1
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Teng H, Chen N, Hu H, García de Abajo FJ, Dai Q. Steering and cloaking of hyperbolic polaritons at deep-subwavelength scales. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4463. [PMID: 38796473 PMCID: PMC11127984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polaritons are well-established carriers of light, electrical signals, and even heat at the nanoscale in the setting of on-chip devices. However, the goal of achieving practical polaritonic manipulation over small distances deeply below the light diffraction limit remains elusive. Here, we implement nanoscale polaritonic in-plane steering and cloaking in a low-loss atomically layered van der Waals (vdW) insulator, α-MoO3, comprising building blocks of customizable stacked and assembled structures. Each block contributes specific characteristics that allow us to steer polaritons along the desired trajectories. Our results introduce a natural materials-based approach for the comprehensive manipulation of nanoscale optical fields, advancing research in the vdW polaritonics domain and on-chip nanophotonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hai Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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2
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Yu L, Liu X, Chen M, Peng J, Xu T, Gao W, Yang M, Du C, Yao J, Song W, Dong H, Li J, Zheng Z. Activation of the Photosensitive Potential of 2D GaSe by Interfacial Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22207-22216. [PMID: 38629723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) gallium selenide (GaSe) holds great promise for pioneering advancements in photodetection due to its exceptional electronic and optoelectronic properties. However, in conventional photodetectors, 2D GaSe only functions as a photosensitive layer, failing to fully exploit its inherent photosensitive potential. Herein, we propose an ultrasensitive photodetector based on out-of-plane 2D GaSe/MoSe2 heterostructure. Through interfacial engineering, 2D GaSe serves not only as the photosensitive layer but also as the photoconductive gain and passivation layer, introducing a photogating effect and extending the lifetime of photocarriers. Capitalizing on these features, the device exhibits exceptional photodetection performance, including a responsivity of 28 800 A/W, specific detectivity of 7.1 × 1014 Jones, light on/off ratio of 1.2 × 106, and rise/fall time of 112.4/426.8 μs. Moreover, high-resolution imaging under various wavelengths is successfully demonstrated using this device. Additionally, we showcase the generality of this device design by activating the photosensitive potential of 2D GaSe with other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as WSe2, WS2, and MoS2. This work provides inspiration for future development in high-performance photodetectors, shining a spotlight on the potential of 2D GaSe and its heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, P. R. China
| | - Meifei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Peng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chun Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Huafeng Dong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Li
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
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3
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Xing Q, Zhang J, Fang Y, Song C, Zhao T, Mou Y, Wang C, Ma J, Xie Y, Huang S, Mu L, Lei Y, Shi W, Huang F, Yan H. Tunable anisotropic van der Waals films of 2M-WS 2 for plasmon canalization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2623. [PMID: 38521817 PMCID: PMC10960863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In-plane anisotropic van der Waals materials have emerged as a natural platform for anisotropic polaritons. Extreme anisotropic polaritons with in-situ broadband tunability are of great significance for on-chip photonics, yet their application remains challenging. In this work, we experimentally characterize through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements a van der Waals plasmonic material, 2M-WS2, capable of supporting intrinsic room-temperature in-plane anisotropic plasmons in the far and mid-infrared regimes. In contrast to the recently revealed natural hyperbolic plasmons in other anisotropic materials, 2M-WS2 supports canalized plasmons with flat isofrequency contours in the frequency range of ~ 3000-5000 cm-1. Furthermore, the anisotropic plasmons and the corresponding isofrequency contours can be reversibly tuned via in-situ ion-intercalation. The tunable anisotropic and canalization plasmons may open up further application perspectives in the field of uniaxial plasmonics, such as serving as active components in directional sensing, radiation manipulation, and polarization-dependent optical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuangang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Ge Z, Zhu S, Xiao W, Chen H. Multiple hyperbolic waves. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1532-1535. [PMID: 38489443 DOI: 10.1364/ol.513530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a conceptual design for a hyperbolic material utilizing transformation optics. This material is designed to produce multiple hyperbolic wave fields or polaritons excited by a point source. The design dictates key parameters including branch number, propagation range, and overall propagation direction of deflection. Through this approach, the hyperbolic material demonstrates new effects compared to traditional hyperbolic materials. These advancements offer possibilities for the design and applications of photonic devices in other degrees of freedom.
