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Matsuura R, Kawamura A, Ota R, Fukushima T, Fujimoto K, Kozaki M, Yamashiro M, Somei J, Matsumoto Y, Aida Y. TiO 2-Photocatalyst-Induced Degradation of Dog and Cat Allergens under Wet and Dry Conditions Causes a Loss in Their Allergenicity. Toxics 2023; 11:718. [PMID: 37624223 PMCID: PMC10458468 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Allergies to dogs and cats can cause enormous damage to human health and the economy. Dog and cat allergens are mainly found in dog and cat dander and are present in small particles in the air and in carpets in homes with dogs and cats. Cleaning houses and washing pets are the main methods for reducing allergens in homes; however, it is difficult to eliminate them completely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether a TiO2 photocatalyst could degrade dog and cat allergens. Under wet conditions, exposure to the TiO2 photocatalyst for 24 h degraded Can f1, which is a major dog allergen extracted from dog dander, by 98.3%, and Fel d1, which is a major cat allergen extracted from cat dander, by 93.6-94.4%. Furthermore, under dry conditions, the TiO2 photocatalyst degraded Can f1 and Fel d1 by 92.8% and 59.2-68.4%, respectively. The TiO2 photocatalyst abolished the binding of dog and cat allergens to human IgE by 104.6% and 108.6%, respectively. The results indicated that the TiO2 photocatalyst degraded dog and cat allergens, causing a loss in their allergenicity. Our results suggest that TiO2 photocatalysis can be useful for removing indoor pet allergens and improving the partnership between humans and pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
| | - Arisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
| | - Rizo Ota
- Inuyama Animal General Medical Center, 29 Oomishita, Haguro, Inuyama 484-0894, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukushima
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujimoto
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Masato Kozaki
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamashiro
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Junichi Somei
- Kaltech Corporation, Hirotake Bldg. 3-3-7 Bakuromachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.)
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Matsuura R, Lo CW, Wada S, Somei J, Ochiai H, Murakami T, Saito N, Ogawa T, Shinjo A, Benno Y, Nakagawa M, Takei M, Aida Y. SARS-CoV-2 Disinfection of Air and Surface Contamination by TiO 2 Photocatalyst-Mediated Damage to Viral Morphology, RNA, and Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:942. [PMID: 34065382 PMCID: PMC8161138 DOI: 10.3390/v13050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, which is a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted rapidly via contaminated surfaces and aerosols, emphasizing the importance of environmental disinfection to block the spread of virus. Ultraviolet C radiation and chemical compounds are effective for SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, but can only be applied in the absence of humans due to their toxicities. Therefore, development of disinfectants that can be applied in working spaces without evacuating people is needed. Here we showed that TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and decreases its infectivity by 99.9% after 20 min and 120 min of treatment in aerosol and liquid, respectively. The mechanistic effects of TiO2 photocatalyst on SARS-CoV-2 virion included decreased total observed virion count, increased virion size, and reduced particle surface spike structure, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Damage to viral proteins and genome was further confirmed by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The multi-antiviral effects of TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction implies universal disinfection potential for different infectious agents. Notably, TiO2 has no adverse effects on human health, and therefore, TiO2-induced photocatalytic reaction is suitable for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious disease-causing agents in human habitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Junichi Somei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Kaltech Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Heihachiro Ochiai
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Kaltech Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0059, Japan
| | - Takeharu Murakami
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Norihito Saito
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Takayo Ogawa
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Atsushi Shinjo
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (T.M.); (N.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Yoshimi Benno
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (R.M.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.W.); (J.S.); (H.O.); (M.N.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
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