1
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Wang S, Han Z, Zhang L, Shi Y, Cao S, Chen Y, Deng Z, Yang X, Li J, Sun B. Indeno[3,2- b]carbazole-Based Small Molecule Layer Enables Optimized Carrier Transport for PbS Quantum Dot NIR Photodetectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6750-6757. [PMID: 38912792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have garnered considerable attention for photodetectors (PDs), attributable to exceptional photoelectric properties and ease solution-based processing. However, the prevalent use of 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) as a hole transport layer (HTL) has limitations, such as energy level discrepancies, requisite oxidation, and intricate multilayer assembly. Organic p-type materials, lauded for their superior attributes and synthetic versatility, are now stepping forward as viable substitutes for conventional EDT HTLs. In this work, we introduced an organic HTL derived from indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, named ZL004, leading to a marked improvement in carrier generation and collection, facilitated by the optimized band alignment and enhanced interfacial charge dynamics. The ZL004-based PDs exhibit a photoresponsivity of 0.45 A/W, a noise current of 1.8 × 10-11 A Hz-0.5, a specific detectivity of 4.6 × 109 Jones, and an expansive linear dynamic range of 107 dB─surpassing EDT-based devices across the board, demonstrating the extraordinary property of organic p-type materials for CQD-based PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zeyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Deng
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xichuan Yang
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junyu Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Park J, Han HS. Organoborane Se and Te Precursors for Controlled Modulation of Reactivity in Nanomaterial Synthesis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15487-15498. [PMID: 38842500 PMCID: PMC11269524 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To exploit the distinctive optoelectrical properties of nanomaterials, precise control over the size, morphology, and interface structure is essential. Achieving a controlled synthesis demands precursors with tailored reactivity and optimal reaction temperatures. Here, we introduce organoborane-based selenium and tellurium precursors borabicyclononane-selenol (BBN-SeH) and tellurol (BBN-TeH). The reactivity of these precursors can be modified by commercially available additives, covering a wide range of intermediate reactivity and filling significant reactivity gaps in existing options. By allowing systematic adjustment of growth conditions, they achieve the controlled growth of quantum dots of various sizes and materials. Operating via a surface-assisted conversion mechanism, these precursors rely on surface coordination for activation and undergo quantitative deposition on coordinating surfaces. These properties allow precise control over the radial distribution and density of different chalcogenide atoms within the nanoparticles. Diborabicyclononanyl selane ((BBN)2Se), an intermediate from the BBN-SeH synthesis, can also serve as a selenium precursor. While BBN-SeH suppresses nucleation, (BBN)2Se exhibits efficient nucleation under specific conditions. By leveraging these distinct activation behaviors, we achieved a controlled synthesis of thermally stable nanoplates with different thicknesses. This study not only bridges critical reactivity gaps but also provides a systematic methodology for precise nanomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhyuck Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Medical Life Sciences and Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Li F, Shaw S, Libby C, Preciado N, Bicer B, Tamizhmani G. A review of toxicity assessment procedures of solar photovoltaic modules. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:646-665. [PMID: 38159503 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental management of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is attracting attention as a growing number of field-operated PV modules approach end of life (EoL). PV modules may contain small amounts of toxic metals, and the procedures for assessing and regulating the toxic metal content and release of such materials at EoL differ widely across nations. This paper provides an overview of the metal composition of PV modules and common procedures for toxicity assessment through extensive research and review of technical literature and legislative documents. This review focuses on three primary aspects: first, it explores the distribution of toxic elements within current and emerging PV module designs, with a specific focus on obtaining representative samples for proportional toxicity testing within different module laminate areas. Second, it examines a sampling standard and the diverse toxicity testing methods and regulations employed in various regions, encompassing standards like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Test Method 1311 (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP) in the U.S., Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) in Europe, and the Waste Extraction Test (WET) in California. Third, the review examines the sources of variability in toxicity testing outcomes, including techniques for securing homogeneous samples from non-uniform PV modules, selecting particle sizes representative of landfill conditions in extracted samples, determining appropriate leachate characteristics such as leaching agents and pH levels, and considering factors like test duration and temperatures. In summary, this review summarizes relevant regulations and offers a comprehensive overview of the strengths and limitations associated with several toxicity assessment procedures currently in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
| | | | | | - Nini Preciado
- Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Bulent Bicer
- Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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4
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Schenk FM, Zellweger T, Kumaar D, Bošković D, Wintersteller S, Solokha P, De Negri S, Emboras A, Wood V, Yarema M. Phase-Change Memory from Molecular Tellurides. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1063-1072. [PMID: 38117038 PMCID: PMC10786157 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Phase-change memory (PCM) is an emerging memory technology based on the resistance contrast between the crystalline and amorphous states of a material. Further development and realization of PCM as a mainstream memory technology rely on innovative materials and inexpensive fabrication methods. Here, we propose a generalizable and scalable solution-processing approach to synthesize phase-change telluride inks in order to meet demands for high-throughput material screening, increased energy efficiency, and advanced device architectures. Bulk tellurides, such as Sb2Te3, GeTe, Sc2Te3, and TiTe2, are dissolved and purified to obtain inks of molecular metal telluride complexes. This allowed us to unlock a wide range of solution-processed ternary tellurides by the simple mixing of binary inks. We demonstrate accurate and quantitative composition control, including prototype materials (Ge-Sb-Te) and emerging rare-earth-metal telluride-doped materials (Sc-Sb-Te). Spin-coating and annealing convert ink formulations into high-quality, phase-pure telluride films with preferred orientation along the (00l) direction. Deposition engineering of liquid tellurides enables thickness-tunable films, infilling of nanoscale vias, and film preparation on flexible substrates. Finally, we demonstrate cyclable and non-volatile prototype memory devices, achieving performance indicators such as resistance contrast and low reset energy on par with state-of-the-art sputtered PCM layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Schenk
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Till Zellweger
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dhananjeya Kumaar
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darijan Bošković
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Wintersteller
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavlo Solokha
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Serena De Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alexandros Emboras
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Yarema
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Liao C, Tang L, Jia Y, Sun S, Yang H, Xu J, Gu Z. Slow Auger Recombination in Ag 2Se Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9865-9871. [PMID: 37871258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient Auger recombination (AR) presents a significant challenge for the advancement of colloidal quantum dot (QD)-based devices involving multiexcitons. Here, the AR dynamics of near-infrared Ag2Se QDs were studied through transient absorption experiments. As the QD radius increases from 0.9 to 2.5 nm, the biexciton lifetime (τ2) of Ag2Se QDs increases from 35 to 736 ps, which is approximately 10 times longer than that of comparable-sized CdSe and PbSe QDs. A qualitative analysis based on observables indicates that the slow Auger rate is primarily attributed to the low density of the final states. The biexciton lifetime and triexciton lifetime (τ3) of Ag2Se QDs follow R3 and R2.6 dependence, respectively. Moreover, the ratio of τ2/τ3 is ∼2.3-3.2, which is markedly lower than the value expected from statistical scaling (4.5). These findings suggest that environmentally friendly Ag2Se QDs can serve as excellent candidates for low-threshold lasers and third-generation photovoltaics utilizing carrier multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luping Tang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yunzhe Jia
