1
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Yu C, Guo H. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study on Self-Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Nanocrystals: From Isotropic Cores to Anisotropic Cores. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1625-1635. [PMID: 37583059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanocrystals (PGNCs) is an important method to manufacture novel nanomaterials. Herein, we focus on the self-assembly of three types of PGNCs with differently shaped cores including sphere, octahedron, and cube by molecular dynamics simulation. By characterizing the positional and orientational order of the assembled superlattices, we construct the phase diagrams as a function of the grafting density and polymer chain length. For PGNCs with spherical cores, we observe the transition from the FCC phase to the BCC phase due to the packing entropy of the ligand polymer chains. For PGNCs with anisotropic cores, the close-packed FCC phase is replaced by the C-BCC phase (octahedral cores) or the C-triclinic phase (cubic cores) due to the directional entropy of core shape. We also study the assembly dynamics by tracking the time evolution of the positional and orientational order. We elucidate the relationship of grafting density and polymer chain length to the packing entropy and directional entropy and reveal their important effects on assembled structures. In general, our simulation results provide useful guidelines for the programmable assembly of PGNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Polymer Sciences and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Chen X, Vo T, Clancy P. A multiscale approach to uncover the self-assembly of ligand-covered palladium nanocubes. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8625-8634. [PMID: 37916973 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01140b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-mediated superlattice assemblies of metallic nanocrystals represent a new type of mesoscale materials whose structural ordering directly influence emergent collective properties. However, universal control over the spatial and orientational ordering of their constitutive components remains an open challenge. One major barrier contributing to the lack of programmability in these nanoscale building blocks revolves around a gap in fundamental understanding of how ligand-mediated interactions at the particle level propagate to macroscopic and mesoscale behaviors. Here, we employ a combination of scaling theory and coarse-grained simulations to develop a multiscale modeling framework capable of bridging across hierarchical assembly length scales for a model system of ligand-functionalized nanocubes (here, Pd). We first employ atomistic simulations to characterize how specific ligand-ligand interactions influence the local behaviors between neighboring Pd nanocubes. We then utilize a mean-field scaling theory to both rationalize the observed behaviors as well as compute a coarse-grained effective pairwise potential between nanocubes capable of reproducing atomistic behaviors at the mesoscale. Furthermore, our simulations reveal that a complex interplay between ligand-ligand interactions is directly responsible for a shift in macroscopic ordering between neighboring nanocubes. Our results, therefore, provides a critical step forward in establishing a multiscale understanding of ligand-functionalized nanocrystalline assemblies that can be subsequently leveraged to design targeted structures exhibiting novel, emergent collective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Thi Vo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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3
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Boehme S, Bodnarchuk MI, Burian M, Bertolotti F, Cherniukh I, Bernasconi C, Zhu C, Erni R, Amenitsch H, Naumenko D, Andrusiv H, Semkiv N, John RA, Baldwin A, Galkowski K, Masciocchi N, Stranks SD, Rainò G, Guagliardi A, Kovalenko MV. Strongly Confined CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots as Quantum Emitters and Building Blocks for Rhombic Superlattices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2089-2100. [PMID: 36719353 PMCID: PMC9933619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The success of the colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) field is rooted in the precise synthetic control of QD size, shape, and composition, enabling electronically well-defined functional nanomaterials that foster fundamental science and motivate diverse fields of applications. While the exploitation of the strong confinement regime has been driving commercial and scientific interest in InP or CdSe QDs, such a regime has still not been thoroughly explored and exploited for lead-halide perovskite QDs, mainly due to a so far insufficient chemical stability and size monodispersity of perovskite QDs smaller than about 7 nm. Here, we demonstrate chemically stable strongly confined 5 nm CsPbBr3 colloidal QDs via a postsynthetic treatment employing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide ligands. The achieved high size monodispersity (7.5% ± 2.0%) and shape-uniformity enables the self-assembly of QD superlattices with exceptional long-range order, uniform thickness, an unusual rhombic packing with an obtuse angle of 104°, and narrow-band cyan emission. The enhanced chemical stability indicates the promise of strongly confined perovskite QDs for solution-processed single-photon sources, with single QDs showcasing a high single-photon purity of 73% and minimal blinking (78% "on" fraction), both at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Max Burian
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hordii Andrusiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nazar Semkiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Abraham John
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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4
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Jenewein C, Schupp SM, Ni B, Schmidt-Mende L, Cölfen H. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Mesocrystals. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan M. Schupp
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Lukas Schmidt-Mende
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
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5
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Ni B, Gonzalez-Rubio G, Cölfen H. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals into 3D Binary Mesocrystals. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1599-1608. [PMID: 35679581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusBiominerals are unique materials found in many living organisms that often display outstanding functionalities attributed to their mesocrystalline structure. Mesocrystals are nanocrystal superstructures with mutual crystallographic alignment of the building units. One could thus imagine these optimized evolutionary systems as archetypes to fabricate advanced materials. The main advantage of such systems relies on their ability to combine the features of the nanocrystals with those of single crystalline microscopic structures, yielding assemblies with directional, enhanced, and potentially emergent properties. Moreover, fueled by the promises of multifunctional materials with unprecedented and tunable properties, the rational design of mesocrystals assembled from two distinct colloidal nanocrystal ensembles has become a recent focus of research. However, the combination of dissimilar nanocrystals into ordered binary superstructures is still a major scientific challenge due to the nature of the coassembly process.We focus this Account on the growth of tridimensional (3D) binary mesocrystals and the understanding of the self-assembly of two colloidal nanocrystal ensembles with the ultimate goal to serve as a basis for more rational mesocrystal syntheses in the future. The formation of mesocrystals demands nanocrystals with defined surface faceting, the primary factor influencing their oriented self-assembly. Notably, such a process cannot be successfully afforded without functionalized nanocrystals with high and, in many cases, tunable colloidal stability. Besides, the nature and solvation degree of the surface ligand shell influences the effective shape of the nanocrystals and the kinetics of self-assembly. If the assembly is triggered by reducing the colloidal stability with nonsolvents, 3D single-component mesocrystals are often grown. Here, the different magnitude of the van der Waals attraction forces between nanocrystals with differing compositions, dimensions, and morphologies generally favors the segregation and growth of single component mesocrystals. This phenomenon was illustrated during the successful preparation of 3D binary mesocrystals composed of iron oxide and platinum nanocubes. Although the building blocks possessed comparable sizes and were stabilized by similar ligands, the amount of the second component could only be arbitrarily tuned up to some extent, even when the assembly conditions were rationally optimized to achieve 3D binary mesocrystals. Only a small amount of it was effectively incorporated into the matrix of the initial mesocrystal. The 3D binary mesocrystal growth process demands a delicate control over the size, shape, and surface chemistry of the nanocrystals, the solvent nature, and the self-assembly process. Hence, the improvement of our ability to control the synthesis of 3D binary mesocrystalline materials is critical to exploit their potential toward technological applications in catalysis, energy storage, or structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ni
