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Boudjehem R, Kulow A, Pérez J, Gautier E, Ould-chikh S, Pairis S, Hazemann JL, da Silva JC. ProSPyX: software for post-processing images of X-ray ptychography with spectral capabilities. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:399-408. [PMID: 38335147 PMCID: PMC10914158 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752400016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
X-ray ptychography is a coherent diffraction imaging technique based on acquiring multiple diffraction patterns obtained through the illumination of the sample at different partially overlapping probe positions. The diffraction patterns collected are used to retrieve the complex transmittivity function of the sample and the probe using a phase retrieval algorithm. Absorption or phase contrast images of the sample as well as the real and imaginary parts of the probe function can be obtained. Furthermore, X-ray ptychography can also provide spectral information of the sample from absorption or phase shift images by capturing multiple ptychographic projections at varying energies around the resonant energy of the element of interest. However, post-processing of the images is required to extract the spectra. To facilitate this, ProSPyX, a Python package that offers the analysis tools and a graphical user interface required to process spectral ptychography datasets, is presented. Using the PyQt5 Python open-source module for development and design, the software facilitates extraction of absorption and phase spectral information from spectral ptychographic datasets. It also saves the spectra in file formats compatible with other X-ray absorption spectroscopy data analysis software tools, streamlining integration into existing spectroscopic data analysis pipelines. To illustrate its capabilities, ProSPyX was applied to process the spectral ptychography dataset recently acquired on a nickel wire at the SWING beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redhouane Boudjehem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Anico Kulow
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Eric Gautier
- SPINTEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Samy Ould-chikh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, Advanced Functional Materials, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sébastien Pairis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hazemann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Julio César da Silva
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble, France
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2
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Vijayakumar J, Yuan H, Mille N, Stanescu S, Swaraj S, Favre-Nicolin V, Najafi E, Hitchcock AP, Belkhou R. Soft X-ray spectro-ptychography of boron nitride nanobamboos, carbon nanotubes and permalloy nanorods. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:746-757. [PMID: 37145139 PMCID: PMC10325009 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spectro-ptychography offers improved spatial resolution and additional phase spectral information relative to that provided by scanning transmission X-ray microscopes. However, carrying out ptychography at the lower range of soft X-ray energies (e.g. below 200 eV to 600 eV) on samples with weakly scattering signals can be challenging. Here, results of soft X-ray spectro-ptychography at energies as low as 180 eV are presented, and its capabilities are illustrated with results from permalloy nanorods (Fe 2p), carbon nanotubes (C 1s) and boron nitride bamboo nanostructures (B 1s, N 1s). The optimization of low-energy X-ray spectro-ptychography is described and important challenges associated with measurement approaches, reconstruction algorithms and their effects on the reconstructed images are discussed. A method for evaluating the increase in radiation dose when using overlapping sampling is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaianth Vijayakumar
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Nicolas Mille
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Stanescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sufal Swaraj
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Favre-Nicolin
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Adam P. Hitchcock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2
| | - Rachid Belkhou
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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3
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Santos DA, Rezaei S, Zhang D, Luo Y, Lin B, Balakrishna AR, Xu BX, Banerjee S. Chemistry-mechanics-geometry coupling in positive electrode materials: a scale-bridging perspective for mitigating degradation in lithium-ion batteries through materials design. Chem Sci 2023; 14:458-484. [PMID: 36741524 PMCID: PMC9848157 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their rapid emergence as the dominant paradigm for electrochemical energy storage, the full promise of lithium-ion batteries is yet to be fully realized, partly because of challenges in adequately resolving common degradation mechanisms. Positive electrodes of Li-ion batteries store ions in interstitial sites based on redox reactions throughout their interior volume. However, variations in the local concentration of inserted Li-ions and inhomogeneous intercalation-induced structural transformations beget substantial stress. Such stress can accumulate and ultimately engender substantial delamination and transgranular/intergranular fracture in typically brittle oxide materials upon continuous electrochemical cycling. This perspective highlights the coupling between electrochemistry, mechanics, and geometry spanning key electrochemical processes: surface reaction, solid-state diffusion, and phase nucleation/transformation in intercalating positive electrodes. In particular, we highlight recent findings on tunable material design parameters that can be used to modulate the kinetics and thermodynamics of intercalation phenomena, spanning the range from atomistic and crystallographic materials design principles (based on alloying, polymorphism, and pre-intercalation) to emergent mesoscale structuring of electrode architectures (through control of crystallite dimensions and geometry, curvature, and external strain). This framework enables intercalation chemistry design principles to be mapped to degradation phenomena based on consideration of mechanics coupling across decades of length scales. Scale-bridging characterization and modeling, along with materials design, holds promise for deciphering mechanistic understanding, modulating multiphysics couplings, and devising actionable strategies to substantially modify intercalation phase diagrams in a manner that unlocks greater useable capacity and enables alleviation of chemo-mechanical degradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA https://twitter.com/sarbajitbanerj1
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Shahed Rezaei
- Institute of Materials Science, Mechanics of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 Darmstadt 64287 Germany
| | - Delin Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA https://twitter.com/sarbajitbanerj1
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Binbin Lin
- Institute of Materials Science, Mechanics of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 Darmstadt 64287 Germany
| | - Ananya R Balakrishna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Bai-Xiang Xu
- Institute of Materials Science, Mechanics of Functional Materials, Technische Universität Darmstadt Otto-Berndt-Str. 3 Darmstadt 64287 Germany
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA https://twitter.com/sarbajitbanerj1
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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4