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaoling Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zixuan Gu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Jin H, Livache C, Kim WD, Diroll BT, Schaller RD, Klimov VI. Spin-exchange carrier multiplication in manganese-doped colloidal quantum dots. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1013-1021. [PMID: 37443379 PMCID: PMC10390332 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Carrier multiplication is a process whereby a kinetic energy of a carrier relaxes via generation of additional electron-hole pairs (excitons). This effect has been extensively studied in the context of advanced photoconversion as it could boost the yield of generated excitons. Carrier multiplication is driven by carrier-carrier interactions that lead to excitation of a valence-band electron to the conduction band. Normally, the rate of phonon-assisted relaxation exceeds that of Coulombic collisions, which limits the carrier multiplication yield. Here we show that this limitation can be overcome by exploiting not 'direct' but 'spin-exchange' Coulomb interactions in manganese-doped core/shell PbSe/CdSe quantum dots. In these structures, carrier multiplication occurs via two spin-exchange steps. First, an exciton generated in the CdSe shell is rapidly transferred to a Mn dopant. Then, the excited Mn ion undergoes spin-flip relaxation via a spin-conserving pathway, which creates two excitons in the PbSe core. Due to the extremely fast, subpicosecond timescales of spin-exchange interactions, the Mn-doped quantum dots exhibit an up-to-threefold enhancement of the multiexciton yield versus the undoped samples, which points towards the considerable potential of spin-exchange carrier multiplication in advanced photoconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Clément Livache
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Whi Dong Kim
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have generated tremendous interest because of their solution processability and robust tunability. Among such nanocrystals, the colloidal quantum dot (CQD) draws the most attention for its well-known quantum size effects. In the last decade, applications of CQDs have been booming in electronics and optoelectronics, especially in photovoltaics. Electronically doped semiconductors are critical in the fabrication of solar cells, because carefully designed band structures are able to promote efficient charge extraction. Unlike conventional semiconductors, diffusion and ion implantation technologies are not suitable for doping CQDs. Therefore, researchers have creatively developed alternative doping methods for CQD materials and devices. In order to provide a state-of-the-art summary and comprehensive understanding to this research community, we focused on various doping techniques and their applications for photovoltaics and demystify them from different perspectives. By analyzing two classes of CQDs, lead chalcogenide CQDs and perovskite CQDs, we compared different working scenarios of each technique, summarized the development in this field, and raised our own future perspectives.
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8
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Bai Y, Hao M, Ding S, Chen P, Wang L. Surface Chemistry Engineering of Perovskite Quantum Dots: Strategies, Applications, and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105958. [PMID: 34643300 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of surface ligands not only plays a key role in keeping the colloidal integrity and non-defective surface of metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), but also serves as a knob to tune their optoelectronic properties for a variety of exciting applications including solar cells and light-emitting diodes. However, these indispensable surface ligands may also deteriorate the stability and key properties of PQDs due to their highly dynamic binding and insulating nature. To address these issues, a number of innovative surface chemistry engineering approaches have been developed in the past few years. Based on an in-depth fundamental understanding of the surface atomistic structure and surface defect formation mechanism in the tiny nanoparticles, a critical overview focusing on the surface chemistry engineering of PQDs including advanced colloidal synthesis, in-situ surface passivation, and solution-phase/solid-state ligand exchange is presented, after which their unprecedented achievements in photovoltaics and other optoelectronics are presented. The practical hurdles and future directions are critically discussed to inspire more rational design of PQD surface chemistry toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mengmeng Hao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Shanshan Ding
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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9
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Marri I, Ossicini S. Multiple exciton generation in isolated and interacting silicon nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12119-12142. [PMID: 34250528 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of renewable energy is the development of novel nanostructured solar cell devices which implement low-dimensional materials to overcome the limits of traditional photovoltaic systems. For optimal energy conversion in photovoltaic devices, one important requirement is that the full energy of the solar spectrum is effectively used. In this context, the possibility of exploiting features and functionalities induced by the reduced dimensionality of the nanocrystalline phase, in particular by the quantum confinement of the electronic density, can lead to a better use of the carrier excess energy and thus to an increment of the thermodynamic conversion efficiency of the system. Carrier multiplication, i.e. the generation of multiple electron-hole pairs after absorption of one single high-energy photon (with energy at least twice the energy gap of the system), can be exploited to maximize cell performance, promoting a net reduction of loss mechanisms. Over the past fifteen years, carrier multiplication has been recorded in a large variety of semiconductor nanocrystals and other nanostructures. Owing to the role of silicon in solar cell applications, the mission of this review is to summarize the progress in this fascinating research field considering carrier multiplication in Si-based low-dimensional systems, in particular Si nanocrystals, both from the experimental and theoretical point of view, with special attention given to the results obtained by ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Marri
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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10
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Liu J, Xian K, Ye L, Zhou Z. Open-Circuit Voltage Loss in Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008115. [PMID: 34085736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) have received considerable attention due to their broad and tunable absorption and high stability. Presently, lead chalcogenide CQDSC has achieved a power conversion efficiency of ≈14%. However, the state-of-the-art lead chalcogenide CQDSC still has an open-circuit voltage (Voc ) loss of ≈0.45 V, which is significantly higher than those of c-Si and perovskite solar cells. Such high Voc loss severely limits the performance improvement and commercialization of lead chalcogenide CQDSCs. In this review, the Voc loss is first analyzed via detailed balance theory and the origin of Voc loss from both solar absorber and interface is summarized. Subsequently, various strategies for improving the Voc from the solar absorber, including the passivation strategies during the synthesis and ligand exchange are overviewed. The great impact of the ligand exchange process on CQD passivation is highlighted and the corresponding strategies to further reduce the Voc loss are summarized. Finally, various strategies are discussed to reduce interface Voc loss from charge transport layers. More importantly, the great potential of achieving performance breakthroughs via various organic hole transport layers is highlighted and the existing challenges toward commercialization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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11
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Asil D, Haciefendioğlu T. Aspect ratio dependent air stability of PbSe nanorods and photovoltaic applications. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:905-913. [PMID: 34385875 PMCID: PMC8326480 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of unique strategies to overcome Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit in solar cells has gained a great deal of interest. Multiple exciton generation (MEG) process has been considered as one of the best approaches to the SQ limitation. In this respect, PbSe quantum dots (QDs) and nanorods (NRs) have been regarded as promising solar energy harvesting materials owing to their noticeable MEG yields. Although air stability has been regarded as one of the main disadvantage of PbSe QDs, no study has pointed out to the air sensitivity of PbSe NRs yet. Here, we reveal the effect of aspect ratio on air sensitivity and optical properties of PbSe NRs and discover that NRs with higher aspect ratios are more air stable, attributed to the reduced density of NR ends with air sensitive {100} facets. Furthermore, a band offset was created by utilization of tetrabutylammonium iodide and 1,2-ethanedithiol ligands in cell designs. We found that solar cells based on pristine PbSe NRs are limited by low open circuit voltages due to leakage current pathways. On the other hand, modified cells comprising light absorbing layers prepared by blending NRs and QDs and hole transporting QD layer exhibit a 10-fold improvement in solar cell efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Asil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Turkey.,The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Turkey.,Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Turkey.,Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tuğba Haciefendioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Turkey