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78465 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Guillermo Gonzalez-Rubio
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78465 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78465 Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Lv ZP, Kapuscinski M, Járvás G, Yu S, Bergström L. Time-Resolved SAXS Study of Polarity- and Surfactant-Controlled Superlattice Transformations of Oleate-Capped Nanocubes During Solvent Removal. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106768. [PMID: 35523733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural transformations and lattice expansion of oleate-capped iron oxide nanocube superlattices are studied by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) during solvent removal. The combination of conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) theory with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling provides information on the solvent composition and polarity during droplet evaporation. Evaporation-driven poor-solvent enrichment in the presence of free oleic acid results in the formation of superlattices with a tilted face-centered cubic (fcc) structure when the polarity reaches its maximum. The tilted fcc lattice expands subsequently during the removal of the poor solvent and eventually transforms to a regular simple cubic (sc) lattice during the final evaporation stage when only free oleic acid remains. Comparative studies show that both the increase in polarity as the poor solvent is enriched and the presence of a sufficient amount of added oleic acid is required to promote the formation of structurally diverse superlattices with large domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Martin Kapuscinski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75103, Sweden
| | - Gábor Járvás
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, HU-8200, Hungary
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institute of Sweden, Lund, SE-22370, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
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7
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Nakagawa F, Saruyama M, Takahata R, Sato R, Matsumoto K, Teranishi T. In Situ Control of Crystallinity of 3D Colloidal Crystals by Tuning the Growth Kinetics of Nanoparticle Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5871-5877. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahata
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenshi Matsumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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8
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Khanal BP, Zubarev ER. Self-Assembly of Nanocrystals into Ring-like Superstructures: When Shape, Size, and Material Do Not Matter. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3896-3906. [PMID: 35298173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a universal method for the spontaneous self-assembly of nanostructures ranging from 2-4 nm spherical particles to ∼440 nm long anisotropic nanorods into ring-like superstructures. The nanostructures composed of Au, Pt, and Pd as surface materials were synthesized in an aqueous cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. The ligand exchange technique with 4-mercaptophenol was applied to replace CTAB from the surface of nanostructures with a functional thiol. The esterification reaction was carried out to covalently attach carboxy-terminated long-chain polystyrene (PS) molecules to the surface of nanostructures. The high grafting density of PS chains around nanocrystals made them highly soluble in a wide range of organic solvents. When a drop of nanostructure solution in a volatile nonpolar solvent was dried on a solid surface, the nanostructures spontaneously arranged themselves in the form of ring-like assemblies. The condensation of microscopic water droplets from the atmosphere on the surface of an evaporating solvent creates templates for the self-assembly of nanostructures into rings. We demonstrate that this self-assembly method is highly universal and can be extended to various nanostructures regardless of their shapes, sizes, and surface materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Khanal
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Kahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
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10
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Jenewein C, Avaro J, Appel C, Liebi M, Cölfen H. Binäre 3D‐Mesokristalle aus anisotropen Nanopartikeln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Fachbereich Chemie Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Zentrum für Röntgenanalytik Empa – Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Materialwissenschaft und Technologie Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Schweiz
| | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Zentrum für Röntgenanalytik Empa – Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Materialwissenschaft und Technologie Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Schweiz
- Fachbereich Physik Chalmers Universität für Technologie 41296 Göteborg Schweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Fachbereich Chemie Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Deutschland
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11
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Jenewein C, Avaro J, Appel C, Liebi M, Cölfen H. 3D Binary Mesocrystals from Anisotropic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112461. [PMID: 34669241 PMCID: PMC9298807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Binary mesocrystals offer the combination of nanocrystal properties in an ordered superstructure. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous self‐assembly of platinum and iron oxide nanocubes into micrometer‐sized 3D mesocrystals using the gas‐phase diffusion technique. By the addition of minor amounts of a secondary particle type tailored to nearly identical size, shape and surface chemistry, we were able to promote a random incorporation of foreign particles into a self‐assembling host lattice. The random distribution of the binary particle types on the surface and within its bulk has been visualized using advanced transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The 20–40 μm sized binary mesocrystals have been further characterized through wide and small angle scattering techniques to reveal a long‐range ordering on the atomic scale throughout the crystal while showing clear evidence that the material consists of individual building blocks. Through careful adjustments of the crystallization parameters, we could further obtain a reverse superstructure, where incorporated particles and host lattice switch roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany
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12
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Keßler S, Reinalter ER, Schmidt J, Cölfen H. Environmentally Benign Formation of Nickel Hexacyanoferrate-Derived Mesoframes for Heterogeneous Catalysis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102756. [PMID: 34685196 PMCID: PMC8537782 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)-controlled alkaline etching of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) mesocrystals is explored. The alkaline etching enables the formation of hollow framework structures with an increased surface area, the exposure of active Ni and Fe sites and the retention of morphology. The ambient reaction conditions enable the establishment of a sustainable production. Our work reveals novel perspectives on the eco-friendly synthesis of hollow and colloidal superstructures for the efficient degradation of the organic contaminants rhodamine-B and bisphenol-A. In the case of peroxomonosulfate (PMS)-mediated bisphenol-A degradation, the rate constant of the etched mesoframes was 10,000 times higher indicating their significant catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Keßler
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; (S.K.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Elrike R. Reinalter
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; (S.K.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 40, D-10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; (S.K.); (E.R.R.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Jenewein C, Cölfen H. Mesocrystals from Platinum Nanocubes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082122. [PMID: 34443951 PMCID: PMC8398057 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles are widely known for their numerous electrochemical and catalytic applications. Enhanced or novel properties that may arise when ordering such particles in a highly defined manner, however, are still subject to ongoing research, as superstructure formation on the mesoscale is still a major challenge to be overcome. In this work, we therefore established a reproducible method to fabricate micrometer-sized superstructures from platinum nanocubes. Through small-angle X-ray scattering and electron diffraction methods we demonstrate that the obtained superstructures have a high degree of ordering up to the atomic scale and, therefore, fulfill all criteria of a mesocrystal. By changing the solvent and stabilizer in which the platinum nanocubes were dispersed, we were able to control the resulting crystal habit of the mesocrystals. Aside from mesocrystal fabrication, this method can be further utilized to purify nanoparticle dispersions by recrystallization with respect to narrowing down the particle size distribution and removing contaminations.
