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Banasaz S, Ferraro V. Keratin from Animal By-Products: Structure, Characterization, Extraction and Application-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1999. [PMID: 39065316 PMCID: PMC11280741 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a structural fibrous protein and the core constituent of animal by-products from livestock such as wool, feathers, hooves, horns, and pig bristles. This natural polymer is also the main component of human hair and is present at an important percentage in human and animal skin. Significant amounts of keratin-rich animal tissues are discarded worldwide each year, ca. 12 M tons, and the share used for keratin extraction and added-value applications is still very low. An important stream of new potential raw materials, represented by animal by-products and human hair, is thus being lost, while a large-scale valorization could contribute to a circular bioeconomy and to the reduction in the environmental fingerprint of those tissues. Fortunately, scientific research has made much important progress in the last 10-15 years in the better understanding of the complex keratin architecture and its variability among different animal tissues, in the development of tailored extraction processes, and in the screening of new potential applications. Hence, this review aims at a discussion of the recent findings in the characterization of keratin and keratin-rich animal by-product structures, as well as in keratin recovery by conventional and emerging techniques and advances in valorization in several fields.
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Wang Y, Yang X, Yang Z, Xia H, Si X, Hao J, Yan D, Li H, Peng K, Sun J, Shi C, Li H, Li W. Additive-free Absorbable Keratin Sponge With Procoagulant Activity for Noncompressible Hemostasis. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3930-3945. [PMID: 38820501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of a natural, additive-free, absorbable sponge with procoagulant activity for noncompressible hemostasis remains a challenging task. In this study, we extracted high molecular weight keratin (HK) from human hair and transformed it into a hemostatic sponge with a well-interconnected pore structure using a foaming technique, freeze-drying, and oxidation cross-linking. By controlling the cross-linking degree, the resulting sponge demonstrated excellent liquid absorption ability, shape recovery characteristics, and robust mechanical properties. The HK10 sponge exhibited rapid liquid absorption, expanding up to 600% within 5 s. Moreover, the HK sponge showed superior platelet activation and blood cell adhesion capabilities. In SD rat liver defect models, the sponges demonstrated excellent hemostatic performance by sealing the wound and expediting coagulation, reducing the hemostatic time from 825 to 297 s. Furthermore, HK sponges have excellent biosafety, positioning them as a promising absorbable sponge with the potential for the treatment of noncompressible hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yonglian Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yonglian Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hangbin Xia
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoqin Si
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yonglian Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jiahui Hao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Dongxue Yan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huili Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yonglian Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yonglian Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Yonglian Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wenzhong Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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Zhu L, Ouyang F, Fu X, Wang Y, Li T, Wen M, Zha G, Yang X. Tannic acid modified keratin/sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan biocomposite hydrogels with good mechanical properties and swelling behavior. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12864. [PMID: 38834664 PMCID: PMC11150462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polymer-based hydrogels have demonstrated great potential as wound-healing dressings. They help to maintain a moist wound environment as well as promote faster healing. In this work, a multifunctional hydrogel was prepared using keratin, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl chitosan with tannic acid modification. Micro-morphology of hydrogels has been performed by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy reveals the presence of hydrogen bonding. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were examined using a universal testing machine. Furthermore, we investigated several properties of the modified hydrogel. These properties include swelling rate, water retention, anti-freezing properties, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, hemocompatibility evaluation and cell viability test in vitro. The modified hydrogel has a three-dimensional microporous structure, the swelling rate was 1541.7%, the elastic modulus was 589.74 kPa, the toughness was 211.74 kJ/m3, and the elongation at break was 75.39%, which was similar to the human skin modulus. The modified hydrogel also showed inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli, as well as a DPPH scavenging rate of 95%. In addition, the modified hydrogels have good biological characteristics. Based on these findings, the K/SA/CCS hydrogel holds promise for applications in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Fenfen Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Guodong Zha
- HEMOS (Chongqing) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Building #2, No.216, Jianshan Road, Bishan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China.