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12
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Zhang S, Wang J, Wen S, Jiang M, Xiao H, Ding X, Wang N, Li M, Zu X, Li S, Yam C, Huang B, Qiao L. Approaching Charge Separation Efficiency to Unity without Charge Recombination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:176401. [PMID: 33988439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.176401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of charge separation (CS) and charge transport (CT) is essential for almost all optoelectronic applications, yet its maximization remains a big challenge. Here we propose a conceptual strategy to achieve CS efficiency close to unity and simultaneously avoid charge recombination (CR) during CT in a ferroelectric polar-discontinuity (PD) superlattice structure, as demonstrated in (BaTiO_{3})_{m}/(BiFeO_{3})_{n}, which is fundamentally different from the existing mechanisms. The competition of interfacial dipole and ferroelectric PD induces opposite band bending in BiFeO_{3} and BaTiO_{3} sublattices. Consequently, the photoexcited electrons (e) and holes (h) in individual sublattices move forward to the opposite interfaces forming electrically isolated e and h channels, leading to a CS efficiency close to unity. Importantly, the spatial isolation of conduction channels in (BaTiO_{3})_{m}/(BiFeO_{3})_{n} enable suppression of CR during CT, thus realizing a unique band diagram for spatially orthogonal CS and CT. Remarkably, (BaTiO_{3})_{m}/(BiFeO_{3})_{n} can maintain a high photocurrent and large band gap simultaneously. Our results provide a fascinating illumination for designing artificial heterostructures toward ideal CS and CT in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Menglu Li
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaotao Zu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales Australia
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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13
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Gao R, Kodaimati MS, Yan D. Recent advances in persistent luminescence based on molecular hybrid materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5564-5589. [PMID: 33690765 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01463j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular persistently luminescent materials have received recent attention due to their promising applications in optical displays, biological imaging, chemical sensing, and security systems. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in establishing persistently luminescent materials-specifically focusing on materials composed of molecular hybrids for the first time. We describe the main strategies for synthesizing these hybrid materials, namely: (i) inorganics/organics, (ii) organics/organics, and (iii) organics/polymer systems and demonstrate how molecular hybrids provide synergistic effects, while improving luminescence lifetimes and efficiencies. These hybrid materials promote new methods for tuning key physical properties such as singlet-triplet excited state energies by controlling the chemical interactions and molecular orientations in the solid state. We review new advances in these materials from the perspective of examining experimental and theoretical approaches to room-temperature phosphorescence and thermally-activated delayed fluorescence. Finally, this review concludes by summarizing the current challenges and future opportunities for these hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Melnychuk
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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16
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Löning M, Lombez L, Guillemoles JF, Suchet D. A Bayesian approach to luminescent down-conversion. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014201. [PMID: 33412880 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon conversion embodies a range of promising possibilities in pushing the theoretical Shockley-Queisser efficiency model of classical solar cells. Luminescent down-conversion, despite its potential, is held back in practical applications due to the difficulty of proper characterization in no small part because of concurrent luminescent downshifting events. Recent advances have demonstrated the opportunity provided by photon correlation measurement for down-conversion characterization. In this methodological work, we present a general method based on Bayesian probabilities for deriving auto-correlation functions analytically. This method is then applied to the five down-conversion mechanisms reported in the literature and successfully tested against numerical simulations. We show that the zero delay auto-correlation function can be the most direct way to demonstrate down-conversion and assess its efficiency. Our analysis offers additional useful tools for the design of characterization experiments and emphasizes some universal behavior valid for all reported conversion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Löning
- CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique UMR 9006, Institut Photovoltaique d'Ile de France (IPVF), Palaiseau, France
| | | | - J-F Guillemoles
- CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique UMR 9006, Institut Photovoltaique d'Ile de France (IPVF), Palaiseau, France
| | - D Suchet
- CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique UMR 9006, Institut Photovoltaique d'Ile de France (IPVF), Palaiseau, France
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17
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Shuklov IA, Mikhel IS, Nevidimov AV, Birin KP, Dubrovina NV, Lizunova AA, Razumov VF. Mechanistic Insights into the Synthesis of Telluride Colloidal Quantum Dots with Trioctylphosphine‐Tellurium. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Shuklov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Ntl. Res. Univ.) Institutskii per. 9 141700 Dolgoprudny Russia
| | - Igor S. Mikhel
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 31/4 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander V. Nevidimov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Ac. Semenov avenue 1 142432 Chernogolovka Russia
| | - Kirill P. Birin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 31/4 119071 Moscow Russia
| | | | - Anna A. Lizunova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Ntl. Res. Univ.) Institutskii per. 9 141700 Dolgoprudny Russia
| | - Vladimir F. Razumov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Ntl. Res. Univ.) Institutskii per. 9 141700 Dolgoprudny Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 31/4 119071 Moscow Russia
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18
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Pussi K, Barbiellini B, Ohara K, Carbo-Argibay E, Kolen'ko YV, Bansil A, Kamali S. Structural properties of PbTe quantum dots revealed by high-energy x-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:485401. [PMID: 32726769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaa80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-energy x-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) experiments combined with an analysis based on atomic-pair-distribution functions can be an effective tool for probing low-dimensional materials. Here, we show how such an analysis can be used to gain insight into structural properties of PbTe nanoparticles (NPs). We interpret our HE-XRD data using an orthorhombic Pnma phase of PbTe, which is an orthorhombic distortion of the rocksalt phase. Although local crystal geometry can vary substantially with particle size at scales below 10 nm, and for very small NPs the particle size itself influences x-ray diffraction patterns, our study shows that HE-XRD can provide a unique nano-characterization tool for unraveling structural properties of nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pussi
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - B Barbiellini
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - K Ohara
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - E Carbo-Argibay
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Y V Kolen'ko
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - A Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - S Kamali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States of America
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19
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Numerical Analysis of the Detailed Balance of Multiple Exciton Generation Solar Cells with Nonradiative Recombination. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the nonradiative recombination impact of multiple exciton generation solar cells (MEGSCs) with a revised detailed balance (DB) limit. The nonideal quantum yield (QY) of a material depends on the surface defects or the status of the material. Thus, its QY shape deviates from the ideal QY because of carrier losses. We used the ideal reverse saturation current variation in the DB of MEGSCs to explain the impact of nonradiative recombination. We compared ideal and nonideal QYs with the nonradiative recombination into the DB of MEGSCs under one-sun and full-light concentration. Through this research, we seek to develop a strategy to maintain MEGSC performance.
