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Zhu J, Li Y, Lin X, Han Y, Wu K. Coherent phenomena and dynamics of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for quantum information technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1027-1040. [PMID: 38951651 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years in the context of optoelectronic devices, during which time their quantum properties have also begun to attract attention. Their unmatched ease of synthetic tunability and unique structural, optical and electronic properties, in conjunction with the confinement of carriers in three dimensions, have motivated studies on observing and controlling coherent light-matter interaction in these materials for quantum information technologies. This Review outlines the recent efforts and achievements in this direction. Particularly notable examples are the observation of coherent single-photon emission, evidence for superfluorescence and the realization of room-temperature coherent spin manipulation for ensemble samples, which have not been achieved for prototypical colloidal CdSe nanocrystals that have been under investigation for decades. This Review aims to highlight these results, point out the challenges ahead towards realistic applications and bring together the efforts of multidisciplinary communities in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Bi RH, Su Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Dou W. Spin-lattice relaxation with non-linear couplings: Comparison between Fermi's golden rule and extended dissipaton equation of motion. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024105. [PMID: 38984964 DOI: 10.1063/5.0212870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermi's golden rule (FGR) offers an empirical framework for understanding the dynamics of spin-lattice relaxation in magnetic molecules, encompassing mechanisms like direct (one-phonon) and Raman (two-phonon) processes. These principles effectively model experimental longitudinal relaxation rates, denoted as T1-1. However, under scenarios of increased coupling strength and nonlinear spin-lattice interactions, FGR's applicability may diminish. This paper numerically evaluates the exact spin-lattice relaxation rate kernels, employing the extended dissipaton equation of motion formalism. Our calculations reveal that when quadratic spin-lattice coupling is considered, the rate kernels exhibit a free induction decay-like feature, and the damping rates depend on the interaction strength. We observe that the temperature dependence predicted by FGR significantly deviates from the exact results since FGR ignores the higher order effects and the non-Markovian nature of spin-lattice relaxation. Our methods can be easily extended to study other systems with nonlinear spin-lattice interactions and provide valuable insights into the temperature dependence of T1 in molecular qubits when the coupling is strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hao Bi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yu Su
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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3
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Kirstein E, Zhukov EA, Yakovlev DR, Kopteva NE, Yalcin E, Akimov IA, Hordiichuk O, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Coherent Carrier Spin Dynamics in FAPbBr 3 Perovskite Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2893-2903. [PMID: 38448798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes are studied in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite FAPbBr3 bulk single crystals using the time-resolved Kerr ellipticity technique at cryogenic temperatures. The Larmor spin precession of the carrier spins in a magnetic field is monitored to measure the Landé g-factors of electrons (+2.44) and holes (+0.41). These g-factors are highly isotropic. The measured spin dephasing times amount to a few nanoseconds, and the longitudinal hole spin relaxation time is 470 ns. The important role of the strong hyperfine interaction between carrier spins and nuclear spins is demonstrated via dynamic nuclear polarization. At low temperatures, electron and hole spin relaxation predominantly occurs via the hyperfine interaction, whose importance significantly decreases at temperatures above 12 K. We overview the spin dynamics in various lead halide perovskite crystals and polycrystalline films and conclude on their common features provided by charge carrier localization at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nataliia E Kopteva
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eyüp Yalcin
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ilya A Akimov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich,Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich,Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich,Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Zhu C, Boehme SC, Feld LG, Moskalenko A, Dirin DN, Mahrt RF, Stöferle T, Bodnarchuk MI, Efros AL, Sercel PC, Kovalenko MV, Rainò G. Single-photon superradiance in individual caesium lead halide quantum dots. Nature 2024; 626:535-541. [PMID: 38297126 PMCID: PMC10866711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The brightness of an emitter is ultimately described by Fermi's golden rule, with a radiative rate proportional to its oscillator strength times the local density of photonic states. As the oscillator strength is an intrinsic material property, the quest for ever brighter emission has relied on the local density of photonic states engineering, using dielectric or plasmonic resonators1,2. By contrast, a much less explored avenue is to boost the oscillator strength, and hence the emission rate, using a collective behaviour termed superradiance. Recently, it was proposed3 that the latter can be realized using the giant oscillator-strength transitions of a weakly confined exciton in a quantum well when its coherent motion extends over many unit cells. Here we demonstrate single-photon superradiance in perovskite quantum dots with a sub-100 picosecond radiative decay time, almost as short as the reported exciton coherence time4. The characteristic dependence of radiative rates on the size, composition and temperature of the quantum dot suggests the formation of giant transition dipoles, as confirmed by effective-mass calculations. The results aid in the development of ultrabright, coherent quantum light sources and attest that quantum effects, for example, single-photon emission, persist in nanoparticles ten times larger than the exciton Bohr radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Xu J, Li K, Huynh UN, Fadel M, Huang J, Sundararaman