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5
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Wang H, Kumar A, Dai S, Lin X, Jacob Z, Oh SH, Menon V, Narimanov E, Kim YD, Wang JP, Avouris P, Martin Moreno L, Caldwell J, Low T. Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials. Nat Commun 2024; 15:69. [PMID: 38167681 PMCID: PMC10761702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China
| | - Anshuman Kumar
- Laboratory of Optics of Quantum Materials, Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Xiao Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zubin Jacob
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Physics, City College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Phaedon Avouris
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Luis Martin Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Joshua Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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6
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He M, Matson JR, Yu M, Cleri A, Sunku SS, Janzen E, Mastel S, Folland TG, Edgar JH, Basov DN, Maria JP, Law S, Caldwell JD. Polariton design and modulation via van der Waals/doped semiconductor heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7965. [PMID: 38042825 PMCID: PMC10693602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) can be supported in materials where the real parts of their permittivities along different directions are opposite in sign. HPhPs offer confinements of long-wavelength light to deeply subdiffractional scales, while the evanescent field allows for interactions with substrates, enabling the tuning of HPhPs by altering the underlying materials. Yet, conventionally used noble metal and dielectric substrates restrict the tunability of this approach. To overcome this challenge, here we show that doped semiconductor substrates, e.g., InAs and CdO, enable a significant tuning effect and dynamic modulations. We elucidated HPhP tuning with the InAs plasma frequency in the near-field, with a maximum difference of 8.3 times. Moreover, the system can be dynamically modulated by photo-injecting carriers into the InAs substrate, leading to a wavevector change of ~20%. Overall, the demonstrated hBN/doped semiconductor platform offers significant improvements towards manipulating HPhPs, and potential for engineered and modulated polaritonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Joseph R Matson
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Angela Cleri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sai S Sunku
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Eli Janzen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | | | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Maria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephanie Law
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
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7
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Zhou Z, Song R, Xu J, Ni X, Dang Z, Zhao Z, Quan J, Dong S, Hu W, Huang D, Chen K, Wang Z, Cheng X, Raschke MB, Alù A, Jiang T. Gate-Tuning Hybrid Polaritons in Twisted α-MoO 3/Graphene Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37948605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulating anisotropic phonon polaritons (PhPs) can open new avenues in infrared nanophotonics. Promising PhP dispersion engineering through polariton hybridization has been demonstrated by coupling gated graphene to single-layer α-MoO3. However, the mechanism underlying the gate-dependent modulation of hybridization has remained elusive. Here, using IR nanospectroscopic imaging, we demonstrate active modulation of the optical response function, quantified in measurements of gate dependence of wavelength, amplitude, and dissipation rate of the hybrid plasmon-phonon polaritons (HPPPs) in both single-layer and twisted bilayer α-MoO3/graphene heterostructures. Intriguingly, while graphene doping leads to a monotonic increase in HPPP wavelength, amplitude and dissipation rate show transition from an initially anticorrelated decrease to a correlated increase. We attribute this behavior to the intricate interplay of gate-dependent components of the HPPP complex momentum. Our results provide the foundation for active polariton control of integrated α-MoO3 nanophotonics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Renkang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Zijia Dang
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhichen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10026, United States
| | - Siyu Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Di Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10026, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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8
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Zhao Y, Li G, Yao Y, Chen J, Xue M, Bao L, Jin K, Ge C, Chen J. Tunable heterostructural prism for planar polaritonic switch. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1757-1763. [PMID: 37507260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of phonon polaritons in van der Waals materials at the nanoscale has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in nanophotonics. The unique properties of these materials, such as their ability to support sub-diffraction imaging, sensing, and hyperlenses, have made them a promising avenue for the development of new techniques in the field. Despite these advancements, there still exists a challenge in achieving dynamically reversible manipulation of phonon polaritons in these materials due to their insulating properties. In this study, we present experimental results on the reversible manipulation of anisotropic phonon polaritons in α-MoO3 on top of a VO2 film, a phase-change material known for its dramatic changes in dielectric properties between its insulating and metallic states. Our findings demonstrate that the engineered VO2 film enables a switch in the propagation of polaritons in the mid-infrared region by modifying the dielectric properties of the film through temperature changes. Our results represent a promising approach to effectively control the flow of light energy at the nanoscale and offer the potential for the design and fabrication of integrated, flat sub-diffraction polaritonic devices. This study adds to the growing body of work in the field of nanophotonics and highlights the importance of considering phase-change materials for the development of new techniques in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ge Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117550, Singapore
| | - Jiancui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengfei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihong Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China.
