1
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Wang P, Kazak L, Senkalla K, Siyushev P, Abe R, Taniguchi T, Onoda S, Kato H, Makino T, Hatano M, Jelezko F, Iwasaki T. Transform-Limited Photon Emission from a Lead-Vacancy Center in Diamond above 10 K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073601. [PMID: 38427893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Transform-limited photon emission from quantum emitters is essential for high-fidelity entanglement generation. In this Letter, we report the coherent optical property of a single negatively charged lead-vacancy (PbV) center in diamond. Photoluminescence excitation measurements reveal stable fluorescence with a linewidth of 39 MHz at 6 K, close to the transform limit estimated from the lifetime measurement. We observe 4 orders of magnitude different linewidths of the two zero-phonon lines, and find that the phonon-induced relaxation in the ground state contributes to this huge difference in the linewidth. Because of the suppressed phonon absorption in the PbV center, we observe nearly transform-limited photon emission up to 16 K, demonstrating its high temperature robustness compared to other color centers in diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lev Kazak
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Senkalla
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petr Siyushev
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- 3rd Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ryotaro Abe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 305-0044 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, 370-1292 Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kato
- Advanced Power Electronics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Makino
- Advanced Power Electronics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hatano
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Iwasaki
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Adambukulam C, Johnson BC, Morello A, Laucht A. Hyperfine Spectroscopy and Fast, All-Optical Arbitrary State Initialization and Readout of a Single, Ten-Level ^{73}Ge Vacancy Nuclear Spin Qudit in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060603. [PMID: 38394595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A high-spin nucleus coupled to a color center can act as a long-lived memory qudit in a spin-photon interface. The germanium vacancy (GeV) in diamond has attracted recent attention due to its excellent spectral properties and provides access to the ten-dimensional Hilbert space of the I=9/2 ^{73}Ge nucleus. Here, we observe the ^{73}GeV hyperfine structure, perform nuclear spin readout, and optically initialize the ^{73}Ge spin into any eigenstate on a μs timescale and with a fidelity of up to ∼84%. Our results establish ^{73}GeV as an optically addressable high-spin quantum platform for a high-efficiency spin-photon interface as well as for foundational quantum physics and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adambukulam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - B C Johnson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - A Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Komisar D, Kumar S, Kan Y, Meng C, Kulikova LF, Davydov VA, Agafonov VN, Bozhevolnyi SI. Multiple channelling single-photon emission with scattering holography designed metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6253. [PMID: 37803006 PMCID: PMC10558519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Channelling single-photon emission in multiple well-defined directions and simultaneously controlling its polarization characteristics is highly desirable for numerous quantum technology applications. We show that this can be achieved by using quantum emitters (QEs) nonradiatively coupled to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are scattered into outgoing free-propagating waves by appropriately designed metasurfaces. The QE-coupled metasurface design is based on the scattering holography approach with radially diverging SPPs as reference waves. Using holographic metasurfaces fabricated around nanodiamonds with single Ge vacancy centres, we experimentally demonstrate on-chip integrated efficient generation of two well-collimated single-photon beams propagating along different 15° off-normal directions with orthogonal linear polarizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo Komisar
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Yinhui Kan
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Chao Meng
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Liudmila F Kulikova
- L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
| | - Valery A Davydov
- L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
| | | | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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4
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Cheng X, Wessling NK, Ghosh S, Kirkpatrick AR, Kappers MJ, Lekhai YND, Morley GW, Oliver RA, Smith JM, Dawson MD, Salter PS, Strain MJ. Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3374-3383. [PMID: 37743941 PMCID: PMC10515637 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Effective light extraction from optically active solid-state spin centers inside high-index semiconductor host crystals is an important factor in integrating these pseudo-atomic centers in wider quantum systems. Here, we report increased fluorescent light collection efficiency from laser-written nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in bulk diamond facilitated by micro-transfer printed GaN solid immersion lenses. Both laser-writing of NV centers and transfer printing of micro-lens structures are compatible with high spatial resolution, enabling deterministic fabrication routes toward future scalable systems development. The micro-lenses are integrated in a noninvasive manner, as they are added on top of the unstructured diamond surface and bonded by van der Waals forces. For emitters at 5 μm depth, we find approximately 2× improvement of fluorescent light collection using an air objective with a numerical aperture of NA = 0.95 in good agreement with simulations. Similarly, the solid immersion lenses strongly enhance light collection when using an objective with NA = 0.5, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the NV center emission while maintaining the NV's quantum properties after integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Cheng
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - Nils Kolja Wessling
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Saptarsi Ghosh
- Cambridge
Centre for Gallium Nitride, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Andrew R. Kirkpatrick
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - Menno J. Kappers
- Cambridge
Centre for Gallium Nitride, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | | | - Gavin W. Morley
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Rachel A. Oliver
- Cambridge
Centre for Gallium Nitride, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Jason M. Smith
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - Martin D. Dawson
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Patrick S. Salter
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Strain
- Institute
of Photonics, Department of Physics, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
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5
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Cai H, Ru S, Jiang Z, Eng JJH, He R, Li FL, Miao Y, Zúñiga-Pérez J, Gao W. Spin Defects in hBN assisted by Metallic Nanotrenches for Quantum Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37205843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in devices embedding two-dimensional materials has prompted it as the most sought after platform to implement quantum sensing due to its testing while operating capability. The negatively charged boron vacancy (VB-) in hBN plays a prominent role, as it can be easily generated while its spin population can be initialized and read out by optical means at room-temperature. But the lower quantum yield hinders its widespread use as an integrated quantum sensor. Here, we demonstrate an emission enhancement amounting to 400 by nanotrench arrays compatible with coplanar waveguide (CPW) electrodes employed for spin-state detection. By monitoring the reflectance spectrum of the resonators as additional layers of hBN are transferred, we have optimized the overall hBN/nanotrench optical response, maximizing thereby the luminescence enhancement. Based on these finely tuned heterostructures, we achieved an enhanced DC magnetic field sensitivity as high as 6 × 10-5 T/Hz1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shihao Ru
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhengzhi Jiang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - John Jun Hong Eng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ruihua He
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Fu-Li Li
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jesús Zúñiga-Pérez
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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6
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Arjona Martínez J, Parker RA, Chen KC, Purser CM, Li L, Michaels CP, Stramma AM, Debroux R, Harris IB, Hayhurst Appel M, Nichols EC, Trusheim ME, Gangloff DA, Englund D, Atatüre M. Photonic Indistinguishability of the Tin-Vacancy Center in Nanostructured Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173603. [PMID: 36332262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tin-vacancy centers in diamond are promising spin-photon interfaces owing to their high quantum efficiency, large Debye-Waller factor, and compatibility with photonic nanostructuring. Benchmarking their single-photon indistinguishability is a key challenge for future applications. Here, we report the generation of single photons with 99.7_{-2.5}^{+0.3}% purity and 63(9)% indistinguishability from a resonantly excited tin-vacancy center in a single-mode waveguide. We obtain quantum control of the optical transition with 1.71(1)-ns-long π pulses of 77.1(8)% fidelity and show it is spectrally stable over 100 ms. A modest Purcell enhancement factor of 12 would enhance the indistinguishability to 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arjona Martínez
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A Parker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Carola M Purser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cathryn P Michaels
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Stramma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Debroux
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac B Harris
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Hayhurst Appel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor C Nichols
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Trusheim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dorian A Gangloff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Englund
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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