R, Vardeny V, Ping Y. How spin relaxes and dephases in bulk halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:188. [PMID: 38168025 PMCID: PMC10761878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Spintronics in halide perovskites has drawn significant attention in recent years, due to their highly tunable spin-orbit fields and intriguing interplay with lattice symmetry. Here, we perform first-principles calculations to determine the spin relaxation time (T1) and ensemble spin dephasing time ([Formula: see text]) in a prototype halide perovskite, CsPbBr3. To accurately capture spin dephasing in external magnetic fields we determine the Landé g-factor from first principles and take it into account in our calculations. These allow us to predict intrinsic spin lifetimes as an upper bound for experiments, identify the dominant spin relaxation pathways, and evaluate the dependence on temperature, external fields, carrier density, and impurities. We find that the Fröhlich interaction that dominates carrier relaxation contributes negligibly to spin relaxation, consistent with the spin-conserving nature of this interaction. Our theoretical approach may lead to new strategies to optimize spin and carrier transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Kejun Li
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Uyen N Huynh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mayada Fadel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ravishankar Sundararaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Yuan Ping
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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6
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Nestoklon MO, Kirstein E, Yakovlev DR, Zhukov EA, Glazov MM, Semina MA, Ivchenko EL, Kolobkova EV, Kuznetsova MS, Bayer M. Tailoring the Electron and Hole Landé Factors in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Quantum Confinement and Halide Exchange. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8218-8224. [PMID: 37647545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of the optical properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals makes them highly appealing for applications. Halide anion exchange and quantum confinement enable tailoring of the band gap. For spintronics, the Landé g-factors of electrons and holes are essential. Using empirical tight-binding and k·p methods, we calculate them for nanocrystals of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl). The hole g-factor band gap dependence follows the universal law found for bulk perovskites, while for electrons, a considerable modification is predicted. Based on the k·p analysis, we conclude that this difference arises from the interaction of the bottom conduction band with the spin-orbit split electron states. These predictions are confirmed experimentally for electron and hole g-factors in CsPbI3 nanocrystals in a glass matrix, measured by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity in a magnetic field at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Nestoklon
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A Semina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Kolobkova
- ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S Kuznetsova
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Meliakov SR, Zhukov EA, Kulebyakina EV, Belykh VV, Yakovlev DR. Coherent Spin Dynamics of Electrons in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals at Room Temperature. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2454. [PMID: 37686962 PMCID: PMC10489742 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent spin dynamics of charge carriers in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals are studied in a temperature range of 4-300 K and in magnetic fields of up to 500 mT using time-resolved pump-probe Faraday rotation and differential transmission techniques. We detect electron spin Larmor precession in the entire temperature range. At temperatures below 50 K, hole spin precession is also observed. The temperature dependences of spin-related parameters, such as Landè g-factor and spin dephasing time are measured and analyzed. The electron g-factor increases with growing temperature, which can not be described by the temperature-induced band gap renormalization. We find that photocharging of the nanocrystals with either electrons or holes depends on the sample cooling regime, namely the cooling rate and illumination conditions. The type of the charge carrier provided by the photocharging can be identified via the carrier spin Larmor precession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey R. Meliakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Zhukov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Vasilii V. Belykh
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R. Yakovlev
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Kirstein E, Kopteva NE, Yakovlev DR, Zhukov EA, Kolobkova EV, Kuznetsova MS, Belykh VV, Yugova IA, Glazov MM, Bayer M, Greilich A. Mode locking of hole spin coherences in CsPb(Cl, Br) 3 perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:699. [PMID: 36755046 PMCID: PMC9908866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spin physics of perovskite nanocrystals with confined electrons or holes is attracting increasing attention, both for fundamental studies and spintronic applications. Here, stable [Formula: see text] lead halide perovskite nanocrystals embedded in a fluorophosphate glass matrix are studied by time-resolved optical spectroscopy to unravel the coherent spin dynamics of holes and their interaction with nuclear spins of the 207Pb isotope. We demonstrate the spin mode locking effect provided by the synchronization of the Larmor precession of single hole spins in each nanocrystal in the ensemble that are excited periodically by a laser in an external magnetic field. The mode locking is enhanced by nuclei-induced frequency focusing. An ensemble spin dephasing time [Formula: see text] of a nanosecond and a single hole spin coherence time of T2 = 13 ns are measured. The developed theoretical model accounting for the mode locking and nuclear focusing for randomly oriented nanocrystals with perovskite band structure describes the experimental data very well.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kirstein
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. E. Kopteva
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D. R. Yakovlev
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia ,grid.425806.d0000 0001 0656 6476P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. A. Zhukov
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Kolobkova