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9
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Wang C, Xie Y, Ma J, Hu G, Xing Q, Huang S, Song C, Wang F, Lei Y, Zhang J, Mu L, Zhang T, Huang Y, Qiu CW, Yao Y, Yan H. Twist-Angle and Thickness-Ratio Tuning of Plasmon Polaritons in Twisted Bilayer van der Waals Films. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6907-6913. [PMID: 37494570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stacking bilayer structures is an efficient way to tune the topology of polaritons in in-plane anisotropic films, e.g., by leveraging the twist angle (TA). However, the effect of another geometric parameter, the film thickness ratio (TR), on manipulating the plasmon topology in bilayers is elusive. Here, we fabricate bilayer structures of WTe2 films, which naturally host in-plane hyperbolic plasmons in the terahertz range. Plasmon topology is successfully modified by changing the TR and TA synergistically, manifested by the extinction spectra of unpatterned films and the polarization dependence of the plasmon intensity measured in skew ribbon arrays. Such TR- and TA-tunable topological transitions can be well explained based on the effective sheet optical conductivity by adding up those of the two films. Our study demonstrates TR as another degree of freedom for the manipulation of plasmonic topology in nanophotonics, exhibiting promising applications in biosensing, heat transfer, and the enhancement of spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuangang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiaoxia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaoyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yugui Yao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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10
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Xie Y, Wang C, Fei F, Li Y, Xing Q, Huang S, Lei Y, Zhang J, Mu L, Dai Y, Song F, Yan H. Tunable optical topological transitions of plasmon polaritons in WTe 2 van der Waals films. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:193. [PMID: 37553359 PMCID: PMC10409815 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Naturally existing in-plane hyperbolic polaritons and the associated optical topological transitions, which avoid the nano-structuring to achieve hyperbolicity, can outperform their counterparts in artificial metasurfaces. Such plasmon polaritons are rare, but experimentally revealed recently in WTe2 van der Waals thin films. Different from phonon polaritons, hyperbolic plasmon polaritons originate from the interplay of free carrier Drude response and interband transitions, which promise good intrinsic tunability. However, tunable in-plane hyperbolic plasmon polariton and its optical topological transition of the isofrequency contours to the elliptic topology in a natural material have not been realized. Here we demonstrate the tuning of the optical topological transition through Mo doping and temperature. The optical topological transition energy is tuned over a wide range, with frequencies ranging from 429 cm-1 (23.3 microns) for pure WTe2 to 270 cm-1 (37.0 microns) at the 50% Mo-doping level at 10 K. Moreover, the temperature-induced blueshift of the optical topological transition energy is also revealed, enabling active and reversible tuning. Surprisingly, the localized surface plasmon resonance in skew ribbons shows unusual polarization dependence, accurately manifesting its topology, which renders a reliable means to track the topology with far-field techniques. Our results open an avenue for reconfigurable photonic devices capable of plasmon polariton steering, such as canaling, focusing, and routing, and pave the way for low-symmetry plasmonic nanophotonics based on anisotropic natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Fucong Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and College of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), 211805, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuqi Li
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoxia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaomin Dai
- Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 211805, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and College of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- Atom Manufacturing Institute (AMI), 211805, Nanjing, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Lv J, Wu Y, Liu J, Gong Y, Si G, Hu G, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Tang JX, Fuhrer MS, Chen H, Maier SA, Qiu CW, Ou Q. Hyperbolic polaritonic crystals with configurable low-symmetry Bloch modes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3894. [PMID: 37393303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystals (PhCs) are a kind of artificial structures that can mold the flow of light at will. Polaritonic crystals (PoCs) made from polaritonic media offer a promising route to controlling nano-light at the subwavelength scale. Conventional bulk PhCs and recent van der Waals PoCs mainly show highly symmetric excitation of Bloch modes that closely rely on lattice orders. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a type of hyperbolic PoCs with configurable and low-symmetry deep-subwavelength Bloch modes that are robust against lattice rearrangement in certain directions. This is achieved by periodically perforating a natural crystal α-MoO3 that hosts in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons. The mode excitation and symmetry are controlled by the momentum matching between reciprocal lattice vectors and hyperbolic dispersions. We show that the Bloch modes and Bragg resonances of hyperbolic PoCs can be tuned through lattice scales and orientations while exhibiting robust properties immune to lattice rearrangement in the hyperbolic forbidden directions. Our findings provide insights into the physics of hyperbolic PoCs and expand the categories of PhCs, with potential applications in waveguiding, energy transfer, biosensing and quantum nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Lv
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
| | - Jingying Liu
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Youning Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Stefan A Maier
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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12
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Duan J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Lanza C, Voronin K, Tresguerres-Mata AIF, Capote-Robayna N, Álvarez-Cuervo J, Tarazaga Martín-Luengo A, Martín-Sánchez J, Volkov VS, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Multiple and spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable α-MoO 3 trilayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01582-5. [PMID: 37349399 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a topological transition of the polaritonic dispersion in twisted bilayers of anisotropic van der Waals materials at a given twist angle-the photonic magic angle-results in the diffractionless propagation of polaritons with deep-subwavelength resolution. This type of propagation, generally referred to as canalization, holds promise for the control of light at the nanoscale. However, the existence of a single photonic magic angle hinders such control since the canalization direction in twisted bilayers is unique and fixed for each incident frequency. Here we overcome this limitation by demonstrating multiple spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable twisted α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) trilayers. We show that canalization of polaritons can be programmed at will along any desired in-plane direction in a single device with broad spectral ranges. These findings open the door for nanophotonics applications where on-demand control is crucial, such as thermal management, nanoimaging or entanglement of quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain.
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - G Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - C Lanza
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - K Voronin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - N Capote-Robayna
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - J Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - V S Volkov
- XPANCEO, Bayan Business Center, DIP, Dubai, UAE
| | - A Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain.
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13
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Wang K, Long H, Deng N, Yuan M, Wang B, Wang K, Lu P. Enhanced efficiency of launching hyperbolic phonon polaritons in stacked α-MoO 3 flakes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20750-20760. [PMID: 37381191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we reported a systemic study on the enhanced efficiency of launching hyperbolic phonon polaritons (PhPs) in stacked α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) flakes. By using the infrared photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM), real-space near-field images (PiFM images) of mechanically exfoliated α-MoO3 thin flakes were recorded within three different Reststrahlen bands (RBs). As referred with PiFM fringes of the single flake, PiFM fringes of the stacked α-MoO3 sample within the RB 2 and RB 3 are greatly improved with the enhancement factor (EF) up to 170%. By performing numerical simulations, it reveals that the general improvement in near-field PiFM fringes arises from the existence of a nanoscale thin dielectric spacer in the middle part between two stacked α-MoO3 flakes. The nanogap acts as a nanoresonator for prompting the near-field coupling of hyperbolic PhPs supported by each flake in the stacked sample, contributing to the increase of polaritonic fields, and verifying the experimental observations Our findings could offer fundamental physical investigations into the effective excitation of PhPs and will be helpful for developing functional nanophotonic devices and circuits.
