1
|
Tang X, Yu A, Yang Q, Yuan H, Wang Z, Xie J, Zhou L, Guo Y, Ma D, Dai S. Significance of Epitaxial Growth of PtO 2 on Rutile TiO 2 for Pt/TiO 2 Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3764-3772. [PMID: 38304977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
TiO2-supported Pt species have been widely applied in numerous critical reactions involving photo-, thermo-, and electrochemical-catalysis for decades. Manipulation of the state of the Pt species in Pt/TiO2 catalysts is crucial for fine-tuning their catalytic performance. Here, we report an interesting discovery showing the epitaxial growth of PtO2 atomic layers on rutile TiO2, potentially allowing control of the states of active Pt species in Pt/TiO2 catalysts. The presence of PtO2 atomic layers could modulate the geometric configuration and electronic state of the Pt species under reduction conditions, resulting in a spread of the particle shape and obtaining a Pt/PtO2/TiO2 structure with more positive valence of Pt species. As a result, such a catalyst exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic activity and stability toward hydrogen evolution reaction, while also promoting the thermocatalytic CO oxidation, surpassing the performance of the Pt/TiO2 catalyst with no epitaxial structure. This novel epitaxial growth of the PtO2 structure on rutile TiO2 in Pt/TiO2 catalysts shows its potential in the rational design of highly active and economical catalysts toward diverse catalytic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Anwen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Junzhong Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hojo H, Nakashima M, Yoshizaki S, Einaga H. Lattice-Plane-Dependent Distribution of Ce 3+ at Pt and CeO 2 Interfaces for Pt/CeO 2 Catalysts. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38285709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between a metal and a support, which is known as the metal-support interaction, often plays a determining role in the catalytic properties of supported metal catalysts. Herein, we have developed model Pt/CeO2 catalysts, which enabled us to investigate the interface atomic and electronic structures between Pt and the {001}, {011}, and {111} planes of CeO2 using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We found that the number of Ce3+ ions around the Pt nanoparticles followed the order {001} > {011} > {111}, which was the opposite order of the generally accepted stability of low index surfaces of CeO2. Systematic first-principles calculations revealed that the presence of Pt nanoparticles facilitated the formation of oxygen vacancies and that the appearance of the Ptδ+ state was preferred when Pt nanoparticles were in contact with CeO2 {001} planes due to direct charge transfer from Pt to CeO2. These results provide important insights into the nature of the metal-support interaction for a comprehensive understanding of the properties of supported metal catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Hojo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Minori Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshizaki
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Einaga
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsuura R, Kawamura A, Ota R, Fukushima T, Fujimoto K, Kozaki M, Yamashiro M, Somei J, Matsumoto Y, Aida Y. TiO 2-Photocatalyst-Induced Degradation of Dog and Cat Allergens under Wet and Dry Conditions Causes a Loss in Their Allergenicity. TOXICS 2023; 11:718. [PMID: 37624223 PMCID: PMC10458468 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Allergies to dogs and cats can cause enormous damage to human health and the economy. Dog and cat allergens are mainly found in dog and cat dander and are present in small particles in the air and in carpets in homes with dogs and cats. Cleaning houses and washing pets are the main methods for reducing allergens in homes; however, it is difficult to eliminate them completely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether a TiO2 photocatalyst could degrade dog and cat allergens. Under wet conditions, exposure to the TiO2 photocatalyst for 24 h degraded Can f1, which is a major dog allergen extracted from dog dander, by 98.3%, and Fel d1, which is a major cat allergen extracted from cat dander, by 93.6-94.4%. Furthermore, under dry conditions, the TiO2 photocatalyst degraded Can f1 and Fel d1 by 92.8% and 59.2-68.4%, respectively. The TiO2 photocatalyst abolished the binding of dog and cat allergens to human IgE by 104.6% and 108.6%, respectively. The results indicated that the TiO2 photocatalyst degraded dog and cat allergens, causing a loss in their allergenicity. Our results suggest that TiO2 photocatalysis can be useful for removing indoor pet allergens and improving the partnership between humans and pets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
| | - Arisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
| | - Rizo Ota
- Inuyama Animal General Medical Center, 29 Oomishita, Haguro, Inuyama 484-0894, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukushima
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujimoto
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Masato Kozaki
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamashiro
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Junichi Somei
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Xiong S, Liu H, Shi J, Mi J, Liu H, Gong Z, Oliviero L, Maugé F, Li J. Reverse oxygen spillover triggered by CO adsorption on Sn-doped Pt/TiO 2 for low-temperature CO oxidation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3477. [PMID: 37311800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The spillover of oxygen species is fundamentally important in redox reactions, but the spillover mechanism has been less understood compared to that of hydrogen spillover. Herein Sn is doped into TiO2 to activate low-temperature (<100 °C) reverse oxygen spillover in Pt/TiO2 catalyst, leading to CO oxidation activity much higher than that of most oxide-supported Pt catalysts. A combination of near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ Raman/Infrared spectroscopies, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the reverse oxygen spillover is triggered by CO adsorption at Pt2+ sites, followed by bond cleavage of Ti-O-Sn moieties nearby and the appearance of Pt4+ species. The O in the catalytically indispensable Pt-O species is energetically more favourable to be originated from Ti-O-Sn. This work clearly depicts the interfacial chemistry of reverse oxygen spillover that is triggered by CO adsorption, and the understanding is helpful for the design of platinum/titania catalysts suitable for reactions of various reactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Shangchao Xiong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jinxing Mi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China