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14
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Kahn JS, Gang O. Designer Nanomaterials through Programmable Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202105678. [PMID: 34128306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have long been recognized for their unique properties, leading to exciting potential applications across optics, electronics, magnetism, and catalysis. These specific functions often require a designed organization of particles, which includes the type of order as well as placement and relative orientation of particles of the same or different kinds. DNA nanotechnology offers the ability to introduce highly addressable bonds, tailor particle interactions, and control the geometry of bindings motifs. Here, we discuss how developments in structural DNA nanotechnology have enabled greater control over 1D, 2D, and 3D particle organizations through programmable assembly. This Review focuses on how the use of DNA binding between nanocomponents and DNA structural motifs has progressively allowed the rational formation of prescribed particle organizations. We offer insight into how DNA-based motifs and elements can be further developed to control particle organizations and how particles and DNA can be integrated into nanoscale building blocks, so-called "material voxels", to realize designer nanomaterials with desired functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Kahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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15
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Urbach ZJ, Park SS, Weigand SL, Rix JE, Lee B, Mirkin CA. Probing the Consequences of Cubic Particle Shape and Applied Field on Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Sarah S. Park
- Department of Chemistry International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Steven L. Weigand
- DND-CAT Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - James E. Rix
- DND-CAT Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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16
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Urbach ZJ, Park SS, Weigand SL, Rix JE, Lee B, Mirkin CA. Probing the Consequences of Cubic Particle Shape and Applied Field on Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4065-4069. [PMID: 33350557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a magnetic field, cubic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles exhibit assembly behavior that is a consequence of a competition between magnetic dipole-dipole and ligand interactions. In most cases, the interactions between short hydrophobic ligands dominate and dictate assembly outcome. To better tune the face-to-face interactions, cubic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with DNA. Their assembly behaviors were investigated both with and without an applied magnetic field. Upon application of a field, the tilted orientation of cubes, enabled by the flexible DNA ligand shell, led to an unexpected crystallographic alignment of the entire superlattice, as opposed to just the individual particles, along the field direction as revealed by small and wide-angle X-ray scattering. This observation is dependent upon DNA length and sequence and cube dimensions. Taken together, these studies show how combining physical and chemical control can expand the possibilities of crystal engineering with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Urbach
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sarah S Park
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Steven L Weigand
- DND-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - James E Rix
- DND-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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17
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Zhang WC, Luoshan MD, Wang PF, Huang CY, Wang QQ, Ding SJ, Zhou L. Growth of Porous Ag@AuCu Trimetal Nanoplates Assisted by Self-Assembly. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112207. [PMID: 33167463 PMCID: PMC7694533 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly process of metal nanoparticles has aroused wide attention due to its low cost and simplicity. However, most of the recently reported self-assembly systems only involve two or fewer metals. Herein, we first report a successful synthesis of self-assembled Ag@AuCu trimetal nanoplates in aqueous solution. The building blocks of multibranched AuCu alloy nanocrystals were first synthesized by a chemical reduction method. The growth of Ag onto the AuCu nanocrystals in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) induces a self-assembly process and formation of Ag@AuCu trimetal nanoplates. These nanoplates with an average side length of over 2 μm show a porous morphology and a very clear boundary with the branches of the as-prepared AuCu alloy nanocrystals extending out. The shape and density of the Ag@AuCu trimetal nanoplates can be controlled by changing the reaction time and the concentration of silver nitrate. The as-assembled Ag@AuCu nanoplates are expected to have the potential for wide-ranging applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and catalysis owing to their unique structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Cheng Zhang
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (W.-C.Z.); (M.-D.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Meng-Dai Luoshan
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (W.-C.Z.); (M.-D.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.-F.W.); (Q.-Q.W.)
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.-F.W.); (Q.-Q.W.)
| | - Chu-Yun Huang
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (W.-C.Z.); (M.-D.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Qu-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.-F.W.); (Q.-Q.W.)
| | - Si-Jing Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (S.-J.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.-F.W.); (Q.-Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.D.); (L.Z.)
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18
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Deng K, Huang X, Liu Y, Xu L, Li R, Tang J, Lei QL, Ni R, Li C, Zhao YS, Xu H, Wang Z, Quan Z. Supercrystallographic Reconstruction of 3D Nanorod Assembly with Collectively Anisotropic Upconversion Fluorescence. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7367-7374. [PMID: 32857525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructing three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials from functional nanoparticles endows them with emerging collective properties tailored by the packing geometries. Herein, we report 3D supercrystals self-assembled from upconversion nanorods (NaYF4:Yb,Er NRs), which exhibit both translational ordering of NRs and orientational ordering between constituent NRs in the superlattice (SL). The construction of 3D reciprocal space mappings (RSMs) based on synchrotron-based X-ray scattering measurements was developed to uncover the complex structure of such an assembly. That is, the two main orthogonal sets of hexagonal close-packing (hcp)-like SLs share the [110]SL axis, and NRs within the SL possess orientational relationships of [120]NR//[100]SL, [210]NR//[010]SL, and [001]NR//[001]SL. Notably, these supercrystals containing well-aligned NRs exhibit collectively anisotropic upconversion fluorescence in two perpendicular directions. This study not only demonstrates novel crystalline superstructures and functionality of NR-based 3D assemblies but also offers a unique tool for deciphering a wide range of complex nanoparticle supercrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yulian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ji Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qun-Li Lei
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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19
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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20
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Huang X, Wang Z. Supercrystallography-Based Decoding of Structure and Driving Force of Nanocrystal Assembly. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223771. [PMID: 31744175 PMCID: PMC6887775 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystal (NC) assembly appears as one promising method towards the controllable design and fabrication of advanced materials with desired property and functionality. The achievement of a “materials-by-design” requires not only a primary structural decoding of NC assembled supercrystal at a wide range of length scales, but also an improved understanding of the interactions and changeable roles of various driving forces over the course of nucleation and growth of NC superlattice. The recent invention of a synchrotron-based X-ray supercrystallographic approach makes it feasible to uncover the structural details of NC-assembled supercrystal at unprecedented levels from atomic through nano to mesoscale. Such structural documentations can be used to trace how various driving forces interact in a competitive way and thus change relatively in strength to govern the formation of individual superlattices under certain circumstances. This short review makes use of four single supercrystals typically made up of spherical, truncate, cubic and octahedral NCs, respectively, and provides a comparable description and a reasonable analysis of the use of a synchrotron-based supercrystallographic approach to reveal various degrees of translational and orientational ordering of NCs within various superlattices. In the connection of observed structural aspects with controlled environments of NC assembly, we further address how various driving forces interact each other to develop relatively changeable roles upon variation of the NC shape to respond to the nucleation and growth of various superlattices. With the guidance of such gained insights, we provide additional examples to illustrate how realistic environments are designed into delicate control of NC assembly to achieve particular interactions between NCs towards harvesting superlattice with NC translational symmetry and atomically crystallographic orientation as desired.