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20
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Aynehband S, Mohammadi M, Thorwarth K, Hany R, Nüesch FA, Rossell MD, Pauer R, Nunzi JM, Simchi A. Solution Processing and Self-Organization of PbS Quantum Dots Passivated with Formamidinium Lead Iodide (FAPbI 3). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15746-15754. [PMID: 32637850 PMCID: PMC7331203 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) are very attractive as NIR-active semiconductors for the fabrication of cost-efficient optoelectronic devices. To control the thin film carrier transport, as well as stability, surface passivation is of crucial importance. Here, we present the successful surface passivation of PbS QDs by the formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) ligand. An effective procedure for the fabrication of FAPbI3-passivated PbS QDs through a binary-phase ligand exchange protocol in hexane and n-methylformamide is demonstrated. It is shown that this solution-processed ligand exchange drastically changes the photoluminescence intensity, exciton recombination dynamics, and carrier lifetime of the nanocrystals. The solution casting of the ligand-exchanged nanocrystals into thin films results in the periodic ordering of QDs in a square superlattice with close contacts. Planar graphene/QD photodetectors fabricated with PbS QDs passivated with FAPbI3 show substantially increased thermal stability as compared to similar devices using PbS QDs passivated with commonly used methylammonium lead iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aynehband
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
| | - Kerstin Thorwarth
- Surface
Science and Coating Technologies, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland Hany
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Alain Nüesch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Empa, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Materials Science and Engineering, EPFL,
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta D. Rossell
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Robin Pauer
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Nunzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
- Institute
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif
University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran
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21
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Hemati T, Weng B. Experimental study of the size-dependent photoluminescence emission of CBD-grown PbSe nanocrystals on glass. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab8bab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we study the size-dependent properties of Photoluminescence (PL) emissions of PbSe Nanocrystals (NCs) grown by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method. In previous studies, PL emissions have been tuned by CBD-grown PbSe, and the growth mechanism was dependent on crystalized substrates such as GaAs. In this research, however, PL emissions are controlled over the midinfrared (MIR) range, through PbSe NCs, which are deposited on glass as an amorphous material. This study proposes an alternative approach to control PL emissions, which provides us with more freedom to fabricate low-cost MIR light sources as crucial components in remote sensing and gas analysis. Moreover, in this study, the advantage of the post-thermal method to control the NCs size, compared to the growth temperature, is shown.
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22
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Nakotte T, Luo H, Pietryga J. PbE (E = S, Se) Colloidal Quantum Dot-Layered 2D Material Hybrid Photodetectors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E172. [PMID: 31963894 PMCID: PMC7022979 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead chalcogenide (PbE) (E = S, Se) quantum dot (QD)-layered 2D systems are an emerging class of photodetectors with unique potential to expand the range of current technologies and easily integrate into current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible architectures. Herein, we review recent advancements in hybrid PbE QD-layered 2D photodetectors and place them in the context of key findings from studies of charge transport in layered 2D materials and QD films that provide lessons to be applied to the hybrid system. Photodetectors utilizing a range of layered 2D materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides sensitized with PbE QDs in various device architectures are presented. Figures of merit such as responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) are reviewed for a multitude of devices in order to compare detector performance. Finally, a look to the future considers possible avenues for future device development, including potential new materials and device treatment/fabrication options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Nakotte
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| | - Jeff Pietryga
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
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23
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Liu F, Ding C, Zou Z, Shen Q. Photoexcited carrier dynamics in colloidal quantum dot solar cells: insights into individual quantum dots, quantum dot solid films and devices. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:49-84. [PMID: 31825404 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) record of colloidal quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) has considerably improved from below 4% to 16.6% in the last few years. However, the record PCE value of QDSCs is still substantially lower than the theoretical efficiency. So far, there have been several reviews on recent and significant achievements in QDSCs, but reviews on photoexcited carrier dynamics in QDSCs are scarce. The photovoltaic performances of QDSCs are still limited by the photovoltage, photocurrent and fill factor that are mainly determined by the photoexcited carrier dynamics, including carrier (or exciton) generation, carrier extraction or transfer, and the carrier recombination process, in the devices. In this review, the photoexcited carrier dynamics in the whole QDSCs, originating from individual quantum dots (QDs) to the entire device as well as the characterization methods used for analyzing the photoexcited carrier dynamics are summarized and discussed. The recent research including photoexcited multiple exciton generation (MEG), hot electron extraction, and carrier transfer between adjacent QDs, as well as carrier injection and recombination at each interface of QDSCs are discussed in detail herein. The influence of photoexcited carrier dynamics on the physiochemical properties of QDs and photovoltaic performances of QDSC devices is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohong Zhang
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
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24
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Singh R, Liu W, Lim J, Robel I, Klimov VI. Hot-electron dynamics in quantum dots manipulated by spin-exchange Auger interactions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:1035-1041. [PMID: 31591527 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to effectively manipulate non-equilibrium 'hot' carriers could enable novel schemes for highly efficient energy harvesting and interconversion. In the case of semiconductor materials, realization of such hot-carrier schemes is complicated by extremely fast intraband cooling (picosecond to subpicosecond time scales) due to processes such as phonon emission. Here we show that using magnetically doped colloidal semiconductor quantum dots we can achieve extremely fast rates of spin-exchange processes that allow for 'uphill' energy transfer with an energy-gain rate that greatly exceeds the intraband cooling rate. This represents a dramatic departure from the usual situation where energy-dissipation via phonon emission outpaces energy gains due to standard Auger-type energy transfer at least by a factor of three. A highly favourable energy gain/loss rate ratio realized in magnetically doped quantum dots can enable effective schemes for capturing kinetic energy of hot, unrelaxed carriers via processes such as spin-exchange-mediated carrier multiplication and upconversion, hot-carrier extraction and electron photoemission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Singh
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Wenyong Liu
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy System Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - István Robel
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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25
