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Fu R, Qu Y, Xue M, Liu X, Chen S, Zhao Y, Chen R, Li B, Weng H, Liu Q, Dai Q, Chen J. Manipulating hyperbolic transient plasmons in a layered semiconductor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:709. [PMID: 38267417 PMCID: PMC10808201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic materials with oppositely signed dielectric tensors support hyperbolic polaritons, displaying enhanced electromagnetic localization and directional energy flow. However, the most reported hyperbolic phonon polaritons are difficult to apply for active electro-optical modulations and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a dynamic topological plasmonic dispersion transition in black phosphorus via photo-induced carrier injection, i.e., transforming the iso-frequency contour from a pristine ellipsoid to a non-equilibrium hyperboloid. Our work also demonstrates the peculiar transient plasmonic properties of the studied layered semiconductor, such as the ultrafast transition, low propagation losses, efficient optical emission from the black phosphorus's edges, and the characterization of different transient plasmon modes. Our results may be relevant for the development of future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yusong Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | | | - Xinghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Shengyao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongqian Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Boxuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongming Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Qian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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Kondratyev VI, Permyakov DV, Ivanova TV, Iorsh IV, Krizhanovskii DN, Skolnick MS, Kravtsov V, Samusev AK. Probing and Control of Guided Exciton-Polaritons in a 2D Semiconductor-Integrated Slab Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7876-7882. [PMID: 37638634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Guided 2D exciton-polaritons, resulting from the strong coupling of excitons in semiconductors with nonradiating waveguide modes, provide an attractive approach toward developing novel on-chip optical devices. These quasiparticles are characterized by long propagation distances and efficient nonlinear interactions but cannot be directly accessed from the free space. Here we demonstrate a powerful approach for probing and manipulating guided polaritons in a Ta2O5 slab integrated with a WS2 monolayer using evanescent coupling through a high-index solid immersion lens. Tuning the nanoscale lens-sample gap allows for extracting all of the intrinsic parameters of the system. We also demonstrate the transition from weak to strong coupling accompanied by the onset of the motional narrowing effect: with the increase of exciton-photon coupling strength, the inhomogeneous contribution to polariton line width, inherited from the exciton resonance, becomes fully lifted. Our results enable the development of integrated optics employing room-temperature exciton-polaritons in 2D semiconductor-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy I Kondratyev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Permyakov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Ivanova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan V Iorsh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anton K Samusev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Guo H, Zhang X, Lu G. Pseudo-heterostructure and condensation of 1D moiré excitons in twisted phosphorene bilayers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5404. [PMID: 37478184 PMCID: PMC10361592 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures are not expected to form in a single homogeneous material. Here, we show that planar pseudo-heterostructures could emerge in a twisted bilayer of phosphorene (tbP), driving in-plane energy and charge transfer. The formation of moiré superlattices combined with electronic anisotropy in tbPs yields one-dimensional (1D) moiré excitons with long radiative and nonradiative lifetimes, large binding energies, and deep moiré potentials. Low-frequency moiré phonons and dynamic moiré potentials are revealed to be responsible for the in-plane energy/charge transfer and exciton dynamics. The 1D moiré excitons are predicted to exhibit Bose-Einstein condensation at high temperatures and may lead to exotic Tonks-Girardeau Bose gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8268, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8268, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8268, USA
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B Iyer R, Luan Y, Shinar R, Shinar J, Fei Z. Nano-optical imaging of exciton-plasmon polaritons in WSe 2/Au heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15663-15668. [PMID: 36239221 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a nano-optical imaging study of exciton-plasmon polaritons (EPPs) in WSe2/Au heterostructures with scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). By mapping the interference fringes of EPPs at various excitation energies, we constructed the dispersion diagram of the EPPs, which shows strong exciton-plasmon coupling with a sizable Rabi splitting energy (∼0.19 eV). Furthermore, we found a sensitive dependence of the polariton wavelength (λp) on WSe2 thickness (d). When d is below 40 nm, λp decreases rapidly with increasing d. As d reaches 50 nm and above, λp drops to 210 nm, which is over 4 times smaller than that of the free-space photons. Our simulations indicate that the high spatial confinement of EPPs is due to the strong localization of the polariton field inside WSe2. Our work uncovers the transport properties of EPPs and paves the way for future applications of these highly confined polaritons in nanophotonics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan B Iyer
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Yilong Luan
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Ruth Shinar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Joseph Shinar
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Zhe Fei
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Sun K, Ma H, Xia W, Suo P, Zhang W, Zou Y, Lin X, Zhang S, Guo Y, Ma G. Dynamical Response of Nonlinear Optical Anisotropy in a Tin Sulfide Crystal under Ultrafast Photoexcitation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9355-9362. [PMID: 36190250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Analogous to black phosphorus, SnS processes folded structure that shows a strongly anisotropic optical absorption. Herein, by using ultrafast two-color pump and probe spectroscopy, the azimuthal angle dependence of nonlinear optical anisotropy in SnS is investigated. After 390 nm photoexcitation, the reflectivity of the 780 nm probe beam is first reduced significantly, followed by a complex alternation with the rotation of the sample along the c-axis. The relaxation of reflectivity consisted of two components: a 1-3 ps fast process that shows azimuthal angle and pump fluence dependence, which arises from electron-phonon coupling. The slow process shows strongly azimuthal angle dependence, which arises from the recovery of a photoinduced structural change, i.e., from the photoinduced metastable state with Cmcm-like symmetry to the initial state with Pnma symmetry. In addition, a coherent acoustic phonon with a frequency of 40 GHz is also identified, which originates from the temperature gradient-induced strain wave in the SnS crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Sun
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Suo
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqing Zou
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Saifeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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