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Nikitina VA, Fedotov SS. Solvent Control of the Nucleation-Induced Voltage Hysteresis in Li-rich LiFePO4 Materials. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Surface chemical heterogeneous distribution in over-lithiated Li 1+xCoO 2 electrodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6464. [PMID: 36309496 PMCID: PMC9617898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In commercial Li-ion batteries, the internal short circuits or over-lithiation often cause structural transformation in electrodes and may lead to safety risks. Herein, we investigate the over-discharged mechanism of LiCoO2/graphite pouch cells, especially spatially resolving the morphological, surface phase, and local electronic structure of LiCoO2 electrode. With synchrotron-based X-ray techniques and Raman mapping, together with spectroscopy simulations, we demonstrate that over-lithiation reaction is a surface effect, accompanied by Co reduction and surface structure transformation to Li2CoO2/Co3O4/CoO/Li2O-like phases. This surface chemical distribution variation is relevant to the depth and exposed crystalline planes of LiCoO2 particles, and the distribution of binder/conductive additives. Theoretical calculations confirm that Li2CoO2-phase has lower electronic/ionic conductivity than LiCoO2-phase, further revealing the critical effect of distribution of conductive additives on the surface chemical heterogeneity evolution. Our findings on such surface phenomena are non-trivial and highlight the capability of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for studying the spatial chemical phase heterogeneity. Over-lithiation often causes structural transformation in electrodes and may lead to safety issues in Li-ion batteries. Here, authors investigate the over-discharged mechanism of LiCoO2/graphite pouch cells, and spatially resolve the morphological, surface phase, and local electronic structure of LiCoO2 electrode.
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6
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Shin HJ, Kim M, Kim N, Jung C. Ni, Co, and Mn L3-edge X-ray absorption micro-spectroscopic study on LixNi0.88Co0.08Mn0.04O2 primary particles upon annealing from room temperature to 800 °C. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Abstract
X-ray spectroptychography is an emerging method for the chemical microanalysis of advanced nanomaterials such as catalysts and batteries. This method builds upon established synchrotron X-ray microscopy and spectromicroscopy techniques with added spatial resolution from ptychography, an algorithmic imaging technique. This minireview will introduce the technique of X-ray spectroptychography, where ptychography is performed with variable photon energy, and discuss recent results and prospects for this method.
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8
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Pérez‐Rodríguez S, Fitch SDS, Bartlett PN, Garcia‐Araez N. LiFePO 4 Battery Material for the Production of Lithium from Brines: Effect of Brine Composition and Benefits of Dilution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102182. [PMID: 34730274 PMCID: PMC9299151 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lithium battery materials can be advantageously used for the selective sequestration of lithium ions from natural resources, which contain other cations in high excess. However, for practical applications, this new approach for lithium production requires the battery host materials to be stable over many cycles while retaining the high lithium selectivity. Here, a nearly symmetrical cell design was employed to show that LiFePO4 shows good capacity retention with cycling in artificial lithium brines representative of brines from Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. A quantitative correlation was identified between brine viscosity and capacity degradation, and for the first time it was demonstrated that the dilution of viscous brines with water significantly enhanced capacity retention and rate capability. The electrochemical and X-ray diffraction characterisation of the cycled electrodes also showed that the high lithium selectivity was preserved with cycling. Raman spectra of the cycled electrodes showed no signs of degradation of the carbon coating of LiFePO4 , while scanning electron microscopy images showed signs of particle cracking, thus pointing towards interfacial reactions as the cause of capacity degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pérez‐Rodríguez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSouthamptonSO171BJUnited Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. S. Fitch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSouthamptonSO171BJUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Bartlett
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSouthamptonSO171BJUnited Kingdom
| | - Nuria Garcia‐Araez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSouthamptonSO171BJUnited Kingdom
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9
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Phase boundary propagation mode in nano-sized electrode materials evidenced by potentiostatic current transients analysis: Li-rich LiFePO4 case study. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Sun T, Sun G, Yu F, Mao Y, Tai R, Zhang X, Shao G, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhou J. Soft X-ray Ptychography Chemical Imaging of Degradation in a Composite Surface-Reconstructed Li-Rich Cathode. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1475-1485. [PMID: 33356135 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The capability in spatially resolving the interactions between components in lithium (Li)-ion battery cathodes, especially correlating chemistry and electronic structure, is challenging but critical for a better understanding of complex degradation mechanisms for rational developments. X-ray spectro-ptychography and conventional synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy image stacks are the most powerful probes for studying the distribution and chemical state of cations in degraded Li-rich cathodes. Herein, we propose a chemical approach with a spatial resolution of around 5.6 nm to imaging degradation heterogeneities and interplay among components in degraded Li-rich cathodes. Through the chemical imaging reconstruction of the degraded Li-rich cathodes, fluorine (F) ions incorporated into the lattice during charging/discharging processes are proved and strongly correlate with the manganese (Mn) dissolution and oxygen loss within the secondary particles and impact the electronic structure. Otherwise, the electrode-electrolyte interphase component, scattered LiF particles (100-500 nm) along with the MnF2 layer, is also visualized between the primary particles inside the secondary particles of the degraded cathodes. The results provide direct visual evidence for the Li-rich cathode degradation mechanisms and demonstrate that the low-energy ptychography technique offers a superior approach for high-resolution battery material characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Sun
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Highway, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fuda Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongzhi Mao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Renzhong Tai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Highway, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jialuo Highway, Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Guangjie Shao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West-Da Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Jigang Zhou
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
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11