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21
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Wu S, Yang X, Janiak C. Confinement Effects in Zeolite‐Confined Noble Metals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12340-12354. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology (WHUT) Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology (WHUT) Wuhan 430070 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(SMSEGL) & School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University (SYSU) Zhuhai 519082 China
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University (HU) Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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22
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Phan HT, Haes AJ. What Does Nanoparticle Stability Mean? THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:16495-16507. [PMID: 31844485 PMCID: PMC6913534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The term "nanoparticle stability" is widely used to describe the preservation of a particular nanostructure property ranging from aggregation, composition, crystallinity, shape, size, and surface chemistry. As a result, this catch-all term has various meanings, which depend on the specific nanoparticle property of interest and/or application. In this feature article, we provide an answer to the question, "What does nanoparticle stability mean?". Broadly speaking, the definition of nanoparticle stability depends on the targeted size dependent property that is exploited and can only exist for a finite period of time given all nanostructures are inherently thermodynamically and energetically unfavorable relative to bulk states. To answer this question specifically, however, the relationship between nanoparticle stability and the physical/chemical properties of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed. Specific definitions are explored in terms of aggregation state, core composition, shape, size, and surface chemistry. Next, mechanisms of promoting nanoparticle stability are defined and related to these same nanoparticle properties. Metrics involving both kinetics and thermodynamics are considered. Methods that provide quantitative metrics for measuring and modeling nanoparticle stability in terms of core composition, shape, size, and surface chemistry are outlined. The stability of solution-phase nanoparticles are also impacted by aggregation state. Thus, collision and DLVO theories are discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in understanding what nanoparticle stability means are addressed to facilitate further studies with this important class of materials.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology (WHUT) Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of Technology (WHUT) Wuhan 430070 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(SMSEGL) & School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat-sen University (SYSU) Zhuhai 519082 China
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University (HU) Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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24
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Lu F, Vo T, Zhang Y, Frenkel A, Yager KG, Kumar S, Gang O. Unusual packing of soft-shelled nanocubes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2399. [PMID: 31114807 PMCID: PMC6524981 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Space-filling generally governs hard particle packing and the resulting phases and interparticle orientations. Contrastingly, hard-shaped nanoparticles with grafted soft-ligands pack differently since the energetically interacting soft-shell is amenable to nanoscale sculpturing. While the interplay between the shape and soft-shell can lead to unforeseen packing effects, little is known about the underlying physics. Here, using electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering, we demonstrate that nanoscale cubes with soft, grafted DNA shells exhibit remarkable packing, distinguished by orientational symmetry breaking of cubes relative to the unit cell vectors. This zigzag arrangement occurs in flat body-centered tetragonal and body-centered cubic phases. We ascribe this unique arrangement to the interplay between shape and a spatially anisotropic shell resulting from preferential grafting of ligands to regions of high curvature. These observations reveal the decisive role played by shell-modulated anisotropy in nanoscale packing and suggest a plethora of new spatial organizations for molecularly decorated shaped nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Thi Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yugang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Alex Frenkel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Sanat Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.K.); (O.G.)
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25
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Zablotsky D, Rusevich LL, Zvejnieks G, Kuzovkov V, Kotomin E. Manifestation of dipole-induced disorder in self-assembly of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nanocubes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7293-7303. [PMID: 30938394 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal processing of nearly monodisperse and highly crystalline single-domain ferroelectric or ferromagnetic nanocubes is a promising route to produce superlattice structures for integration into next-generation devices, whereas controlling the local behaviour of nanocrystals is imperative for fabricating highly-ordered assemblies. The current picture of nanoscale polarization in individual nanocrystals suggests a potential presence of a significant dipolar interaction, but its role in the condensation of nanocubes is unknown. We simulate the self-assembly of colloidal dipolar nanocubes under osmotic compression and perform the microstructural characterization of their densified ensembles. Our results indicate that the long-range positional and orientational correlations of perovskite nanocubes are highly sensitive to the presence of dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Zablotsky
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
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26
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Huang X, Zhu J, Ge B, Deng K, Wu X, Xiao T, Jiang T, Quan Z, Cao YC, Wang Z. Understanding Fe 3O 4 Nanocube Assembly with Reconstruction of a Consistent Superlattice Phase Diagram. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3198-3206. [PMID: 30685973 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocube (NC) assemblies display complex superlattice behaviors, which require a systematic understanding of their nucleation and growth as well transformation toward construction of a consistent superlattice phase diagram. This work made use of Fe3O4 NCs with controlled environments, and assembled NCs into three-dimensional (3D) superlattices of simple cubic (sc), body-centered cubic (bcc), and face-centered cubic (fcc), acute and obtuse rhombohedral (rh) polymorphs, and 2D superlattices of square and hexagon. Controlled experiments and computations of in situ and static small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as well as electron microscopic imaging revealed that the fcc and bcc polymorphs preferred a primary nucleation at the early stage of NC assembly, which started from the high packing planes of fcc(111) and bcc(110), respectively, in both 3D and 2D cases. Upon continuous growth of superlattice grain (or domain), a confinement stress appeared and distorted fcc and bcc into acute and obtuse rh polymorphs, respectively. The variable magnitudes of competitive interactions between configurational and directional entropy determine the primary superlattice polymorph of either fcc or bcc, while emergent enhancement of confinement effect on enlarged grains attributes to late developed superlattice transformations. Differently, the formation of a sc polymorph requires a strong driving force that either emerges simultaneously or is applied externally so that one easy case of the sc formation can be achieved in 2D thin films. Unlike the traditional Bath deformation pathway that involves an intermediate body-centered tetragonal lattice, the observed superlattice transformations in NC assembly underwent a simple rhombohedral distortion, which was driven by a growth-induced in-plane compressive stress. Establishment of a consistent phase diagram of NC-based superlattices and reconstruction of their assembly pathways provide critical insight and a solid base for controlled design and scalable fabrication of nanocube-based functional materials with desired superlattices and collective properties for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) , Beijing 100090 , P. R. China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei , 230601 Anhui , P. R. China
| | - Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Tianyuan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Y Charles Cao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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27
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Pileni MP. Au Supracrystal Growth Processes: Unexpected Morphologies. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Pileni
- Sorbonne University, Department of Chemistry, 4 place Jussieu 75005, Paris, France
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28
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Wei W, Wang Y, Ji J, Zuo S, Li W, Bai F, Fan H. Fabrication of Large-Area Arrays of Vertically Aligned Gold Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4467-4472. [PMID: 29940113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic nanoparticles, such as nanorods and nanoprisms, enable packing of complex nanoparticle structures with different symmetry and assembly orientation, which result in unique functions. Despite previous extensive efforts, formation of large areas of oriented or aligned nanoparticle structures still remains a great challenge. Here, we report fabrication of large-area arrays of vertically aligned gold nanorods (GNR) through a controlled evaporation deposition process. We began with a homogeneous suspension of GNR and surfactants prepared in water. During drop casting on silicon substrates, evaporation of water progressively enriched the concentrations of the GNR suspension, which induces the balance between electrostatic interactions and entropically driven depletion attraction in the evaporating solution to produce large-area arrays of self-assembled GNR on the substrates. Electron microscopy characterizations revealed the formation of layers of vertically aligned GNR arrays that consisted of hexagonally close-packed GNR in each layer. Benefiting from the close-packed GNR arrays and their smooth topography, the GNR arrays exhibited a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal for molecular detection at a concentration as low as 10-15 M. Because of the uniformity in large area, the GNR arrays exhibited exceptional detecting reproducibility and operability. This method is scalable and cost-effective and could lead to diverse packing structures and functions by variation of guest nanoparticles in the suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Juanjuan Ji
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Shanshan Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications , Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87106 , United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
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Formation of self-assembled gold nanoparticle supercrystals with facet-dependent surface plasmonic coupling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2365. [PMID: 29915321 PMCID: PMC6006263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles, such as gold and silver nanoparticles, can self-assemble into highly ordered arrays known as supercrystals for potential applications in areas such as optics, electronics, and sensor platforms. Here we report the formation of self-assembled 3D faceted gold nanoparticle supercrystals with controlled nanoparticle packing and unique facet-dependent optical property by using a binary solvent diffusion method. The nanoparticle packing structures from specific facets of the supercrystals are characterized by small/wide-angle X-ray scattering for detailed reconstruction of nanoparticle translation and shape orientation from mesometric to atomic levels within the supercrystals. We discover that the binary diffusion results in hexagonal close packed supercrystals whose size and quality are determined by initial nanoparticle concentration and diffusion speed. The supercrystal solids display unique facet-dependent surface plasmonic and surface-enhanced Raman characteristics. The ease of the growth of large supercrystal solids facilitates essential correlation between structure and property of nanoparticle solids for practical integrations. Macroscopically large supercrystals are very difficult to assemble from metallic nanoparticles. Here, the authors use a binary solvent diffusion method to form sub-millimeter gold nanoparticle supercrystals with rare hcp symmetry, and discover that they exhibit facet-dependent optical properties.