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14
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Ni X, Carini G, Ma W, Renzi EM, Galiffi E, Wasserroth S, Wolf M, Li P, Paarmann A, Alù A. Observation of directional leaky polaritons at anisotropic crystal interfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2845. [PMID: 37202412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme anisotropy in some polaritonic materials enables light propagation with a hyperbolic dispersion, leading to enhanced light-matter interactions and directional transport. However, these features are typically associated with large momenta that make them sensitive to loss and poorly accessible from far-field, being bound to the material interface or volume-confined in thin films. Here, we demonstrate a new form of directional polaritons, leaky in nature and featuring lenticular dispersion contours that are neither elliptical nor hyperbolic. We show that these interface modes are strongly hybridized with propagating bulk states, sustaining directional, long-range, sub-diffractive propagation at the interface. We observe these features using polariton spectroscopy, far-field probing and near-field imaging, revealing their peculiar dispersion, and - despite their leaky nature - long modal lifetime. Our leaky polaritons (LPs) nontrivially merge sub-diffractive polaritonics with diffractive photonics onto a unified platform, unveiling opportunities that stem from the interplay of extreme anisotropic responses and radiation leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Giulia Carini
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiliang Ma
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and Wuhan National high Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Enrico Maria Renzi
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Emanuele Galiffi
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Sören Wasserroth
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peining Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and Wuhan National high Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | | | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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15
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Pian C, Sang T, Li S, Yang C, Zhang X. Selective excitation of hyperbolic phonon polaritons-induced broadband absorption via α-MoO 3 square pyramid arrays. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:41. [PMID: 37382713 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical anisotropy of α-MoO3 in its reststrahlen (RS) bands provides exciting opportunities for constructing the polarization-dependent devices. However, achieving broadband anisotropic absorptions through the same α-MoO3 arrays is still challenging. In this study, we demonstrate that selective broadband absorption can be achieved by using the same α-MoO3 square pyramid arrays (SPAs). For both the x and y polarizations, the absorption responses of the α-MoO3 SPAs calculated by using the effective medium theory (EMT) agreed well with those of the FDTD, indicating the excellent selective broadband absorption of the α-MoO3 SPAs are associated with the resonant hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) modes assisted by the anisotropic gradient antireflection (AR) effect of the structure. The near-field distribution of the absorption wavelengths of the α-MoO3 SPAs shows that the magnetic-field enhancement of the lager absorption wavelength tends to shift to the bottom of the α-MoO3 SPAs due to the lateral Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonance, and the electric-field distribution exhibits the ray-like light propagation trails due to the resonance nature of the HPhPs modes. In addition, broadband absorption of the α-MoO3 SPAs can be maintained if the width of the bottom edge of the α-MoO3 pyramid is large than 0.8 μm, and excellent anisotropic absorption performances are almost immune to the variations of the thickness of the spacer and the height of the α-MoO3 pyramid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Pian
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chaoyu Yang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xianghu Zhang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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16
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Ge Z, Tao S, Chen H. Perfectly matched layer for biaxial hyperbolic materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6965-6973. [PMID: 36823942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic materials have attracted considerable interest for their unique open hyperbolic dispersion properties. These materials support high-momentum propagating modes and strong light confinement, leading to a wide range of applications including super-resolution technologies, negative refraction and long-life propagation. Even with these wonderful optical properties, hyperbolic materials, however, cause problems when applying perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions in numerical simulation software such as COMSOL Multiphysics. Due to the unfit embedded attenuation function, the built-in PML of simulation software would result in a mass of reflections in the computational domain when the background medium is hyperbolic materials. Here, we take advantage of an imaginary coordinate mapping and the complex coordinate stretching of transformation optics theory to design a PML for biaxial hyperbolic materials, which avoids any reflections and can be tuned flexibly. The proposed recipe can provide antidote and new insights for hyperbolic material studies.