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Shapiro DA, Babin S, Celestre RS, Chao W, Conley RP, Denes P, Enders B, Enfedaque P, James S, Joseph JM, Krishnan H, Marchesini S, Muriki K, Nowrouzi K, Oh SR, Padmore H, Warwick T, Yang L, Yashchuk VV, Yu YS, Zhao J. An ultrahigh-resolution soft x-ray microscope for quantitative analysis of chemically heterogeneous nanomaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/51/eabc4904. [PMID: 33328228 PMCID: PMC7744074 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of chemical states and morphology in nanomaterials is central to many areas of science. We address this need with an ultrahigh-resolution scanning transmission soft x-ray microscope. Our instrument provides multiple analysis tools in a compact assembly and can achieve few-nanometer spatial resolution and high chemical sensitivity via x-ray ptychography and conventional scanning microscopy. A novel scanning mechanism, coupled to advanced x-ray detectors, a high-brightness x-ray source, and high-performance computing for analysis provide a revolutionary step forward in terms of imaging speed and resolution. We present x-ray microscopy with 8-nm full-period spatial resolution and use this capability in conjunction with operando sample environments and cryogenic imaging, which are now routinely available. Our multimodal approach will find wide use across many fields of science and facilitate correlative analysis of materials with other types of probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Shapiro
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Richard S Celestre
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weilun Chao
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Raymond P Conley
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Peter Denes
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bjoern Enders
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pablo Enfedaque
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Susan James
- Information Technology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John M Joseph
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Harinarayan Krishnan
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Krishna Muriki
- Information Technology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kasra Nowrouzi
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Advanced Quantum Testbed, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sharon R Oh
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Howard Padmore
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tony Warwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lee Yang
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Valeriy V Yashchuk
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Young-Sang Yu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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12
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Fu J, Wang K, Liu D, Zhang Z, Sui M, Yan P. b-Axis Phase Boundary Movement Induced (020) Plane Cracking in LiFePO 4. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39245-39251. [PMID: 32805876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase boundary movement accomplishing reversible LiFePO4/FePO4 biphasic transition is a fundamental Li-ion intercalation/deintercalation mechanism for LiFePO4 cathode. Phase boundary energetically favors crack nucleation and propagation; thus, postmortem observation on cracks becomes a feasible approach to investigate the phase-transition behavior and the Li-ion diffusion mechanism. The previously observed (200) plane cracks facilitate the "domino" diffusion model. Herein, our microscopic observations reveal another type of cracks along the (020) planes in a commercial LiFePO4 cathode cycled at moderate rates (0.1C, 0.33C, and 1C). Such (020) plane cracks are more detrimental to electrochemical performance because they can cut off the Li-ion diffusion pathway, causing inactive segments of LiFePO4. The (020) plane cracks indicate the LiFePO4/FePO4 phase boundary is along the (020) plane and moving along the b-axis during battery operation, which is a typical bulk diffusion-limited Li-ion diffusion behavior. Our observations stress that large LiFePO4 primary particle (>200 nm) not only aggravates cracking degradation but also switches the Li-ion diffusion mode to a slow bulk diffusion mechanism, plunging the overall battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Danmin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Manling Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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13
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Hirose M, Shimomura K, Higashino T, Ishiguro N, Takahashi Y. Nanoscale determination of interatomic distance by ptychography-EXAFS method using advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:455-461. [PMID: 32153284 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519017004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a combination technique of X-ray ptychography and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (ptychography-EXAFS) method, which can determine the interatomic distances of bulk materials at the nanoscale. In the high-resolution ptychography-EXAFS method, it is necessary to use high-intense coherent X-rays with a uniform wavefront in a wide energy range, hence a ptychographic measurement system installed with advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror focusing optics is developed and its performance is evaluated. Ptychographic diffraction patterns of micrometre-size MnO particles are collected by using this system at 139 energies between 6.504 keV and 7.114 keV including the Mn K absorption edge, and then the EXAFS of MnO is derived from the reconstructed images. By analyzing the EXAFS spectra obtained from a 48 nm × 48 nm region, the nanoscale bond lengths of the first and second coordination shells of MnO are determined. The present approach has great potential to elucidate the unclarified relationship among the morphology, electronic state and atomic arrangement of inhomogeneous bulk materials with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0855, Japan
| | - Kei Shimomura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0855, Japan
| | - Takaya Higashino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0855, Japan
| | - Nozomu Ishiguro
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yukio Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0855, Japan
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14
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Lu M, Yu F, Hu Y, Zaghib K, Schougaard SB, Wang Z, Zhou J, wang J, Goodenough J, Sham TK. Correlative imaging of ionic transport and electronic structure in nano Li0.5FePO4 electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:984-987. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bulk and surface phase separation and electronic structure variation of Li0.5FePO4 particles under concurrent lithiation are imaged by X-ray microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xiamen University of Technology
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Fuda Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- China
| | | | - Karim Zaghib
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage at Hydro Quebec
- Canada
| | | | - Zhenbo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- China
| | | | - Jian wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - John Goodenough
- Texas Materials Institute ETC 9.102
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - T. K. Sham
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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15
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Hirose M, Ishiguro N, Shimomura K, Nguyen DN, Matsui H, Dam HC, Tada M, Takahashi Y. Oxygen-diffusion-driven oxidation behavior and tracking areas visualized by X-ray spectro-ptychography with unsupervised learning. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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16