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30
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Wang D, Hermes M, Kotni R, Wu Y, Tasios N, Liu Y, de Nijs B, van der Wee EB, Murray CB, Dijkstra M, van Blaaderen A. Interplay between spherical confinement and particle shape on the self-assembly of rounded cubes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2228. [PMID: 29884884 PMCID: PMC5994693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) inside drying emulsion droplets provides a general strategy for hierarchical structuring of matter at different length scales. The local orientation of neighboring crystalline NPs can be crucial to optimize for instance the optical and electronic properties of the self-assembled superstructures. By integrating experiments and computer simulations, we demonstrate that the orientational correlations of cubic NPs inside drying emulsion droplets are significantly determined by their flat faces. We analyze the rich interplay of positional and orientational order as the particle shape changes from a sharp cube to a rounded cube. Sharp cubes strongly align to form simple-cubic superstructures whereas rounded cubes assemble into icosahedral clusters with additionally strong local orientational correlations. This demonstrates that the interplay between packing, confinement and shape can be utilized to develop new materials with novel properties. Colloidal nanoparticles self-assembled under spherical confinement can form a rich variety of structures. Here, the authors study the self-assembly of sharp and rounded nanocubes under such confinement, revealing the influence of particle and face geometry on positional and orientational behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel Hermes
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramakrishna Kotni
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yaoting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nikos Tasios
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Liu
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Nijs
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernest B van der Wee
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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31
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Yin T, Fang Y, Chong WK, Ming KT, Jiang S, Li X, Kuo JL, Fang J, Sum TC, White TJ, Yan J, Shen ZX. High-Pressure-Induced Comminution and Recrystallization of CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 Nanocrystals as Large Thin Nanoplates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705017. [PMID: 29178658 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High pressure (HP) can drive the direct sintering of nanoparticle assemblies for Ag/Au, CdSe/PbS nanocrystals (NCs). Instead of direct sintering for the conventional nanocrystals, this study experimentally observes for the first time high-pressure-induced comminution and recrystallization of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals into highly luminescent nanoplates with a shorter carrier lifetime. Such novel pressure response is attributed to the unique structural nature of hybrid perovskites under high pressure: during the drastic cubic-orthorhombic structural transformation at ≈2 GPa, (301) the crystal plane fully occupied by organic molecules possesses a higher surface energy, triggering the comminution of nanocrystals into nanoslices along such crystal plane. Beyond bulk perovskites, in which pressure-induced modifications on crystal structures and functional properties will disappear after pressure release, the pressure-formed variants, i.e., large (≈100 nm) and thin (<10 nm) perovskite nanoplates, are retained and these exhibit simultaneous photoluminescence emission enhancing (a 15-fold enhancement in the photoluminescence) and carrier lifetime shortening (from ≈18.3 ± 0.8 to ≈7.6 ± 0.5 ns) after releasing of pressure from 11 GPa. This pressure-induced comminution of hybrid perovskite NCs and a subsequent amorphization-recrystallization treatment offer the possibilities of engineering the advanced hybrid perovskites with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yin
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Yanan Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Wee Kiang Chong
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU, ERI@N, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Koh Teck Ming
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jiye Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Timothy J White
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Jiaxu Yan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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32
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Wang Z, Bian K, Nagaoka Y, Fan H, Cao YC. Regulating Multiple Variables To Understand the Nucleation and Growth and Transformation of PbS Nanocrystal Superlattices. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14476-14482. [PMID: 28953387 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) can self-assemble into ordered superlattices with collective properties, but the ability for controlling NC assembly remains poorly understandable toward achievement of desired superlattice. This work regulates several key variables of PbS NC assembly (e.g., NC concentration and solubility, solvent type, evaporation rate, seed mediation and thermal treatment), and thoroughly exploits the nucleation and growth as well as subsequent superlattice transformation of NC assembles and underneath mechanisms. PbS NCs in toluene self-assemble into a single face-centered-cubic (fcc) and body-centered-cubic (bcc) superlattice, respectively, at concentrations ≤17.5 and ≥70 mg/mL, but an intermediate concentration between them causes the coexistence of the two superlattices. Differently, NCs in hexane or chloroform self-assemble into only a single bcc superlattice. Distinct controls of NC assembly in solvent with variable concentrations confirm the NC concentration/solubility mediated nucleation and growth of superlattice, in which an evaporation-induced local gradient of NC concentration causes simultaneous nucleation of the two superlattices. The observation for the dense packing planes of NCs in fast growing fcc rather than bcc reveals the difference of entropic driving forces responsible for the two distinct superlattices. Decelerating the solvent evaporation does not amend the superlattice symmetry, but improves the superlattice crystallinity. In addition to shrinking the superlattice volume, thermal treatment also transforms the bcc to an fcc superlattice at 175 °C. Through a seed-meditated growth, the concentration-dependent superlattice does not change lattice symmetry over the course of continuous growth, whereas the newly nucleated secondary small nuclei through a concentration change have relatively higher surface energy and quickly dissolve in solution, providing additional NC sources for the ripening of the primarily nucleated larger and stable seeds. The observations under multiple controls of assembly parameters not only provide insights into the nucleation and growth as well as transformation of various superlattice polymorphs but also lay foundation for controlled fabrication of desired superlattice with tailored property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaifu Bian
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory , 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Yasutaka Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hongyou Fan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Advanced Materials Laboratory , 1001 University Boulevard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States.,Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Y Charles Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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33
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Abstract
In this review, we briefly summarize the history of mesocrystal research. We introduce the current structural definition of mesocrystals and discuss the appropriate base for the classification of mesocrystals and their relations with other classes of solid state materials in terms of their structure. Building up on this, we comment on the problems in mesocrystal research both fundamental and methodological. Additionally, we make the short overview of the mesocrystal formation principles and synthetic routes used for their fabrications. As an outlook into the future, we highlight the most notable trends in mesocrystal research and developments.