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Tavakoli Dastjerdi H, Tavakoli R, Yadav P, Prochowicz D, Saliba M, Tavakoli MM. Oxygen Plasma-Induced p-Type Doping Improves Performance and Stability of PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26047-26052. [PMID: 31257844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PbS quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively studied for photovoltaic applications, thanks to their facile and low-cost fabrication processing and interesting physical properties such as size dependent and tunable band gap. However, the performance of PbS QD-based solar cells is highly sensitive to the humidity level in the ambient air, which is a serious obstacle toward its practical applications. Although it has been previously revealed that oxygen doping of the hole transporting layer can mitigate the cause of this issue, the suggested methods to recover the device performance are time-consuming and relatively costly. Here, we report a low-power oxygen plasma treatment as a rapid and low-cost method to effectively recover the device performance and stability. Our optimization results show that a 10 min treatment is the best condition, resulting in an enhanced power conversion efficiency from 6.9% for the as-prepared device to 9% for the plasma treated one. Moreover, our modified device shows long-term shelf-life stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rouhollah Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Sharif University of Technology , 14588 Tehran , Iran
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy, School of Technology , Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University , 382 007 Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute of Materials Science , Technical University of Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Sharif University of Technology , 14588 Tehran , Iran
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26
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Xu JX, Yuan Y, Zou S, Chen O, Zhang D. A Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Quantification of Light Absorption, Scattering, and Emission Properties of Fluorescent Nanomaterials in Solutions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8540-8548. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Yucheng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
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27
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Yu H, Lin X, Li K, Chen Y. Unveiling a Novel, Cation-Rich Compound in a High-Pressure Pb-Te Binary System. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:683-687. [PMID: 31041388 PMCID: PMC6487446 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of the common oxidation states of group IV elements (+2 or +4) and group VI elements (-2), 1:1 and 1:2 are two typical stoichiometries found in the IV-VI compounds. Particularly, in the Pb-Te binary system, the 1:1 stoichiometric PbTe is believed to be the only stable compound. Herein, using evolutionary algorithms, density functional theory, a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments, we discovered a novel Pb-Te compound with an unexpected stoichiometry of 3:2 above 20 GPa. This tetragonal Pb3Te2 is the one of the very few cation-rich compounds that has ever been discovered in the entire IV-VI binary system. Further analyses based on electron density distribution, electron localization function, and Bader charge have shown that this newly discovered compound has a mixed character of chemical bonding with a decreased ionicity. By further calculating the electron-phonon interaction, Pb3Te2 is predicted to exhibit a superconducting transition at low temperatures. The discovery of Pb3Te2 paves the way for further explorations of other novel cation-rich IV-VI group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulei Yu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU
Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, 1623 Dayuan Road, Lin An 311305, China
| | - Xiaohuan Lin
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 10 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Li
- Center
for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 10 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU
Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, 1623 Dayuan Road, Lin An 311305, China
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28
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Lu H, Carroll GM, Neale NR, Beard MC. Infrared Quantum Dots: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS NANO 2019; 13:939-953. [PMID: 30648854 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infrared technologies provide tremendous value to our modern-day society. The need for easy-to-fabricate, solution-processable, tunable infrared active optoelectronic materials has driven the development of infrared colloidal quantum dots, whose band gaps can readily be tuned by dimensional constraints due to the quantum confinement effect. In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in the development of infrared quantum dots both as infrared light emitters ( e.g., in light-emitting diodes, biological imaging, etc.) as well as infrared absorbers ( e.g., in photovoltaics, solar fuels, photon up-conversion, etc.), focusing on how fundamental breakthroughs in synthesis, surface chemistry, and characterization techniques are facilitating the implementation of these nanostructures into exploratory device architectures as well as in emerging applications. We discuss the ongoing challenges and opportunities associated with infrared colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Lu
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Gerard M Carroll
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Nathan R Neale
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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29
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Jamwal D, Mehta SK. Metal Telluride Nanomaterials: Facile Synthesis, Properties and Applications for Third Generation Devices. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Jamwal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; Chandigarh 160014 India
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Shoolini University, Solan, H.P.; 173212 India
| | - Surinder Kumar Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry; Panjab University; Chandigarh 160014 India
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30
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Zhou R, Huang Y, Zhou J, Niu H, Wan L, Li Y, Xu J, Xu J. Copper selenide (Cu 3Se 2 and Cu 2-xSe) thin films: electrochemical deposition and electrocatalytic application in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16587-16595. [PMID: 30417916 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, high crystallinity copper selenide thin films directly deposited onto conducting substrates were obtained through a potentiostatic electrodeposition approach. The as-deposited copper selenides involve annealing induced phase transformation from tetragonal Cu3Se2 to cubic Cu2-xSe. The annealing also leads to a remarkable morphology change from dendritic nanosheets to connected networks and separated particle shapes for the annealed (A-Cu2-xSe) and selenized (S-Cu2-xSe) samples, respectively. The copper selenide thin films were demonstrated to serve as efficient counter electrodes (CEs) in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) for electrocatalyzing polysulfide electrolyte regeneration. The CdS/CdSe QDSCs constructed with copper selenide CEs deliver considerable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), especially an optimal value of 3.89% for the A-Cu2-xSe CE-based device. The enhanced photovoltaic performance benefits from the connected network microstructure of A-Cu2-xSe films which afford a large number of reaction sites and efficient charge transport pathways. The Tafel polarization characterization further indicates that, in contrast to the commonly used Cu2S and Pt CEs, the non-stoichiometric Cu2-xSe CE exhibits better electrochemical catalytic activity. This work highlights the great potential of electrodeposition for fabricating promising copper selenide CEs for high performance QDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
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Zhou R, Yang Z, Xu J, Cao G. Synergistic combination of semiconductor quantum dots and organic-inorganic halide perovskites for hybrid solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Kroupa DM, Pach GF, Vörös M, Giberti F, Chernomordik BD, Crisp RW, Nozik AJ, Johnson JC, Singh R, Klimov VI, Galli G, Beard MC. Enhanced Multiple Exciton Generation in PbS|CdS Janus-like Heterostructured Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10084-10094. [PMID: 30216045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Generating multiple excitons by a single high-energy photon is a promising third-generation solar energy conversion strategy. We demonstrate that multiple exciton generation (MEG) in PbS|CdS Janus-like heteronanostructures is enhanced over that of single-component and core/shell nanocrystal architectures, with an onset close to two times the PbS band gap. We attribute the enhanced MEG to the asymmetric nature of the heteronanostructure that results in an increase in the effective Coulomb interaction that drives MEG and a reduction of the competing hot exciton cooling rate. Slowed cooling occurs through effective trapping of hot-holes by a manifold of valence band interfacial states having both PbS and CdS character, as evidenced by photoluminescence studies and ab initio calculations. Using transient photocurrent spectroscopy, we find that the MEG characteristics of the individual nanostructures are maintained in conductive arrays and demonstrate that these quasi-spherical PbS|CdS nanocrystals can be incorporated as the main absorber layer in functional solid-state solar cell architectures. Finally, based upon our analysis, we provide design rules for the next generation of engineered nanocrystals to further improve the MEG characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Kroupa