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Guo X, Song B, Yu G, Wu X, Feng X, Li D, Chen Y. Size-Dependent Memory Effect of the LiFePO 4 Electrode in Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41407-41414. [PMID: 30396271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Li-ion batteries, the phase transition usually determines the electrochemical kinetics of some two-phase electrode materials, and it can be adopted to excellently interpret the memory effect of Li-ion batteries, therefore the size dependence of phase transition was expected to affect the memory effect significantly. In this work, we investigated the memory effect and phase transition of olivine LiFePO4 in Li-ion batteries. Through electrochemical measurements, we found that the memory effect of LiFePO4 was dependent on the particle size, especially after a long-time relaxation. By using the in situ X-ray diffraction, we found that the phase transition of nano-LiFePO4 was ahead of the charging and discharging processes, while it took place concurrently or later for micro-LiFePO4, which might be attributed to the high-specific two-phase boundary of nano-LiFePO4. Furthermore, the phase-transition diagram was adopted to interpret the size-dependent memory effect schematically. Notably, it is the first time to report the phase transition ahead of (dis)charging for nano-LiFePO4, which is significant to understand the phase transition of two-phase electrode materials, as well as the relevant phenomena, such as the memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Bin Song
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Guoping Yu
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Xiaoya Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - De Li
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Hainan University , 58 Renmin Road , Haikou 570228 , China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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17
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Li Y, Chen H, Lim K, Deng HD, Lim J, Fraggedakis D, Attia PM, Lee SC, Jin N, Moškon J, Guan Z, Gent WE, Hong J, Yu YS, Gaberšček M, Islam MS, Bazant MZ, Chueh WC. Fluid-enhanced surface diffusion controls intraparticle phase transformations. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:915-922. [PMID: 30224783 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phase transformations driven by compositional change require mass flux across a phase boundary. In some anisotropic solids, however, the phase boundary moves along a non-conductive crystallographic direction. One such material is LiXFePO4, an electrode for lithium-ion batteries. With poor bulk ionic transport along the direction of phase separation, it is unclear how lithium migrates during phase transformations. Here, we show that lithium migrates along the solid/liquid interface without leaving the particle, whereby charge carriers do not cross the double layer. X-ray diffraction and microscopy experiments as well as ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that organic solvent and water molecules promote this surface ion diffusion, effectively rendering LiXFePO4 a three-dimensional lithium-ion conductor. Phase-field simulations capture the effects of surface diffusion on phase transformation. Lowering surface diffusivity is crucial towards supressing phase separation. This work establishes fluid-enhanced surface diffusion as a key dial for tuning phase transformation in anisotropic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Hungru Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Kipil Lim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Haitao D Deng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter M Attia
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norman Jin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jože Moškon
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zixuan Guan
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William E Gent
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jihyun Hong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Young-Sang Yu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- SUNCAT Interfacial Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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18
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Cogswell DA, Bazant MZ. Size-dependent phase morphologies in LiFePO4 battery particles. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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19
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Luo Y, De Jesus LR, Andrews JL, Parija A, Fleer N, Robles DJ, Mukherjee PP, Banerjee S. Roadblocks in Cation Diffusion Pathways: Implications of Phase Boundaries for Li-Ion Diffusivity in an Intercalation Cathode Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30901-30911. [PMID: 30106560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing intercalation of Li-ions brings about distortive structural transformations in several canonical intercalation hosts. Such phase transformations require the energy dissipative creation and motion of dislocations at the interface between the parent lattice and the nucleated Li-rich phase. Phase inhomogeneities within particles and across electrodes give rise to pronounced stress gradients, which can result in capacity fading. How such transformations alter Li-ion diffusivities remains much less explored. In this article, we use layered V2O5 as an intercalation host and examine the structural origins of the evolution of Li-ion diffusivities with phase progression upon electrochemical lithiation. Galvanostatic intermittent titration measurements show a greater than 4 orders of magnitude alteration of Li-ion diffusivity in V2O5 as a function of the extent of lithiation. Pronounced dips in Li-ion diffusivities are correlated with the presence of phase mixtures as determined by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, whereas monophasic regimes correspond to the highest Li-ion diffusivity values measured within this range. First-principles density functional theory calculations confirm that the variations in Li-ion diffusivity do not stem from intrinsic differences in diffusion pathways across the different lithiated V2O5 phases, which despite differences in the local coordination environments of Li-ions show comparable migration barriers. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy measurements indicate the stabilization of distinct domains reflecting the phase coexistence of multiple lithiated phases within individual actively intercalating particles. The results thus provide fundamental insight into the considerable ion transport penalties incurred as a result of phase boundaries formed within actively intercalating particles. The combination of electrochemical studies with ensemble structural characterization and single-particle X-ray imaging of phase boundaries demonstrates the profound impact of interfacial phenomena on macroscopic electrode properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Luis R De Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Justin L Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Abhishek Parija
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Nathan Fleer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Daniel Juarez Robles
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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20
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Propagation topography of redox phase transformations in heterogeneous layered oxide cathode materials. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30022082 PMCID: PMC6052144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox phase transformations are relevant to a number of metrics pertaining to the electrochemical performance of batteries. These phase transformations deviate from and are more complicated than the conventional theory of phase nucleation and propagation, owing to simultaneous changes of cationic and anionic valence states as well as the polycrystalline nature of battery materials. Herein, we propose an integrative approach of mapping valence states and constructing chemical topographies to investigate the redox phase transformation in polycrystalline layered oxide cathode materials under thermal abuse conditions. We discover that, in addition to the three-dimensional heterogeneous phase transformation, there is a mesoscale evolution of local valence curvatures in valence state topographies. The relative probability of negative and positive local valence curvatures alternates during the layered-to-spinel/rocksalt phase transformation. The implementation of our method can potentially provide a universal approach to study phase transformation behaviors in battery materials and beyond.