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34
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Sperling M, Gradzielski M. Droplets, Evaporation and a Superhydrophobic Surface: Simple Tools for Guiding Colloidal Particles into Complex Materials. Gels 2017; 3:E15. [PMID: 30920512 PMCID: PMC6318646 DOI: 10.3390/gels3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of complexly structured and shaped supraparticles can be achieved by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) starting from colloidal dispersions deposited on a solid surface; often a superhydrophobic one. This versatile and interesting approach allows for generating rather complex particles with corresponding functionality in a simple and scalable fashion. The versatility is based on the aspect that basically one can employ an endless number of combinations of components in the colloidal starting solution. In addition, the structure and properties of the prepared supraparticles may be modified by appropriately controlling the evaporation process, e.g., by external parameters. In this review, we focus on controlling the shape and internal structure of such supraparticles, as well as imparted functionalities, which for instance could be catalytic, optical or electronic properties. The catalytic properties can also result in self-propelling (supra-)particles. Quite a number of experimental investigations have been performed in this field, which are compared in this review and systematically explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Sperling
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische & Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Sekr. TC7, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Abstract
Solid-solid phase transitions are the most ubiquitous in nature, and many technologies rely on them. However, studying them in detail is difficult because of the extreme conditions (high pressure/temperature) under which many such transitions occur and the high-resolution equipment needed to capture the intermediate states of the transformations. These difficulties mean that basic questions remain unanswered, such as whether so-called diffusionless solid-solid transitions, which have only local particle rearrangement, require thermal activation. Here, we introduce a family of minimal model systems that exhibits solid-solid phase transitions that are driven by changes in the shape of colloidal particles. By using particle shape as the control variable, we entropically reshape the coordination polyhedra of the particles in the system, a change that occurs indirectly in atomic solid-solid phase transitions via changes in temperature, pressure, or density. We carry out a detailed investigation of the thermodynamics of a series of isochoric, diffusionless solid-solid phase transitions within a single shape family and find both transitions that require thermal activation or are "discontinuous" and transitions that occur without thermal activation or are "continuous." In the discontinuous case, we find that sufficiently large shape changes can drive reconfiguration on timescales comparable with those for self-assembly and without an intermediate fluid phase, and in the continuous case, solid-solid reconfiguration happens on shorter timescales than self-assembly, providing guidance for developing means of generating reconfigurable colloidal materials.
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36
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Treml BE, Savitzky BH, Tirmzi AM, DaSilva JC, Kourkoutis LF, Hanrath T. Successive Ionic Layer Absorption and Reaction for Postassembly Control over Inorganic Interdot Bonds in Long-Range Ordered Nanocrystal Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13500-13507. [PMID: 28368112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxially connected assemblies of nanocrystals (NCs) present an interesting new class of nanomaterial in which confinement of charge carriers is intermediate between that of a quantum dot and a quantum well. Despite impressive advances in the formation of high-fidelity assemblies, predicted collective properties have not yet emerged. A critical knowledge gap toward realizing these properties is the current lack of understanding of and control over the formation of epitaxial interdot bonds connecting the NCs within the assemblies. In this work we demonstrate successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) to enhance the interdot bonding within the NC assembly. SILAR treatment improved the fraction of interdot bonds from 82% to 91% and increased their width from 3.1 to 4.0 nm. Absorption spectra and charge transport measurements indicate that the effect of postassembly growth on quantum confinement in this system depends on the composition of the SILAR shell material. Increased NC film conductance following SILAR processing indicates that building and strengthening interdot bonds lead to increased electronic coupling and doping in the assemblies. The postassembly film growth detailed here presents an opportunity to repair structural defects and to tailor the balance of quantum confinement and interdot coupling in epitaxially connected NC assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Treml
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ∥School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ⊥Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, and #Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Benjamin H Savitzky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ∥School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ⊥Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, and #Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ali M Tirmzi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ∥School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ⊥Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, and #Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jessica Cimada DaSilva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ∥School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ⊥Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, and #Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ∥School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ⊥Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, and #Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tobias Hanrath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ∥School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ⊥Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, and #Robert Fredrick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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37
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Yang PW, Thoka S, Lin PC, Su CJ, Sheu HS, Huang MH, Jeng US. Tracing the Surfactant-Mediated Nucleation, Growth, and Superpacking of Gold Supercrystals Using Time and Spatially Resolved X-ray Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3253-3261. [PMID: 28288275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth process of gold supercrystals in a surfactant diffusion approach is followed by simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), supplemented with scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that supercrystal nucleation can be activated efficiently upon placing a concentrated surfactant solution of a nematic phase on top of a gold nanocrystal solution droplet trapped in the middle of a vertically oriented capillary tube. Supercrystal nuclei comprised of tens of gold nanocubes are observed nearly instantaneously in the broadened liquid-liquid interface zone of a steep gradient of surfactant concentration, revealing a diffusion-kinetics-controlled nucleation process. Once formed, the nuclei can sediment into the naoncrystal zone below, and grow efficiently into cubic or tetragonal supercrystals of ∼1 μm size within ∼100 min. Supercrystals matured during sedimentation in the capillary can accumulate and face-to-face align at the bottom liquid-air interface of the nanocrystal droplet. This is followed by superpacking of the supercrystals into highly oriented hierarchical sheets, with a huge number of gold nanocubes aligned for largely coherent crystallographic orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Chang Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Michael H Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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38
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Meijer JM, Pal A, Ouhajji S, Lekkerkerker HNW, Philipse AP, Petukhov AV. Observation of solid-solid transitions in 3D crystals of colloidal superballs. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14352. [PMID: 28186101 PMCID: PMC5309858 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organization in anisotropic colloidal suspensions leads to a fascinating range of crystal and liquid crystal phases induced by shape alone. Simulations predict the phase behaviour of a plethora of shapes while experimental realization often lags behind. Here, we present the experimental phase behaviour of superball particles with a shape in between that of a sphere and a cube. In particular, we observe the formation of a plastic crystal phase with translational order and orientational disorder, and the subsequent transformation into rhombohedral crystals. Moreover, we uncover that the phase behaviour is richer than predicted, as we find two distinct rhombohedral crystals with different stacking variants, namely hollow-site and bridge-site stacking. In addition, for slightly softer interactions we observe a solid-solid transition between the two. Our investigation brings us one step closer to ultimately controlling the experimental self-assembly of superballs into functional materials, such as photonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne-Mieke Meijer