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Gregory F Pach
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Márton Vörös
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Federico Giberti
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Boris D Chernomordik
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Ryan W Crisp
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
- Department of Physics , Colorado School of Mines , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Arthur J Nozik
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Justin C Johnson
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Rohan Singh
- Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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33
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Gordi M, Moravvej-Farshi MK, Ramezani H. Effects of Electric Fields on Multiple Exciton Generation. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2782-2787. [PMID: 29993169 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Unique properties of lead chalcogenides have enabled multiple exciton generation (MEG) in their nanocrystals that can be beneficial in enhancing the efficiency of third-generation solar cells. Although the intrinsic electric field plays an imperative role in a solar cell, its effect on the multiple exciton generation (MEG) has been overlooked, so far. Using EOM-CCSD as a many-body approach, we show that any electric field can affect the absorptivity spectra of the lead chalcogenide nanocrystals (Pb4 Te4 , Pb4 Se4 , and Pb4 S4 ). The same electric field, however, has insignificant effects on the MEG quantum probabilities and the thresholds in these nanocrystals. Furthermore, simulations show that Pb4 Te4 , among the aforementioned nanocrystals, has the lowest MEG threshold and the strongest absorptivity peak that is located in the multi-excitation window, irrespective of the field strength, making it the most suitable candidate for MEG applications. Simulations also demonstrate that an electric field affects the MEG characteristics in the Pb4 Te4 nanocrystal, in general, less than it perturbs MEG characteristics in Pb4 Se4 and Pb4 S4 nanocrystals. Our results can have a great impact in designing optoelectronic devices whose performance can be significantly influenced by MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Gordi
- University of Tarbiat Modares, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nano Plasmo-photonic Research Group, P. O. Box 14115-194, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi
- University of Tarbiat Modares, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nano Plasmo-photonic Research Group, P. O. Box 14115-194, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ramezani
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
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Abstract
From a niche field over 30 years ago, quantum dots (QDs) have developed into viable materials for many commercial optoelectronic devices. We discuss the advancements in Pb-based QD solar cells (QDSCs) from a viewpoint of the pathways an excited state can take when relaxing back to the ground state. Systematically understanding the fundamental processes occurring in QDs has led to improvements in solar cell efficiency from ~3% to over 13% in 8 years. We compile data from ~200 articles reporting functioning QDSCs to give an overview of the current limitations in the technology. We find that the open circuit voltage limits the device efficiency and propose some strategies for overcoming this limitation.
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Kryjevski A, Mihaylov D, Kilin D. Dynamics of Charge Transfer and Multiple Exciton Generation in the Doped Silicon Quantum Dot-Carbon Nanotube System: Density Functional Theory-Based Computation. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5759-5764. [PMID: 30199263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We use the Boltzmann transport equation (BE) to study time evolution of a photoexcited state, including phonon-mediated exciton relaxation, multiple exciton generation (MEG), and energy-transfer processes. BE collision integrals are derived using Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations, including exciton effects. We apply the method to a nanostructured p- n junction composed of a 1 nm hydrogen-terminated Si quantum dot (QD) doped with two phosphorus atoms (Si36P2H42) adjacent to the (6, 2) single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) with two chlorine atoms per two unit cells adsorbed to the surface. We find that an initial excitation localized on either the QD or CNT evolves into a transient charge-transfer (CT) state where either electron or hole transfer has taken place. The CT state lifetime is about 40 fs. Also, we study MEG in this system by computing internal quantum efficiency (QE), which is the number of excitons generated from an absorbed photon during relaxation. We predict efficient MEG starting at 3 Eg ≃ 1.5 eV and with QE reaching QE = 1.65 at about 5 Eg, where Eg ≃ 0.5 eV is the lowest exciton energy, i.e., the gap. However, we find that including energy transfer and MEG effects suppresses CT state generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Kryjevski
- Department of Physics , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58108 , United States
| | - Deyan Mihaylov
- Department of Physics , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58108 , United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58108 , United States
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36
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Xu JX, Hu J, Zhang D. Quantification of Material Fluorescence and Light Scattering Cross Sections Using Ratiometric Bandwidth-Varied Polarized Resonance Synchronous Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7406-7414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60604, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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37
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Wang Y, Lu K, Han L, Liu Z, Shi G, Fang H, Chen S, Wu T, Yang F, Gu M, Zhou S, Ling X, Tang X, Zheng J, Loi MA, Ma W. In Situ Passivation for Efficient PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Precursor Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704871. [PMID: 29543986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Current efforts on lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) solar cells are mostly paid to the device architecture engineering and postsynthetic surface modification, while very rare work regarding the optimization of PbS synthesis is reported. Here, PbS QDs are successfully synthesized using PbO and PbAc2 · 3H2 O as the lead sources. QD solar cells based on PbAc-PbS have demonstrated a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.82% (and independently certificated values of 10.62%), which is significantly higher than the PCE of 9.39% for PbO-PbS QD based ones. For the first time, systematic investigations are carried out on the effect of lead precursor engineering on the device performance. It is revealed that acetate can act as an efficient capping ligands together with oleic acid, providing better surface coverage and replace some of the harmful hydroxyl (OH) ligands during the synthesis. Then the acetate on the surface can be exchanged by iodide and lead to desired passivation. This work demonstrates that the precursor engineering has great potential in performance improvement. It is also pointed out that the initial synthesis is an often neglected but critical stage and has abundant room for optimization to further improve the quality of the resultant QDs, leading to breakthrough efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kunyuan Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lu Han
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zeke Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guozheng Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Honghua Fang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengfan Gu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Sijie Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xufeng Ling
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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38