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21
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Yu YS, Farmand M, Kim C, Liu Y, Grey CP, Strobridge FC, Tyliszczak T, Celestre R, Denes P, Joseph J, Krishnan H, Maia FRNC, Kilcoyne ALD, Marchesini S, Leite TPC, Warwick T, Padmore H, Cabana J, Shapiro DA. Three-dimensional localization of nanoscale battery reactions using soft X-ray tomography. Nat Commun 2018; 9:921. [PMID: 29500344 PMCID: PMC5834601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Battery function is determined by the efficiency and reversibility of the electrochemical phase transformations at solid electrodes. The microscopic tools available to study the chemical states of matter with the required spatial resolution and chemical specificity are intrinsically limited when studying complex architectures by their reliance on two-dimensional projections of thick material. Here, we report the development of soft X-ray ptychographic tomography, which resolves chemical states in three dimensions at 11 nm spatial resolution. We study an ensemble of nano-plates of lithium iron phosphate extracted from a battery electrode at 50% state of charge. Using a set of nanoscale tomograms, we quantify the electrochemical state and resolve phase boundaries throughout the volume of individual nanoparticles. These observations reveal multiple reaction points, intra-particle heterogeneity, and size effects that highlight the importance of multi-dimensional analytical tools in providing novel insight to the design of the next generation of high-performance devices. Here the authors show the development of soft X-ray ptychographic tomography to quantify the electrochemical state and resolve phase boundaries throughout the volume of individual nano-particles from a composite battery electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Yu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Maryam Farmand
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chunjoong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam, 305-764, South Korea
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fiona C Strobridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rich Celestre
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter Denes
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John Joseph
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Harinarayan Krishnan
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A L David Kilcoyne
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Tony Warwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Howard Padmore
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - David A Shapiro
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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22
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Hirose M, Ishiguro N, Shimomura K, Burdet N, Matsui H, Tada M, Takahashi Y. Visualization of Heterogeneous Oxygen Storage Behavior in Platinum-Supported Cerium-Zirconium Oxide Three-Way Catalyst Particles by Hard X-ray Spectro-Ptychography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1474-1479. [PMID: 29230942 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cerium density and valence in micrometer-size platinum-supported cerium-zirconium oxide Pt/Ce2 Zr2 Ox (x=7-8) three-way catalyst particles were successfully mapped by hard X-ray spectro-ptychography (ptychographic-X-ray absorption fine structure, XAFS). The analysis of correlation between the Ce density and valence in ptychographic-XAFS images suggested the existence of several oxidation behaviors in the oxygen storage process in the Ce2 Zr2 Ox particles. Ptychographic-XAFS will open up the nanoscale chemical imaging and structural analysis of heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirose
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Nozomu Ishiguro
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kei Shimomura
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Nicolas Burdet
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Current address: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hirosuke Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Materials Science/Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Materials Science/Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yukio Takahashi
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
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23
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Hirose M, Ishiguro N, Shimomura K, Burdet N, Matsui H, Tada M, Takahashi Y. Visualization of Heterogeneous Oxygen Storage Behavior in Platinum‐Supported Cerium‐Zirconium Oxide Three‐Way Catalyst Particles by Hard X‐ray Spectro‐Ptychography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirose
- Department of Engineering Graduate School of Osaka University Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Nozomu Ishiguro
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Kei Shimomura
- Department of Engineering Graduate School of Osaka University Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Nicolas Burdet
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
- Current address: Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Hirosuke Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Materials Science/Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Mizuki Tada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Materials Science/Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yukio Takahashi
- Department of Engineering Graduate School of Osaka University Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
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24
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May BM, Yu YS, Holt MV, Strobridge FC, Boesenberg U, Grey CP, Cabana J. Nanoscale Detection of Intermediate Solid Solutions in Equilibrated Li xFePO 4 Microcrystals. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7364-7371. [PMID: 29166027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox-driven phase transformations in solids determine the performance of lithium-ion batteries, crucial in the technological transition from fossil fuels. Couplings between chemistry and strain define reversibility and fatigue of an electrode. The accurate definition of all phases in the transformation, their energetics, and nanoscale location within a particle produces fundamental understanding of these couplings needed to design materials with ultimate performance. Here we demonstrate that scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy (SXDM) extends our ability to image battery processes in single particles. In LiFePO4 crystals equilibrated after delithiation, SXDM revealed the existence of domains of miscibility between LiFePO4 and Li0.6FePO4. These solid solutions are conventionally thought to be metastable, and were previously undetected by spectromicroscopy. The observation provides experimental verification of predictions that the LiFePO4-FePO4 phase diagram can be altered by coherency strain under certain interfacial orientations. It enriches our understanding of the interaction between diffusion, chemistry, and mechanics in solid state transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Young-Sang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60441, United States
| | - Fiona C Strobridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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25