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17
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Li M, Hu G, Chen X, Qiu CW, Chen H, Wang Z. Topologically reconfigurable magnetic polaritons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6660. [PMID: 36525502 PMCID: PMC9757744 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic polaritons in extremely anisotropic materials have attracted intensive attention due to their exotic optical features. Recent advances in optical materials reveal unprecedented dispersion engineering of polaritons, resulting in twistronics for photons, canalized phonon polaritons, shear polaritons, and tunable topological polaritons. However, the on-demand reconfigurability of polaritons, especially with magnetic anisotropic dispersions, is restricted by weak natural magnetic anisotropy and hence remains largely unexplored. Here, we show how origami fused with artificial magnetism unveils a versatile pathway to topologically reconfigure magnetic polaritons. We experimentally demonstrate that the three-dimensional origami deformation allows to reconfigure hyperbolic or elliptic topology of polariton dispersion and modulate group velocity. With group velocity transitioning from positive to negative directions, we further report reconfigurable origami polariton circuitry in which the polariton propagation and phase distribution can be tailored. Our findings provide alternative perspectives on on-chip polaritonics, with potential applications in energy transfer, sensing, and information transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuan Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, 215000 Suzhou, China
- Corresponding author. (C.-W.Q.); (H.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Corresponding author. (C.-W.Q.); (H.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zuojia Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China
- Corresponding author. (C.-W.Q.); (H.C.); (Z.W.)
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18
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Wen C, Wang Z, Xu J, Xu W, Liu W, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Qin S. Indefinite Graphene Nanocavities with Ultra-Compressed Mode Volumes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4004. [PMID: 36432290 PMCID: PMC9692570 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Explorations of indefinite nanocavities have attracted surging interest in the past few years as such cavities enable light confinement to exceptionally small dimensions, relying on the hyperbolic dispersion of their consisting medium. Here, we propose and study indefinite graphene nanocavities, which support ultra-compressed mode volumes with confinement factors up to 109. Moreover, the nanocavities we propose manifest anomalous scaling laws of resonances and can be effectively excited from the far field. The indefinite graphene cavities, based on low dimensional materials, present a novel rout to squeeze light down to the nanoscale, rendering a more versatile platform for investigations into ultra-strong light-matter interactions at mid-infrared to terahertz spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Wen
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zongyang Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jipeng Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, Changsha 410073, China
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19
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Li S, Xu J, Xie Y. Active Tuning and Anisotropic Strong Coupling of Terahertz Polaritons in Van der Waals Heterostructures. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1955. [PMID: 36422384 PMCID: PMC9699160 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic field confinement is significant in enhancing light-matter interactions as well as in reducing footprints of photonic devices especially in Terahertz (THz). Polaritons offer a promising platform for the manipulation of light at the deep sub-wavelength scale. However, traditional THz polariton materials lack active tuning and anisotropic propagation simultaneously. In this paper, we design a graphene/α-MoO3 heterostructure and simulate polariton hybridization between isotropic graphene plasmon polaritons and anisotropic α-MoO3 phonon polaritons. The physical fundamentals for polariton hybridizations depend on the evanescent fields coupling originating from the constituent materials as well as the phase match condition, which can be severely affected by the α-MoO3 thickness and actively tuned by the gate voltages. Hybrid polaritons propagate with in-plane anisotropy that exhibit momentum dispersion characterized by elliptical, hyperboloidal and even flattened iso-frequency contours (IFCs) in the THz range. Our results provide a tunable and flexible anisotropic polariton platform for THz sensing, imaging, and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Li
- Department of Physics, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Junhao Xu
- Department of Physics, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Department of Physics, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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20
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Hou T, Chen H. Criterion for photonic topological transition in two-dimensional heterostructures. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5433-5436. [PMID: 36240382 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic van der Waals material α-MoO3 has recently attracted considerable attention because of the ability to support ellipse and hyperbolic phonon polaritons with extreme field confinement and long lifetimes, which can be used in topological transition and transformation polaritonics. However, the dispersion theory of some phonon polaritons in complex heterojunctions often requires tedious computation, which makes it difficult to simply judge and analyze the physical process of the photonic topological transition. Here we obtain the equivalent permittivity distribution of two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures by the effective medium theory and analyze the rotation-induced topological transitions and stack-dependent topological transitions of phonon polaritons. Unlike the previous discussion, we can predict the topological transition points by a parameter ɛx/y(i.e., the permittivity ratio along the in-plane crystal axis of the equivalent medium) and design precisely the phonon polaritons in the stacked materials by controlling the equivalent permittivity after simple calculation. The feasibility of the effective medium theory is verified based on the 2D approximation model and the non-2D approximation model under the limit of an ultrathin slab. Meanwhile, we compare the field distributions and dispersions of the 2D heterostructures and the corresponding equivalent structure. The simulation suggests that the elliptic/hyperbolic responses of the stacked materials depend on the sign of ɛx/y. The new, to the best of our knowledge, method not only provides an easier and clearer criterion for the study of photonic topological transition in anisotropic polaritons, but also shows great potential in designing some multilayer 2D heterostructures.