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antara Pal
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Samia Ouhajji
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk N. W. Lekkerkerker
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. Philipse
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei V. Petukhov
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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39
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Gong J, Newman RS, Engel M, Zhao M, Bian F, Glotzer SC, Tang Z. Shape-dependent ordering of gold nanocrystals into large-scale superlattices. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14038. [PMID: 28102198 PMCID: PMC5253678 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of individual building blocks into highly ordered structures, analogous to spontaneous growth of crystals from atoms, is a promising approach to realize the collective properties of nanocrystals. Yet the ability to reliably produce macroscopic assemblies is unavailable and key factors determining assembly quality/yield are not understood. Here we report the formation of highly ordered superlattice films, with single crystalline domains of up to half a millimetre in two dimensions and thickness of up to several microns from nanocrystals with tens of nanometres in diameter. Combining experimental and computational results for gold nanocrystals in the shapes of spheres, cubes, octahedra and rhombic dodecahedra, we investigate the entire self-assembly process from disordered suspensions to large-scale ordered superlattices induced by nanocrystal sedimentation and eventual solvent evaporation. Our findings reveal that the ultimate coherence length of superlattices strongly depends on nanocrystal shape. Factors inhibiting the formation of high-quality large-scale superlattices are explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Gong
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Richmond S. Newman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael Engel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Man Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institutes of Applied Physics, No. 239, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Sharon C. Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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40
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Zhang J, Zhu J, Li R, Fang J, Wang Z. Entropy-Driven Pt 3Co Nanocube Assembles and Thermally Mediated Electrical Conductivity with Anisotropic Variation of the Rhombohedral Superlattice. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:362-367. [PMID: 27936796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the shape-dependent superlattices and resultant anisotropies of both structure and property allows for rational design of materials processing and engineering to fabricate transformative materials with useful properties for applications. This work shows the structural evolution from square lattice of two-dimensional (2D) thin film to rhombic lattice of large three-dimensional (3D) assembles of Pt3Co nanocubes (NCs). Synchrotron-based X-ray supercrystallography determines the superlattice of large 3D supercrystal into an obtuse rhombohedral (Rh) symmetry, which holds a long-range coherence of both NC translation and atomic crystallographic orientation. The Rh superlattice has a trigonal cell angle of 104°, and the constitute NCs orient their atomic Pt3Co(111) planes to the superlattice Rh[111] direction. The temperature-dependent in situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements reveal a thermally induced superlattice contraction of supercrystal, which maintains translational ordering but slightly develops orientational disordering. The observed increases of both the packing density and the rotation magnitude of NCs indicate a rational compromise between configurational and rotational entropies of NCs. The resultant minimization of the total free energy is responsible for the formation and stability of the obtuse Rh superlattice. The temperature-dependent in situ measurements of SAXS and electrical resistance reveal that, in conjunction with the thermally induced sharp contraction of superlattice at 160 °C, the supercrystal becomes measurable of electrical resistance, which was followed by a temperature-dependent linear increase. Upon rapid annealing from 250 °C, the supercrystal remains almost constant in both structure and electrical resistance. The heating-enabled electrical conductivity of the supercrystal at high temperature implies the formation of a NC-interconnected architecture. The experiments and overall analysis provide solid evidence and essential information for the use of shape-dependent structural anisotropies of supercrystal to create nanobased novel architecture with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada , Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology and Advanced Research , Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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41
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Cordeiro MAL, Leite ER, Stach EA. Controlling the Formation and Structure of Nanoparticle Superlattices through Surface Ligand Behavior. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11606-11614. [PMID: 27673391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tailoring of nanoparticle superlattices is fundamental to the design of novel nanostructured materials and devices. To obtain specific collective properties of these nanoparticle superlattices, reliable protocols for their self-assembly are required. This study provides insight into the self-assembly process by using oleate-covered CeO2 nanoparticles (cubic and polyhedral shapes) through the correlation of experimental and theoretical investigations. The self-assembly of CeO2 nanoparticles is controlled by tuning the colloid deposition parameters (temperature and evaporation rate), and the ordered structures so obtained were correlated to the Gibbs free energy variation of the system. The analysis of the interparticle force contributions for each structure showed the importance of both the effective ligand mean size and its Flory-Huggins parameter in determining the total potential energies. Additionally, the roles of ligand solubility and effective mean size were used to understand the formation of specific superlattice phases as a function of temperature and ligand accommodation in the arrangement. Furthermore, the face-to-face interactions between nanoparticles were correlated to the type of exposed crystallographic facet in each particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A L Cordeiro
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Edson R Leite
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos , 13565-905 Sao Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Eric A Stach
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
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42
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Paterson S, Thompson SA, Gracie J, Wark AW, de la Rica R. Self-assembly of gold supraparticles with crystallographically aligned and strongly coupled nanoparticle building blocks for SERS and photothermal therapy. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6232-6237. [PMID: 30034763 PMCID: PMC6024203 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02465c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method is introduced for self-assembling citrate-capped gold nanoparticles into supraparticles with crystallographically aligned building blocks. It consists in confining gld nanoparticles inside a cellulose acetate membrane. The constituent nanoparticles are in close contact in the superstructure, and therefore generate hot spots leading to intense Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) signals. They also generate more plasmonic heat than the nanoparticle building blocks. The supraparticles are internalized by cells and show low cytotoxicity, but can kill cancer cells when irradiated with a laser. This, along with the improved plasmonic properties arising from their assembly, makes the gold supraparticles promising materials for applications in bioimaging and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paterson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Technology and Innovation Centre , 99 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1RD , Scotland , UK .
| | - S A Thompson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Technology and Innovation Centre , 99 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1RD , Scotland , UK .
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Hunter College-City University of New York , New York 10065 , USA
| | - J Gracie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Technology and Innovation Centre , 99 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1RD , Scotland , UK .
| | - A W Wark
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Technology and Innovation Centre , 99 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1RD , Scotland , UK .
| | - R de la Rica
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , Technology and Innovation Centre , 99 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1RD , Scotland , UK .