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Hong L, Li L, Chen-Wiegart YK, Wang J, Xiang K, Gan L, Li W, Meng F, Wang F, Wang J, Chiang YM, Jin S, Tang M. Two-dimensional lithium diffusion behavior and probable hybrid phase transformation kinetics in olivine lithium iron phosphate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1194. [PMID: 29084965 PMCID: PMC5662729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olivine lithium iron phosphate is a technologically important electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and a model system for studying electrochemically driven phase transformations. Despite extensive studies, many aspects of the phase transformation and lithium transport in this material are still not well understood. Here we combine operando hard X-ray spectroscopic imaging and phase-field modeling to elucidate the delithiation dynamics of single-crystal lithium iron phosphate microrods with long-axis along the [010] direction. Lithium diffusivity is found to be two-dimensional in microsized particles containing ~3% lithium-iron anti-site defects. Our study provides direct evidence for the previously predicted surface reaction-limited phase-boundary migration mechanism and the potential operation of a hybrid mode of phase growth, in which phase-boundary movement is controlled by surface reaction or lithium diffusion in different crystallographic directions. These findings uncover the rich phase-transformation behaviors in lithium iron phosphate and intercalation compounds in general and can help guide the design of better electrodes. Lithium transport and phase transformation kinetics in olivine LiFePO4 electrode remain not fully understood. Here the authors show that microsized olivine particles possess 2D lithium diffusivity and exhibit a possible hybrid mode of phase boundary migration upon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hong
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | | | - Jiajun Wang
- Photon Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kai Xiang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liyang Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Photon Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yet-Ming Chiang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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26
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Lin F, Liu Y, Yu X, Cheng L, Singer A, Shpyrko OG, Xin HL, Tamura N, Tian C, Weng TC, Yang XQ, Meng YS, Nordlund D, Yang W, Doeff MM. Synchrotron X-ray Analytical Techniques for Studying Materials Electrochemistry in Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13123-13186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94035, United States
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Oleg G. Shpyrko
- Department
of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Huolin L. Xin
- Center for
Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chixia Tian
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94035, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marca M. Doeff
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Hirose M, Shimomura K, Burdet N, Takahashi Y. Use of Kramers-Kronig relation in phase retrieval calculation in X-ray spectro-ptychography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8593-8603. [PMID: 28437937 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a method for reconstructing the complex-valued image of an object from diffraction intensities by using iterative phasing methods. X-ray ptychography is a scanning type of CDI using X-rays, allowing us to visualize the complex transmission function of an extended specimen. We here propose the use of the Kramers-Kronig relation (KKR) as an additional constraint in phase retrieval algorithms for multiple-energy X-ray ptychography using the absorption edge of a specific element. A numerical simulation showed that the speed of convergence was increased by using the improved algorithm with the KKR. We successfully demonstrated its usefulness in a proof-of-principle experiment at SPring-8. The present algorithm is particularly useful for imaging X-ray absorption fine structures of a specific element buried within thick samples by hard X-ray spectro-ptychography.
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28
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen L, Shi S, Liu J. Quantitative description on structure-property relationships of Li-ion battery materials for high-throughput computations. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:134-146. [PMID: 28458737 PMCID: PMC5402746 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1277503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries are a key technology for addressing the global challenge of clean renewable energy and environment pollution. Their contemporary applications, for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale power grids, stimulate the development of high-performance battery materials with high energy density, high power, good safety, and long lifetime. High-throughput calculations provide a practical strategy to discover new battery materials and optimize currently known material performances. Most cathode materials screened by the previous high-throughput calculations cannot meet the requirement of practical applications because only capacity, voltage and volume change of bulk were considered. It is important to include more structure-property relationships, such as point defects, surface and interface, doping and metal-mixture and nanosize effects, in high-throughput calculations. In this review, we established quantitative description of structure-property relationships in Li-ion battery materials by the intrinsic bulk parameters, which can be applied in future high-throughput calculations to screen Li-ion battery materials. Based on these parameterized structure-property relationships, a possible high-throughput computational screening flow path is proposed to obtain high-performance battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siqi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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29
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Phase transformation mechanism in lithium manganese nickel oxide revealed by single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14309. [PMID: 28145406 PMCID: PMC5296648 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the reaction pathway and kinetics of solid-state phase transformation is critical in designing advanced electrode materials with better performance and stability. Despite the first-order phase transition with a large lattice mismatch between the involved phases, spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 is capable of fast rate even at large particle size, presenting an enigma yet to be understood. The present study uses advanced two-dimensional and three-dimensional nano-tomography on a series of well-formed LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (0≤x≤1) crystals to visualize the mesoscale phase distribution, as a function of Li content at the sub-particle level. Inhomogeneity along with the coexistence of Li-rich and Li-poor phases are broadly observed on partially delithiated crystals, providing direct evidence for a concurrent nucleation and growth process instead of a shrinking-core or a particle-by-particle process. Superior kinetics of (100) facets at the vertices of truncated octahedral particles promote preferential delithiation, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material. As an intercalation electrode material for lithium ion batteries, spinel LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 possesses a metastable nature during the electrochemical operation. Here the authors reveal the phase transformation mechanism by using single-crystal hard X-ray microscopy to detect the local phase distribution.
