to exotic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Raji
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
| | - Zhengang Dong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Victor Porée
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
| | - Alaska Subedi
- CPHT, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex 91128, France
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Bernat Mundet
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory (LSME), Institute of Physics (IPHYS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Varbaro
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Claribel Domínguez
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marios Hadjimichael
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Bohan Feng
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Alessandro Nicolaou
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St. Aubin, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France
- LCPMR, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Alexandre Gloter
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91400, France
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Yang C, Pons R, Sigle W, Wang H, Benckiser E, Logvenov G, Keimer B, van Aken PA. Direct observation of strong surface reconstruction in partially reduced nickelate films. Nat Commun 2024; 15:378. [PMID: 38191551 PMCID: PMC10774438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The polarity of a surface can affect the electronic and structural properties of oxide thin films through electrostatic effects. Understanding the mechanism behind these effects requires knowledge of the atomic structure and electrostatic characteristics at the surface. In this study, we use annular bright-field imaging to investigate the surface structure of a Pr0.8Sr0.2NiO2+x (0 < x < 1) film. We observe a polar distortion coupled with octahedral rotations in a fully oxidized Pr0.8Sr0.2NiO3 sample, and a stronger polar distortion in a partially reduced sample. Its spatial depth extent is about three unit cells from the surface. Additionally, we use four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) to directly image the local atomic electric field surrounding Ni atoms near the surface and discover distinct valence variations of Ni atoms, which are confirmed by atomic-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Our results suggest that the strong surface reconstruction in the reduced sample is closely related to the formation of oxygen vacancies from topochemical reduction. These findings provide insights into the understanding and evolution of surface polarity at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Pons
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wilfried Sigle
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Benckiser
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gennady Logvenov
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Yang C, Ortiz RA, Wang Y, Sigle W, Wang H, Benckiser E, Keimer B, van Aken PA. Atomic Insights of Interface Polarity in NdNiO2/SrTiO3 Superlattices. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:321-322. [PMID: 37613222 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roberto A Ortiz
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Microscopy and Analysis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P.R China
| | - Wilfried Sigle
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Benckiser
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Huang CH, Weng CY, Chen KH, Chou Y, Wu TL, Chou YC. Multiple-State Nonvolatile Memory Based on Ultrathin Indium Oxide Film via Liquid Metal Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37202222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) indium oxide (InOx) with a large area of more than 100 μm2 and a high degree of uniformity was automatically peeled off from indium by the liquid-metal printing technique. Raman and optical measurements revealed that 2D-InOx has a polycrystalline cubic structure. By altering the printing temperature which affects the crystallinity of 2D-InOx, the mechanism of the existence and disappearance of memristive characteristics was established. The tunable characteristics of the 2D-InOx memristor with reproducible one-order switching was manifest from the electrical measurements. Further adjustable multistate characteristics of the 2D-InOx memristor and its resistance switching mechanism were evaluated. A detailed examination of the memristive process demonstrated the Ca2+ mimic dynamic in 2D-InOx memristors as well as the fundamental principles underlying biological and artificial synapses. These surveys allow us to comprehend a 2D-InOx memristor using the liquid-metal printing technique and could be applied to future neuromorphic applications and in the field of revolutionary 2D material exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hsun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Weng
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chou
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Li Wu
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Chou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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7
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Yang C, Ortiz RA, Wang Y, Sigle W, Wang H, Benckiser E, Keimer B, van Aken PA. Thickness-Dependent Interface Polarity in Infinite-Layer Nickelate Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3291-3297. [PMID: 37027232 PMCID: PMC10141440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The interface polarity plays a vital role in the physical properties of oxide heterointerfaces because it can cause specific modifications of the electronic and atomic structure. Reconstruction due to the strong polarity of the NdNiO2/SrTiO3 interface in recently discovered superconducting nickelate films may play an important role, as no superconductivity has been observed in the bulk. By employing four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we studied effects of oxygen distribution, polyhedral distortion, elemental intermixing, and dimensionality in NdNiO2/SrTiO3 superlattices grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates. Oxygen distribution maps show a gradual variation of the oxygen content in the nickelate layer. Remarkably, we demonstrate thickness-dependent interface reconstruction due to a polar discontinuity. An average cation displacement of ∼0.025 nm at interfaces in 8NdNiO2/4SrTiO3 superlattices is twice larger than that in 4NdNiO2/2SrTiO3 superlattices. Our results provide insights into the understanding of reconstructions at NdNiO2/SrTiO3 polar interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Roberto A. Ortiz
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Center
for Microscopy and Analysis, Nanjing University
of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R.
China
| | - Wilfried Sigle
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Eva Benckiser
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Bernhard Keimer
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Peter A. van Aken
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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8
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Li Y, Xiang C, Chiabrera FM, Yun S, Zhang H, Kelly DJ, Dahm RT, Kirchert CKR, Cozannet TEL, Trier F, Christensen DV, Booth TJ, Simonsen SB, Kadkhodazadeh S, Jespersen TS, Pryds N. Stacking and Twisting of Freestanding Complex Oxide Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203187. [PMID: 35901262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of dissimilar materials in heterostructures has long been a cornerstone of modern materials science-seminal examples are 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures. Recently, new methods have been developed that enable the realization of ultrathin freestanding oxide films approaching the 2D limit. Oxides offer new degrees of freedom, due to the strong electronic interactions, especially the 3d orbital electrons, which give rise to rich exotic phases. Inspired by this progress, a new platform for assembling freestanding oxide thin films with different materials and orientations into artificial stacks with heterointerfaces is developed. It is shown that the oxide stacks can be tailored by controlling the stacking sequences, as well as the twist angle between the constituent layers with atomically sharp interfaces, leading to distinct moiré patterns in the transmission electron microscopy images of the full stacks. Stacking and twisting is recognized as a key degree of structural freedom in 2D materials but, until now, has never been realized for oxide materials. This approach opens unexplored avenues for fabricating artificial 3D oxide stacking heterostructures with freestanding membranes across a broad range of complex oxide crystal structures with functionalities not available in conventional 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Faculty of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 309, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Francesco M Chiabrera
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Shinhee Yun
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Haiwu Zhang
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 307, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Rasmus T Dahm
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Charline K R Kirchert
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Le Cozannet
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Felix Trier
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Dennis V Christensen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Booth
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 309, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Shima Kadkhodazadeh
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 307, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Jespersen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nini Pryds
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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