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43
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Boles MA, Engel M, Talapin DV. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Intricate Structures to Functional Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11220-89. [PMID: 27552640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1049] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical methods developed over the past two decades enable preparation of colloidal nanocrystals with uniform size and shape. These Brownian objects readily order into superlattices. Recently, the range of accessible inorganic cores and tunable surface chemistries dramatically increased, expanding the set of nanocrystal arrangements experimentally attainable. In this review, we discuss efforts to create next-generation materials via bottom-up organization of nanocrystals with preprogrammed functionality and self-assembly instructions. This process is often driven by both interparticle interactions and the influence of the assembly environment. The introduction provides the reader with a practical overview of nanocrystal synthesis, self-assembly, and superlattice characterization. We then summarize the theory of nanocrystal interactions and examine fundamental principles governing nanocrystal self-assembly from hard and soft particle perspectives borrowed from the comparatively established fields of micrometer colloids and block copolymer assembly. We outline the extensive catalog of superlattices prepared to date using hydrocarbon-capped nanocrystals with spherical, polyhedral, rod, plate, and branched inorganic core shapes, as well as those obtained by mixing combinations thereof. We also provide an overview of structural defects in nanocrystal superlattices. We then explore the unique possibilities offered by leveraging nontraditional surface chemistries and assembly environments to control superlattice structure and produce nonbulk assemblies. We end with a discussion of the unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of ordered nanocrystal superlattices, and the coming advances required to make use of this new class of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boles
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91052 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Lab , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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44
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Fang C, Zhao J, Zhao G, Kuai L, Geng B. Simultaneous tunable structure and composition of PtAg alloyed nanocrystals as superior catalysts. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14971-14978. [PMID: 27465607 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02643e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PtAg alloyed nanostructural catalysts were firstly prepared by co-reduction of AgNO3 and H2PtCl6 precursors in growth solution using a seed-mediated method. By simply changing the molar ratio of the metal precursors, the morphologies of the porous alloyed nanocrystals can be tuned from multipetals to multioctahedra. Simultaneously, the alloy composition can be varied from Pt76Ag24 to Pt66Ag34. The catalytic properties of the prepared PtAg alloyed nanocrystals with a tunable structure and composition were tentatively examined by choosing the reduction of 4-nitrophenol with NaBH4. The reaction rate normalized to the concentration of catalysts was calculated to be 318.9 s(-1) mol(-1) L and 277.4 s(-1) mol(-1) L for Pt70Ag30 and Pt66Ag34 porous catalysts, which is much higher than the pure Pt catalysts. Moreover, PtAg nanostructures can also serve as efficient electrocatalysts toward the methanol oxidation reaction, especially for Pt70Ag30 and Pt66Ag34 porous nanocrystals. The electrocatalytic activity and the durability were both highly enhanced compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, we also investigated the enhancement mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Guili Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Long Kuai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
| | - Baoyou Geng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
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45
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Tan R, Zhu H, Cao C, Chen O. Multi-component superstructures self-assembled from nanocrystal building blocks. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9944-61. [PMID: 27136751 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01662f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
More than three decades of intensive study to make high-quality nanocrystals have created a unique toolbox for building multi-component superstructures, which have been recognized as a new generation of metamaterials important to both fundamental sciences and applied technologies. This minireview summarizes recent advances in this exciting field. We will focus our discussion on the synthetic strategies and superstructures of this multi-component metamaterial, and highlight their novel properties and potential applications. Additionally, some perspectives on possible developments in this field are offered at the end of this review. We hope that this minireview will both inform and stimulate research interests for the design and fabrication of these nanocrystal-based multi-component metamaterials for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Li R, Zhang J, Tan R, Gerdes F, Luo Z, Xu H, Hollingsworth JA, Klinke C, Chen O, Wang Z. Competing Interactions between Various Entropic Forces toward Assembly of Pt3Ni Octahedra into a Body-Centered Cubic Superlattice. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2792-9. [PMID: 26977777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic nanocrystal assembled supercrystals with open superlattices (SLs) manifest novel and unique properties, but poor understanding of the nucleation/growth mechanisms limits their design and fabrication for practical applications. Using highly anisotropic Pt3Ni octahedral nanocrystals, we have grown large single supercrystals with an open body-centered cubic (bcc) superlattice that has a low filling factor of 26.8%. Synchrotron-based X-ray structural reconstruction fully revealed the coherence of translational and orientational orderings and determined that the constituent octahedra arrange themselves with the vertex-to-vertex and face-to-face configurations along the SL[100] and SL[111] directions, respectively. The large face-to-face separation and flexible vertex-to-vertex elastic contact provided the rattle space and supporting axis for local rotations of Pt3Ni octahedra within the bcc superlattice. Development of orientational disordering along with robust preservation of translational ordering during the heating process of a supercrystal in the oleic acid wetting environment confirmed the dominance of rotational entropy of hard octahedra in the formation of the open bcc superlattice. Ultimate achievement of dynamic equilibrium between the vertex-oriented elastic repulsions and the face-oriented attractions of surface-coating ligands governs the structural and mechanical stability of the supercrystal. This discovery provides significant insights into the design and control of geometrical shapes for the fabrication of highly anisotropic nanocrystals into desired open superlattices with tailored optical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Li
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Frauke Gerdes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiping Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Fayetteville State University , Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
| | | | | | - Christian Klinke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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Abstract
X-ray scattering is a structural characterization tool that has impacted diverse fields of study. It is unique in its ability to examine materials in real time and under realistic sample environments, enabling researchers to understand morphology at nanometer and angstrom length scales using complementary small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), respectively. Herein, we focus on the use of SAXS to examine nanoscale particulate systems. We provide a theoretical foundation for X-ray scattering, considering both form factor and structure factor, as well as the use of correlation functions, which may be used to determine a particle's size, size distribution, shape, and organization into hierarchical structures. The theory is expanded upon with contemporary use cases. Both transmission and reflection (grazing incidence) geometries are addressed, as well as the combination of SAXS with other X-ray and non-X-ray characterization tools. We conclude with an examination of several key areas of research where X-ray scattering has played a pivotal role, including in situ nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle assembly, and operando studies of catalysts and energy storage materials. Throughout this review we highlight the unique capabilities of X-ray scattering for structural characterization of materials in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew J Senesi
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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48
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Zhu J, Quan Z, Wang C, Wen X, Jiang Y, Fang J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Xu H. Structural evolution and mechanical behaviour of Pt nanoparticle superlattices at high pressure. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5214-5218. [PMID: 26878810 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High pressure is an effective means for tuning the interparticle distances of nanoparticle (NP) superlattices and thus for modifying their physical properties and functionalities. In this work, we determined the evolution of inter-NP distances of a Pt NP superlattice with increasing pressure using an in situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the microstructures of pre- and post-compression samples. Our results demonstrate that the evolution of Pt NP assemblies with increasing pressure consists of four stages: (1) ligand elastic response, (2) uniform compression, (3) ligand detachment from NP surfaces, and (4) deviatoric compression of ligands between neighboring NPs. By controlling the magnitudes of applied pressure and deviatoric stress, one can sinter NPs into novel architectures such as nanowires and nanoceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
| | - Z Quan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - X Wen
- Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Y Jiang
- TEM Laboratory, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - J Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Z Wang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
| | - H Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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49
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Dai LX, Wang XY, Zheng XY, Zhang YW. Pt and Pt–Rh supercrystals self-assembled in N,N-dimethylformamide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5023-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) serves as the facet-specific agent for the formation of a cubic shape and the structure-directing agent for the self-assembly of Pt and Pt–Rh building blocks of the supercrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xiu Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Xiao-Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
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50
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Goubet N, Albouy PA, Thompson A, Pileni MP. Polymorphism in nanoparticle-based crystals depending upon their single or polycrystalline character. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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