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30
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Grey CP, Tarascon JM. Sustainability and in situ monitoring in battery development. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 16:45-56. [PMID: 27994251 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of improved rechargeable batteries represents a major technological challenge for this new century, as batteries constitute the limiting components in the shift from petrol (gasoline) powered to electric vehicles, while also enabling the use of more renewable energy on the grid. To minimize the ecological implications associated with their wider use, we must integrate sustainability of battery materials into our research endeavours, choosing chemistries that have a minimum footprint in nature and that are more readily recycled or integrated into a full circular economy. Sustainability and cost concerns require that we greatly increase the battery lifetime and consider second lives for batteries. As part of this, we must monitor the state of health of batteries continuously during operation to minimize their degradation. It is thus important to push the frontiers of operando techniques to monitor increasingly complex processes. In this Review, we will describe key advances in both more sustainable chemistries and operando techniques, along with some of the remaining challenges and possible solutions, as we personally perceive them.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - J M Tarascon
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute, 80039 Amiens, France
- Chimie du Solide-Energie, UMER 8260, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
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31
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Measuring spectroscopy and magnetism of extracted and intracellular magnetosomes using soft X-ray ptychography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8219-E8227. [PMID: 27930297 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610260114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the chemistry and magnetism of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is an important aspect of understanding the biomineralization mechanism and function of the chains of magnetosomes (Fe3O4 nanoparticles) found in such species. Images and X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of magnetosomes extracted from, and magnetosomes in, whole Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1 cells have been recorded using soft X-ray ptychography at the Fe 2p edge. A spatial resolution of 7 nm is demonstrated. Precursor-like and immature magnetosome phases in a whole MV-1 cell were visualized, and their Fe 2p spectra were measured. Based on these results, a model for the pathway of magnetosome biomineralization for MV-1 is proposed. Fe 2p X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra have been derived from ptychography image sequences recorded using left and right circular polarization. The shape of the XAS and XMCD signals in the ptychographic absorption spectra of both sample types is identical to the shape and signals measured with conventional bright-field scanning transmission X-ray microscope. A weaker and inverted XMCD signal was observed in the ptychographic phase spectra of the extracted magnetosomes. The XMCD ptychographic phase spectrum of the intracellular magnetosomes differed from the ptychographic phase spectrum of the extracted magnetosomes. These results demonstrate that spectro-ptychography offers a superior means of characterizing the chemical and magnetic properties of MTB at the individual magnetosome level.
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Wi S, Kim J, Lee S, Kang J, Kim KH, Park K, Kim K, Nam S, Kim C, Park B. Synthesis of LiMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 PO 4 Mesocrystals for High-Performance Li-Ion Cathode Materials. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Qi Z, Koenig GM. High-Performance LiCoO2Sub-Micrometer Materials from Scalable Microparticle Template Processing. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; 102 Engineers Way Charlottesville, VA 22904-4741 USA
| | - Gary M. Koenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; 102 Engineers Way Charlottesville, VA 22904-4741 USA
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34
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Lim J, Li Y, Alsem DH, So H, Lee SC, Bai P, Cogswell DA, Liu X, Jin N, Yu YS, Salmon NJ, Shapiro DA, Bazant MZ, Tyliszczak T, Chueh WC. Origin and hysteresis of lithium compositional spatiodynamics within battery primary particles. Science 2016; 353:566-71. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Marchesini S, Krishnan H, Daurer BJ, Shapiro DA, Perciano T, Sethian JA, Maia FRNC. SHARP: a distributed GPU-based ptychographic solver. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever brighter light sources, fast parallel detectors and advances in phase retrieval methods have made ptychography a practical and popular imaging technique. Compared to previous techniques, ptychography provides superior robustness and resolution at the expense of more advanced and time-consuming data analysis. By taking advantage of massively parallel architectures, high-throughput processing can expedite this analysis and provide microscopists with immediate feedback. These advances allow real-time imaging at wavelength-limited resolution, coupled with a large field of view. This article describes a set of algorithmic and computational methodologies used at the Advanced Light Source and US Department of Energy light sources. These are packaged as a CUDA-based software environment namedSHARP(http://camera.lbl.gov/sharp), aimed at providing state-of-the-art high-throughput ptychography reconstructions for the coming era of diffraction-limited light sources.