| | - Laetitia Oliviero
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS, 6 bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Françoise Maugé
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS, 6 bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pu Y, Jia L, Huang Q, Tang X, Rodriguez P, Huang L. Investigation on the surface charge separation in Pt-supported morphology-related-TiO 2 and its effect on water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:815-823. [PMID: 37229999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lowering Pt loading in the catalyst while maintaining its superior catalytic efficiency during hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for the large-scale application of water splitting. The utilization of strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) through morphology engineering has emerged as an effective strategy in fabricating Pt-supported catalysts. However, a simple and explicit routine to realize the rational design of morphology-related SMSI remains challenging. Here we report a protocol for the photochemical deposition of Pt, which benefits from the intrinsic difference in absorption capability of TiO2 to establish proper Pt+ species and charge separation domains on the surface. With a comprehensive investigation of the surface environment through experiments and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, charge transfer from Pt to Ti, the separation of electron-hole pairs, and the enhanced electron transfer in the TiO2 matrix were confirmed. It is reported that H2O molecules can be spontaneously dissociated by the surface Ti and O, generating OH stabilized by adjacent Ti and Pt. Such adsorbed OH group induces changes in the electron density of Pt, consequently favours the H adsorption and enhances the HER. Benefiting from the preferable electronic state, the annealed Pt@TiO2-pH9 (PTO-pH9@A) exhibits an overpotential of 30 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 geo and a mass activity of 3954 A g-1Pt, which is 17-fold higher than the commercial Pt/C. Our work provides a new strategy for the high-efficient catalyst design by the surface state- regulated SMSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Pu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, No. 2, Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Paramaconi Rodriguez
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CICenergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Limin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Shi W, Li Y, Zhao W, Han S, Shen W. Pt 3Ti Intermetallic Alloy Formed by Strong Metal–Support Interaction over Pt/TiO 2 for the Selective Hydrogenation of Acetophenone. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixiong Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institution of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institution of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institution of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institution of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shaobo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institution of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institution of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rao F, An Y, Huang X, Zhu L, Gong S, Shi X, Lu J, Gao J, Huang Y, Wang Q, Liu P, Zhu G. “X-Scheme” Charge Separation Induced by Asymmetrical Localized Electronic Band Structures at the Ceria Oxide Facet Junction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Rao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yurong An
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Lujun Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Siwen Gong
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xianjin Shi
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Lu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhi Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Qizhao Wang
- School Water and Environment, Key Lab Subsurface Hydrol Ecol Effects Arid Reg, Minist Educ, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gangqiang Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang W, Yu H, Wang B, Wang X, Zhang H, Lei D, Lou LL, Yu K, Liu S. Leveraging Pt/Ce 1-xLa xO 2-δ To Elucidate Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy Active Sites for Aerobic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37667-37680. [PMID: 35968674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial oxygen-defective sites of oxide-supported metal catalysts are generally regarded as active centers in diverse redox reactions. Identification of their structure-property relationship at the atomic scale is of great importance but challenging. Herein, a series of La3+-doped three-dimensionally ordered macroporous CeO2 (3D-Ce1-xLaxO2-δ) were synthesized and applied as supports for Pt nanoparticles. The pieces of evidence from a suite of in-situ/ex-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the La3+-mono-substituted La-□(-Ce)2 sites (where □ represents an oxygen vacancy) exhibited superior charge transfer ability, behaving as trapping centers for Pt nanoparticles. The resulting interfacial Ptδ+/La-□(-Ce)2 sites served as the reversible active species in the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to boost catalytic performance by simultaneously promoting oxygen activated capacity and the cleavage of O-H/C-H bonds of adsorbed hydroxymethyl groups. Consequently, the Pt/3D-Ce0.9La0.1O2-δ catalyst possessing the highest number of Ptδ+/La-□(-Ce)2 sites showed the best catalytic performance with 99.6% yield to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid in 10 h. These results offer more insights into the promoting mechanism of interfacial oxygen-defective sites for the liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of aldehydes and alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Transmedia Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Transmedia Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Da Lei
- Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lan-Lan Lou
- Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Transmedia Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuangxi Liu
- Institute of New Catalytic Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|