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia ,grid.437869.70000 0004 0497 4945St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. S. Kuznetsova
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. V. Belykh
- grid.425806.d0000 0001 0656 6476P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Yugova
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. M. Glazov
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Bayer
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A. Greilich
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Lin X, Han Y, Zhu J, Wu K. Room-temperature coherent optical manipulation of hole spins in solution-grown perovskite quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:124-130. [PMID: 36536044 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of solid-state spin coherence is an important paradigm for quantum information processing. Current systems either operate at very low temperatures or are difficult to scale up. Developing low-cost, scalable materials whose spins can be coherently manipulated at room temperature is thus highly attractive for a sustainable future of quantum information science. Here we report ambient-condition all-optical initialization, manipulation and readout of hole spins in an ensemble of solution-grown CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots with a single hole in each dot. The hole spins are initialized by sub-picosecond electron scavenging following circularly polarized femtosecond-pulse excitation. A transverse magnetic field induces spin precession, and a second off-resonance femtosecond-pulse coherently rotates hole spins via strong light-matter interaction. These operations accomplish near-complete quantum-state control, with a coherent rotation angle close to the π radian, of hole spins at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Kirstein E, Zhukov EA, Yakovlev DR, Kopteva NE, Harkort C, Kudlacik D, Hordiichuk O, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Coherent Spin Dynamics of Electrons in Two-Dimensional (PEA) 2PbI 4 Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:205-212. [PMID: 36574606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The versatile potential of lead halide perovskites and two-dimensional materials is merged in the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites having outstanding optical properties. Here, the coherent spin dynamics in Ruddlesden-Popper (PEA)2PbI4 perovskites is investigated by picosecond pump-probe Kerr rotation in an external magnetic field. The Larmor spin precession of resident electrons with a spin dephasing time of 190 ps is identified. The longitudinal spin relaxation time in weak magnetic fields measured by the spin inertia method is as long as 25 μs. A significant anisotropy of the electron g-factor with the in-plane value of +2.45 and out-of-plane value of +2.05 is found. The exciton out-of-plane g-factor of +1.6 is measured by magneto-reflectivity. This work contributes to the understanding of the spin-dependent properties of two-dimensional perovskites and their spin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kirstein
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliia E Kopteva
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Harkort
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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11
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Han Y, Liang W, Lin X, Li Y, Sun F, Zhang F, Sercel PC, Wu K. Lattice distortion inducing exciton splitting and coherent quantum beating in CsPbI 3 perovskite quantum dots. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1282-1289. [PMID: 36075966 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic exchange splitting in semiconductor quantum dots results in bright-exciton fine-structure splitting important for quantum information processing. Direct measurement of fine-structure splitting usually requires single/few quantum dots at liquid-helium temperature because of its sensitivity to quantum dot size and shape, whereas measuring and controlling fine-structure splitting at an ensemble level seem to be impossible unless all the dots are made to be nearly identical. Here we report strong bright-exciton fine-structure splitting up to 1.6 meV in solution-processed CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots, manifested as quantum beats in ensemble-level transient absorption at liquid-nitrogen to room temperature. The splitting is robust to quantum dot size and shape heterogeneity, and increases with decreasing temperature, pointing towards a mechanism associated with orthorhombic distortion of the perovskite lattice. Effective-mass-approximation calculations reveal an intrinsic 'fine-structure gap' that agrees well with the observed fine-structure splitting. This gap stems from an avoided crossing of bright excitons confined in orthorhombically distorted quantum dots that are bounded by the pseudocubic {100} family of planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Fengke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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Belykh VV, Skorikov ML, Kulebyakina EV, Kolobkova EV, Kuznetsova MS, Glazov MM, Yakovlev DR. Submillisecond Spin Relaxation in CsPb(Cl,Br) 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals in a Glass Matrix. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4583-4588. [PMID: 35621509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in a glass matrix are a promising platform for optoelectronic applications due to their excellent optical properties combined with outstanding stability against the environment. We reveal the potential of this system for spintronics by studying the electron spin properties of CsPb(Cl,Br)3 nanocrystals in a fluorophosphate glass matrix. Using optical spin orientation and spin depolarization with a radio frequency field, we measure longitudinal spin relaxation time, T1, reaching several hundreds of microseconds at low temperatures. This time T1 corresponds to a spin state with a small g factor, which we attribute to a weakly exchange-coupled electron-hole pair with antiparallel spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii V Belykh
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail L Skorikov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Kulebyakina
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Kolobkova
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Center for Optical Materials Science, ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S Kuznetsova
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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