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Pace NA, Arias DH, Granger DB, Christensen S, Anthony JE, Johnson JC. Dynamics of singlet fission and electron injection in self-assembled acene monolayers on titanium dioxide. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3004-3013. [PMID: 29732084 PMCID: PMC5915837 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04688j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ a combination of linear spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and transient absorption spectroscopy to characterize the interplay between electron transfer and singlet fission dynamics in polyacene-based dyes attached to nanostructured TiO2. For triisopropyl silylethynyl (TIPS)-pentacene, we find that the singlet fission time constant increases to 6.5 ps on a nanostructured TiO2 surface relative to a thin film time constant of 150 fs, and that triplets do not dissociate after they are formed. In contrast, TIPS-tetracene singlets quickly dissociate in 2 ps at the molecule/TiO2 interface, and this dissociation outcompetes the relatively slow singlet fission process. The addition of an alumina layer slows down electron injection, allowing the formation of triplets from singlet fission in 40 ps. However, the triplets do not inject electrons, which is likely due to a lack of sufficient driving force for triplet dissociation. These results point to the critical balance required between efficient singlet fission and appropriate energetics for interfacial charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pace
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA
| | - Dylan H Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
| | | | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
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Xu JX, Vithanage BCN, Athukorale SA, Zhang D. Scattering and absorption differ drastically in their inner filter effects on fluorescence, resonance synchronous, and polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic measurements. Analyst 2018; 143:3382-3389. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the finding that photon scattering and absorption differ drastically in inducing the sample IFE in SSF, RS2, and the PRS2 spectra measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xiuzhu Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | | | | | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Mississippi State University
- Mississippi State
- USA
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40
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Multiple Exciton Generation in Nanostructures for Advanced Photovoltaic Cells. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7285483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews both experimental and theoretical work on nanostructures showing high quantum yields due to the phenomenon of multiple exciton generation. It outlines the aims and barriers to progress in identifying further such nanostructures and also includes important developments concerning solar devices where nanostructures act as the light-absorbing component. It reports on both semiconductor and carbon structures, both monocomposite (of various dimensionalities) and heterogeneous. Finally, it looks at future directions that can be taken to push solar cell efficiency above the classic limit set by Shockley and Queisser in 1961.
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41
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Dou Y, Zhou R, Wan L, Niu H, Zhou J, Xu J, Cao G. Nearly monodisperse PbS quantum dots for highly efficient solar cells: anin situseeded ion exchange approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12598-12601. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A facilein situseeded ion-exchange is explored to produce nearly monodisperse Pbs QDs sensitized mesoporous TiO2for highly efficient photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Ru Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Haihong Niu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Juntian Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Jinzhang Xu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- P. R. China
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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42
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Kumar A, Kundu S, Samantaray D, Kundu P, Zanaga D, Bals S, Ravishankar N. Designing Diameter-Modulated Heterostructure Nanowires of PbTe/Te by Controlled Dewetting. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7226-7233. [PMID: 29185765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures consisting of semiconductors with controlled morphology and interfaces find applications in many fields. A range of axial, radial, and diameter-modulated nanostructures have been synthesized primarily using vapor phase methods. Here, we present a simple wet chemical routine to synthesize heterostructures of PbTe/Te using Te nanowires as templates. A morphology evolution study for the formation of these heterostructures has been performed. On the basis of these control experiments, a pathway for the formation of these nanostructures is proposed. Reduction of a Pb precursor to Pb on Te nanowire templates followed by interdiffusion of Pb/Te leads to the formation of a thin shell of PbTe on the Te wires. Controlled dewetting of the thin shell leads to the formation of cube-shaped PbTe that is periodically arranged on the Te wires. Using control experiments, we show that different reactions parameters like rate of addition of the reducing agent, concentration of Pb precursor and thickness of initial Te nanowire play a critical role in controlling the spacing between the PbTe cubes on the Te wires. Using simple surface energy arguments, we propose a mechanism for the formation of the hybrid. The principles presented are general and can be exploited for the synthesis of other nanoscale heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Kumar
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subhajit Kundu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Paromita Kundu
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniele Zanaga
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N Ravishankar
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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43
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Kryjevski A, Mihaylov D, Kilina S, Kilin D. Multiple exciton generation in chiral carbon nanotubes: Density functional theory based computation. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Kryjevski
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Deyan Mihaylov
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
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44
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Zhang X, Santra PK, Tian L, Johansson MB, Rensmo H, Johansson EMJ. Highly Efficient Flexible Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Improved Electron Extraction Using MgZnO Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8478-8487. [PMID: 28763616 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells have high potential for realizing an efficient and lightweight energy supply for flexible or wearable electronic devices. To achieve highly efficient and flexible CQD solar cells, the electron transport layer (ETL), extracting electrons from the CQD solid layer, needs to be processed at a low-temperature and should also suppress interfacial recombination. Herein, a highly stable MgZnO nanocrystal (MZO-NC) layer is reported for efficient flexible PbS CQD solar cells. Solar cells fabricated with MZO-NC ETL give a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4% and 9.4%, on glass and flexible plastic substrates, respectively. The reported flexible CQD solar cell has the record efficiency to date of flexible CQD solar cells. Detailed theoretical simulations and extensive characterizations reveal that the MZO-NCs significantly enhance charge extraction from CQD solids and diminish the charge accumulation at the ETL/CQD interface, suppressing charge interfacial recombination. These important results suggest that the low-temperature processed MZO-NCs are very promising for use in efficient flexible solar cells or other flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pralay Kanti Santra
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin B Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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45
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He Y, Pang X, Jiang B, Feng C, Harn Y, Chen Y, Yoon YJ, Pan S, Lu C, Chang Y, Zebarjadi M, Kang Z, Thadhani N, Peng J, Lin Z. Unconventional Route to Uniform Hollow Semiconducting Nanoparticles with Tailorable Dimensions, Compositions, Surface Chemistry, and Near‐Infrared Absorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12946-12951. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Beibei Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Chaowei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yeu‐Wei Harn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yihuang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Shuang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Cheng‐Hsin Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yajing Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Mona Zebarjadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Zhitao Kang