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21
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Hu H, Chen N, Teng H, Yu R, Qu Y, Sun J, Xue M, Hu D, Wu B, Li C, Chen J, Liu M, Sun Z, Liu Y, Li P, Fan S, García de Abajo FJ, Dai Q. Doping-driven topological polaritons in graphene/α-MoO 3 heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:940-946. [PMID: 35982316 PMCID: PMC9477736 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Control over charge carrier density provides an efficient way to trigger phase transitions and modulate the optoelectronic properties of materials. This approach can also be used to induce topological transitions in the optical response of photonic systems. Here we report a topological transition in the isofrequency dispersion contours of hybrid polaritons supported by a two-dimensional heterostructure consisting of graphene and α-phase molybdenum trioxide. By chemically changing the doping level of graphene, we observed that the topology of polariton isofrequency surfaces transforms from open to closed shapes as a result of doping-dependent polariton hybridization. Moreover, when the substrate was changed, the dispersion contour became dominated by flat profiles at the topological transition, thus supporting tunable diffractionless polariton propagation and providing local control over the optical contour topology. We achieved subwavelength focusing of polaritons down to 4.8% of the free-space light wavelength by using a 1.5-μm-wide silica substrate as an in-plane lens. Our findings could lead to on-chip applications in nanoimaging, optical sensing and manipulation of energy transfer at the nanoscale.
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Grants
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFB2205701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51902065, 52172139, 51925203, U2032206, 52072083, and 51972072)
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2202062), and Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB36000000, XDB30000000).
- Z.P.S. acknowledges the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 314810, 333982, 336144, and 336818), The Business Finland (ALDEL), the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme (320167, PREIN), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (820423, S2QUIP; 965124, FEMTOCHIP), the EU H2020-MSCA-RISE-872049 (IPN-Bio), and the ERC (834742).
- P.N.L acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grantno.62075070)
- S.F. acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46426.
- F.J.G.A. acknowledges the ERC (Advanced Grant 789104-eNANO), the Spanish MINECO (SEV2015-0522), and the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanchao Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renwen Yu
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yunpeng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhe Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Xue
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Debo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Chen
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peining Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain.
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Ruta FL, Kim BSY, Sun Z, Rizzo DJ, McLeod AS, Rajendran A, Liu S, Millis AJ, Hone JC, Basov DN. Surface plasmons induce topological transition in graphene/α-MoO 3 heterostructures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3719. [PMID: 35764651 PMCID: PMC9240047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polaritons in hyperbolic van der Waals materials-where principal axes have permittivities of opposite signs-are light-matter modes with unique properties and promising applications. Isofrequency contours of hyperbolic polaritons may undergo topological transitions from open hyperbolas to closed ellipse-like curves, prompting an abrupt change in physical properties. Electronically-tunable topological transitions are especially desirable for future integrated technologies but have yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we present a doping-induced topological transition effected by plasmon-phonon hybridization in graphene/α-MoO3 heterostructures. Scanning near-field optical microscopy was used to image hybrid polaritons in graphene/α-MoO3. We demonstrate the topological transition and characterize hybrid modes, which can be tuned from surface waves to bulk waveguide modes, traversing an exceptional point arising from the anisotropic plasmon-phonon coupling. Graphene/α-MoO3 heterostructures offer the possibility to explore dynamical topological transitions and directional coupling that could inspire new nanophotonic and quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Rizzo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anjaly Rajendran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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