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El-Nablaway M, Rashed F, Taher ES, Atia GA, Foda T, Mohammed NA, Abdeen A, Abdo M, Hînda I, Imbrea AM, Taymour N, Ibrahim AM, Atwa AM, Ibrahim SF, Ramadan MM, Dinu S. Bioactive injectable mucoadhesive thermosensitive natural polymeric hydrogels for oral bone and periodontal regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1384326. [PMID: 38863491 PMCID: PMC11166210 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1384326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammation-related condition, caused by an infectious microbiome and host defense that causes damage to periodontium. The natural processes of the mouth, like saliva production and eating, significantly diminish therapeutic medication residency in the region of periodontal disease. Furthermore, the complexity and diversity of pathological mechanisms make successful periodontitis treatment challenging. As a result, developing enhanced local drug delivery technologies and logical therapy procedures provides the foundation for effective periodontitis treatment. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, and easily administered to the periodontal tissues, hydrogels have sparked substantial an intense curiosity in the discipline of periodontal therapy. The primary objective of hydrogel research has changed in recent years to intelligent thermosensitive hydrogels, that involve local adjustable sol-gel transformations and regulate medication release in reaction to temperature, we present a thorough introduction to the creation and efficient construction of new intelligent thermosensitive hydrogels for periodontal regeneration. We also address cutting-edge smart hydrogel treatment options based on periodontitis pathophysiology. Furthermore, the problems and prospective study objectives are reviewed, with a focus on establishing effective hydrogel delivery methods and prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Rashed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ehab S. Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Gamal A. Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Foda
- Oral Health Sciences Department, Temple University’s Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nourelhuda A. Mohammed
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al Karak, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ioana Hînda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Imbrea
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateya M. Ibrahim
- Department of Administration and Nursing Education, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port-Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Li X, Lin H, Yu Y, Lu Y, He B, Liu M, Zhuang L, Xu Y, Li W. In Situ Rapid-Formation Sprayable Hydrogels for Challenging Tissue Injury Management. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400310. [PMID: 38298099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rapid-acting, convenient, and broadly applicable medical materials are in high demand for the treatment of extensive and intricate tissue injuries in extremely medical scarcity environment, such as battlefields, wilderness, and traffic accidents. Conventional biomaterials fail to meet all the high criteria simultaneously for emergency management. Here, a multifunctional hydrogel system capable of rapid gelation and in situ spraying, addressing clinical challenges related to hemostasis, barrier establishment, support, and subsequent therapeutic treatment of irregular, complex, and urgent injured tissues, is designed. This hydrogel can be fast formed in less than 0.5 s under ultraviolet initiation. The precursor maintains an impressively low viscosity of 0.018 Pa s, while the hydrogel demonstrates a storage modulus of 0.65 MPa, achieving the delicate balance between sprayable fluidity and the mechanical strength requirements in practice, allowing flexible customization of the hydrogel system for differentiated handling and treatment of various tissues. Notably, the interactions between the component of this hydrogel and the cell surface protein confer upon its inherently bioactive functionalities such as osteogenesis, anti-inflammation, and angiogenesis. This research endeavors to provide new insights and designs into emergency management and complex tissue injuries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis-Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Han Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaics Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
| | - Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, P. R. China
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Sun C, Huang Y, Wang L, Deng J, Qing R, Ge X, Han X, Zha G, Pu W, Wang B, Hao S. Engineered keratin/bFGF hydrogel to promote diabetic wound healing in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129725. [PMID: 38272410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Keratin materials are promising in wound healing acceleration, however, it is a challenge for the keratin to efficiently therapy the impaired wound healing, such as diabetic foot ulcers. Here, we report a keratin/bFGF hydrogel for skin repair of chronic wounds in diabetic rats based on their characteristics of extracellular matrix and growth factor degradation in diabetic ulcer. Recombinant keratin 31 (K31), the most abundant keratin in human hair, exhibited the highly efficient performances in cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. More importantly, the introduction of bFGF into K31 hydrogel significantly enhances the properties of cell proliferation, wound closure acceleration, angiogenesis and skin appendages regeneration. Furthermore, the combination of K31 and bFGF can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin and promoting the expression of vimentin and fibronectin. These findings demonstrate the engineered K31/bFGF hydrogel as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Rui Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guodong Zha
- HEMOS (Chongqing) Bioscience Co., Ltd, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Wei Pu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Wang L, Shang Y, Zhang J, Yuan J, Shen J. Recent advances in keratin for biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103012. [PMID: 37837703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of keratin-based biomaterials provides an approach to addressing related environmental pollutants and turns waste into wealth. Keratin possesses various merits, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hemostasis, non-immunogenicity, antibacterial activity, antioxidation, multi-responsiveness, and abundance in nature. Additionally, keratin biomaterials have been extensively employed in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. This review focuses on the properties and biomedical applications of keratin biomaterials. It is anticipated to provide valuable insights for the research and development of keratin biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yushuang Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Thakur M, Chandel M, Kumar A, Kumari S, Kumar P, Pathania D. The development of carbohydrate polymer- and protein-based biomaterials and their role in environmental health and hygiene: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124875. [PMID: 37196726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological macromolecules have been significantly used in the medicine due to their certain therapeutic values. Macromolecules have been employed in medical filed in order to enhance, support, and substitute damaged tissues or any other biological function. In the past decade, the biomaterial field has developed considerably because of vast innovations in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, etc. Different types of biological macromolecules such as natural protein and polysaccharide etc. and synthetic molecules such as metal based, polymer based, and ceramic based etc. have been discussed. These materials can be modified by coatings, fibres, machine parts, films, foams, and fabrics for utilization in biomedical products and other environmental applications. At present, the biological macromolecules can used in different areas like medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, tissue engineering, and materials science. These materials have been used to promote the healing of human tissues, medical implants, bio-sensors and drug delivery, etc. These materials also considered as environmentally sustainable as they are prepared in association with renewable natural resources and living organisms in contrast to non-renewable resources (petrochemicals). In addition, enhanced compatibility, durability and circular economy of biological materials make them highly attractive and innovative for current research.The present review paper summarizes a brief about biological macromolecules, their classification, methods of synthesis, and their role in biomedicine, dyes and herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, IEC University Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Chandel
- Department of Chemistry, IEC University Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Agrasen University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Patel University, Mandi, (HP) 175001, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla 171013, India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (RahyaSuchani), Jammu 181143, India.
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