- Electronic System Laboratory Georgia Tech Research Institute Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Naresh Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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46
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He Y, Pang X, Jiang B, Feng C, Harn Y, Chen Y, Yoon YJ, Pan S, Lu C, Chang Y, Zebarjadi M, Kang Z, Thadhani N, Peng J, Lin Z. Unconventional Route to Uniform Hollow Semiconducting Nanoparticles with Tailorable Dimensions, Compositions, Surface Chemistry, and Near‐Infrared Absorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Beibei Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Chaowei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yeu‐Wei Harn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yihuang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Shuang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Cheng‐Hsin Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yajing Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Mona Zebarjadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Zhitao Kang
- Electronic System Laboratory Georgia Tech Research Institute Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Naresh Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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47
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Yuan L, Patterson R, Wen X, Zhang Z, Conibeer G, Huang S. Investigation of anti-solvent induced optical properties change of cesium lead bromide iodide mixed perovskite (CsPbBr 3-xI x) quantum dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 504:586-592. [PMID: 28609742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites are a new material system that has attracted a lot of research focus. Its tunable band gap and better thermal stability than organic lead halide perovskite give it the potential for applications in optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Here we have synthesized CsPbBr3-xIx perovskite quantum dots (QDs) via a solution process, and then have selected three different anti-solvents to purify the product. A significant effect on optical properties of CsPbBr3-xIx was found after the centrifugation process. Up to a ∼40nm shift was observed in mixed halide CsPbBr3-xIx QDs in both absorbance and PL spectra after purification while there was no obvious change in pure CsPbBr3 when it was subjected to the same purification steps. XPS analysis shows that the Br:I ratio of the CsPbBr3-xIx QDs had changed as a result of exposure to the anti-solvent, causing the change of the band gap and shift of the spectra. It is also shown that iodine can be removed more easily than bromine during the anti-solvent purification. Ab-initio simulations of small CsPbBr3-xIx atomic clusters suggest that exposed Cs ions on Cs-terminated facets are the first species to be attacked by hydrophilic molecules, likely dragging halide ions into solution with them to maintain overall charge neutrality in the material. Charge carrier recombination rates were found to be unchanged and all samples maintained a good PL quantum yield which was more than 44%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Robert Patterson
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Gavin Conibeer
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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48
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de Jong M, Meijerink A, Rabouw FT. Non-Poissonian photon statistics from macroscopic photon cutting materials. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15537. [PMID: 28537257 PMCID: PMC5458076 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In optical materials energy is usually extracted only from the lowest excited state, resulting in fundamental energy-efficiency limits such as the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells. Photon-cutting materials provide a way around such limits by absorbing high-energy photons and 'cutting' them into multiple low-energy excitations that can subsequently be extracted. The occurrence of photon cutting or quantum cutting has been demonstrated in a variety of materials, including semiconductor quantum dots, lanthanides and organic dyes. Here we show that photon cutting results in bunched photon emission on the timescale of the excited-state lifetime, even when observing a macroscopic number of optical centres. Our theoretical derivation matches well with experimental data on NaLaF4:Pr3+, a material that can cut deep-ultraviolet photons into two visible photons. This signature of photon cutting can be used to identify and characterize new photon-cutting materials unambiguously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs de Jong
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Malgras V, Nattestad A, Kim JH, Dou SX, Yamauchi Y. Understanding chemically processed solar cells based on quantum dots. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:334-350. [PMID: 28567179 PMCID: PMC5439398 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1317219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic energy conversion is one of the best alternatives to fossil fuel combustion. Petroleum resources are now close to depletion and their combustion is known to be responsible for the release of a considerable amount of greenhouse gases and carcinogenic airborne particles. Novel third-generation solar cells include a vast range of device designs and materials aiming to overcome the factors limiting the current technologies. Among them, quantum dot-based devices showed promising potential both as sensitizers and as colloidal nanoparticle films. A good example is the p-type PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) forming a heterojunction with a n-type wide-band-gap semiconductor such as TiO2 or ZnO. The confinement in these nanostructures is also expected to result in marginal mechanisms, such as the collection of hot carriers and generation of multiple excitons, which would increase the theoretical conversion efficiency limit. Ultimately, this technology could also lead to the assembly of a tandem-type cell with CQD films absorbing in different regions of the solar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malgras
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
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50
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Lin Q, Yun HJ, Liu W, Song HJ, Makarov NS, Isaienko O, Nakotte T, Chen G, Luo H, Klimov VI, Pietryga JM. Phase-Transfer Ligand Exchange of Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dots for Direct Deposition of Thick, Highly Conductive Films. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6644-6653. [PMID: 28431206 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) in optoelectronic devices typically requires postsynthetic chemical surface treatments to enhance electronic coupling between QDs and allow for efficient charge transport in QD films. Despite their importance in solar cells and infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes and photodetectors, advances in these chemical treatments for lead chalcogenide (PbE; E = S, Se, Te) QDs have lagged behind those of, for instance, II-VI semiconductor QDs. Here, we introduce a method for fast and effective ligand exchange for PbE QDs in solution, resulting in QDs completely passivated by a wide range of small anionic ligands. Due to electrostatic stabilization, these QDs are readily dispersible in polar solvents, in which they form highly concentrated solutions that remain stable for months. QDs of all three Pb chalcogenides retain their photoluminescence, allowing for a detailed study of the effect of the surface ionic double layer on electronic passivation of QD surfaces, which we find can be explained using the hard/soft acid-base theory. Importantly, we prepare highly conductive films of PbS, PbSe, and PbTe QDs by directly casting from solution without further chemical treatment, as determined by field-effect transistor measurements. This method allows for precise control over the surface chemistry, and therefore the transport properties of deposited films. It also permits single-step deposition of films of unprecedented thickness via continuous processing techniques, as we demonstrate by preparing a dense, smooth, 5.3-μm-thick PbSe QD film via doctor-blading. As such, it offers important advantages over laborious layer-by-layer methods for solar cells and photodetectors, while opening the door to new possibilities in ionizing-radiation detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglu Lin
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hyeong Jin Yun
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wenyong Liu
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hyung-Jun Song
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nikolay S Makarov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Oleksandr Isaienko
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tom Nakotte
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Pietryga
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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