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36
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Mu X, Kobler A, Wang D, Chakravadhanula VSK, Schlabach S, Szabó DV, Norby P, Kübel C. Comprehensive analysis of TEM methods for LiFePO 4/FePO 4 phase mapping: spectroscopic techniques (EFTEM, STEM-EELS) and STEM diffraction techniques (ACOM-TEM). Ultramicroscopy 2016; 170:10-18. [PMID: 27475893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used intensively in investigating battery materials, e.g. to obtain phase maps of partially (dis)charged (lithium) iron phosphate (LFP/FP), which is one of the most promising cathode material for next generation lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. Due to the weak interaction between Li atoms and fast electrons, mapping of the Li distribution is not straightforward. In this work, we revisited the issue of TEM measurements of Li distribution maps for LFP/FP. Different TEM techniques, including spectroscopic techniques (energy filtered (EF)TEM in the energy range from low-loss to core-loss) and a STEM diffraction technique (automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM)), were applied to map the lithiation of the same location in the same sample. This enabled a direct comparison of the results. The maps obtained by all methods showed excellent agreement with each other. Because of the strong difference in the imaging mechanisms, it proves the reliability of both the spectroscopic and STEM diffraction phase mapping. A comprehensive comparison of all methods is given in terms of information content, dose level, acquisition time and signal quality. The latter three are crucial for the design of in-situ experiments with beam sensitive Li-ion battery materials. Furthermore, we demonstrated the power of STEM diffraction (ACOM-STEM) providing additional crystallographic information, which can be analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the LFP/FP interface properties such as statistical information on phase boundary orientation and misorientation between domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mu
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - A Kobler
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - V S K Chakravadhanula
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - S Schlabach
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D V Szabó
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - P Norby
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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37
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38
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Hong L, Liang L, Bhattacharyya S, Xing W, Chen LQ. Anisotropic Li intercalation in a Li(x)FePO4 nano-particle: a spectral smoothed boundary phase-field model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9537-43. [PMID: 26984175 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A spectral smoothed boundary phase-field model is implemented to study lithium (Li) intercalation in a LixFePO4 nano-particle immersed in a Li(+) rich electrolyte. It takes into account different physical processes on the particle surface, such as heterogeneous nucleation, Li flux and stress-free boundary conditions. We show the nucleation and growth of plate-like Li-rich crystallites along the (010) plane due to the high Li mobility along [001]. Since such plate-like crystallites, which are nucleated from (001) surfaces, align their phase boundaries along the (101) habit planes, a LixFePO4 nano-particle with prominent (010) and (001) surface facets and the longest axis length along [100] is proposed to exhibit great mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - L Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - W Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - L Q Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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39
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Saracibar A, Carrasco J, Saurel D, Galceran M, Acebedo B, Anne H, Lepoitevin M, Rojo T, Casas Cabanas M. Investigation of sodium insertion–extraction in olivine NaxFePO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) using first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13045-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00762g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular level investigation of sodium insertion–extraction in olivine NaxFePO4 as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Saracibar
- Physical Chemistry Department
- Basque Country University
- Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
| | - J. Carrasco
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
| | - D. Saurel
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
| | - M. Galceran
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
| | - B. Acebedo
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
| | - H. Anne
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
| | - M. Lepoitevin
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
| | - T. Rojo
- CIC-Energigune
- Parque Tecnológico de Alava
- Miñano
- Spain
- Inorganic Chemistry Deparment
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40
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Wi S, Kim J, Park K, Lee S, Kang J, Kim KH, Nam S, Kim C, Park B. Evaluation of graphene-wrapped LiFePO4 as novel cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-connected graphene sheets acted as a conductive network enabling LiFePO4 crystallites to be reached by electrons from omnidirectional paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungun Wi
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Jaewon Kim
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Kimin Park
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Sangheon Lee
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Joonhyeon Kang
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
| | - Seunghoon Nam
- Department of Nano Mechanics
- Nano Mechanical Systems Research Division
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM)
- Daejeon 34103
- Korea
| | - Chunjoong Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34134
- Korea
| | - Byungwoo Park
- WCU Hybrid Materials Program
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
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41
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Li Y, Meyer S, Lim J, Lee SC, Gent WE, Marchesini S, Krishnan H, Tyliszczak T, Shapiro D, Kilcoyne ALD, Chueh WC. Effects of Particle Size, Electronic Connectivity, and Incoherent Nanoscale Domains on the Sequence of Lithiation in LiFePO₄ Porous Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6591-6597. [PMID: 26423560 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution X-ray microscopy is used to investigate the sequence of lithiation in LiFePO4 porous electrodes. For electrodes with homogeneous interparticle electronic connectivity via the carbon black network, the smaller particles lithiate first. For electrodes with heterogeneous connectivity, the better-connected particles preferentially lithiate. Correlative electron and X-ray microscopy also reveal the presence of incoherent nanodomains that lithiate as if they are separate particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sophie Meyer
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William E Gent
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Advanced Light Source One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Harinarayan Krishnan
- Advanced Light Source One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Advanced Light Source One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Shapiro
- Advanced Light Source One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Arthur L David Kilcoyne
- Advanced Light Source One Cyclotron Road, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute of Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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42
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Liao L, Xie J, Zhang S, Cao G, Zhao X. Facile synthesis of nanostructured LiMnPO4 as a high-performance cathode material with long cycle life and superior rate capability. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-LiMnPO4/C exhibits superior rate capability and long cycling stability, sustaining stable cycling over 500 cycles at 10C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province
| | - Shichao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Gaoshao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province
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