1
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Yang C, Chen Z, Yu C, Cao J, Ke G, Zhu W, Liang W, Huang J, Cai W, Saha C, Sabuj MA, Rai N, Li X, Yang J, Li Y, Huang F, Guo X. Regulation of quantum spin conversions in a single molecular radical. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:978-985. [PMID: 38448520 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Free radicals, generally formed through the cleavage of covalent electron-pair bonds, play an important role in diverse fields ranging from synthetic chemistry to spintronics and nonlinear optics. However, the characterization and regulation of the radical state at a single-molecule level face formidable challenges. Here we present the detection and sophisticated tuning of the open-shell character of individual diradicals with a donor-acceptor structure via a sensitive single-molecule electrical approach. The radical is sandwiched between nanogapped graphene electrodes via covalent amide bonds to construct stable graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. We measure the electrical conductance as a function of temperature and track the evolution of the closed-shell and open-shell electronic structures in real time, the open-shell triplet state being stabilized with increasing temperature. Furthermore, we tune the spin states by external stimuli, such as electrical and magnetic fields, and extract thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the transition between closed-shell and open-shell states. Our findings provide insights into the evolution of single-molecule radicals under external stimuli, which may proof instrumental for the development of functional quantum spin-based molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuiju Yu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Ke
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiya Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chinmoy Saha
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Md Abdus Sabuj
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Centre of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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2
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Wang F, Shen W, Shui Y, Chen J, Wang H, Wang R, Qin Y, Wang X, Wan J, Zhang M, Lu X, Yang T, Song F. Electrically controlled nonvolatile switching of single-atom magnetism in a Dy@C 84 single-molecule transistor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2450. [PMID: 38503743 PMCID: PMC10951203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-atom magnetism switching is a key technique towards the ultimate data storage density of computer hard disks and has been conceptually realized by leveraging the spin bistability of a magnetic atom under a scanning tunnelling microscope. However, it has rarely been applied to solid-state transistors, an advancement that would be highly desirable for enabling various applications. Here, we demonstrate realization of the electrically controlled Zeeman effect in Dy@C84 single-molecule transistors, thus revealing a transition in the magnetic moment from 3.8μ B to 5.1μ B for the ground-state GN at an electric field strength of 3 - 10 MV/cm. The consequent magnetoresistance significantly increases from 600% to 1100% at the resonant tunneling point. Density functional theory calculations further corroborate our realization of nonvolatile switching of single-atom magnetism, and the switching stability emanates from an energy barrier of 92 meV for atomic relaxation. These results highlight the potential of using endohedral metallofullerenes for high-temperature, high-stability, high-speed, and compact single-atom magnetic data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yuan Shui
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Huaiqiang Wang
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuyuan Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Spintronics Devices and Technologies, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minhao Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Institute of Atom Manufacturing, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215163, China.
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3
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Cai ZY, Ma ZW, Wu WK, Lin JD, Pei LQ, Wang JZ, Wu TR, Jin S, Wu DY, Tian ZQ. Stereoelectronic Switches of Single-Molecule Junctions through Conformation-Modulated Intramolecular Coupling Approaches. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9539-9547. [PMID: 37856238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stereoelectronic effects in single-molecule junctions have been widely utilized to achieve a molecular switch, but high-efficiency and reproducible switching remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate that there are three stable intramolecular conformations in the 9,10-diphenyl-9,10-methanoanthracen-11-one (DPMAO) systems due to steric effect. Interestingly, different electronic coupling approaches including weak coupling (through-space), decoupling, and strong coupling (through-bond) between two terminal benzene rings are accomplished in the three stable conformations, respectively. Theoretical calculations show that the molecular conductance of three stable conformations differs by more than 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, the populations of the three stable conformations are highly dependent on the solvent effect and the external electric field. Therefore, an excellent molecular switch can be achieved using the DPMAO molecule junctions and external stimuli. Our findings reveal that modulating intramolecular electronic coupling approaches may be a useful manner to enable molecular switches with high switching ratios. This opens up a new route for building high-efficiency molecular switches in single-molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-De Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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4
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Hayakawa R, Wakayama Y. Vertical molecular transistors: a new strategy towards practical quantum devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:502002. [PMID: 37800179 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfb0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been dedicated to improving molecular devices since they were initially proposed by Aviram and Ratner in 1974. Organic molecules are small and have discrete molecular orbitals. These features can facilitate fascinating quantum transport phenomena, such as single-carrier tunneling, resonant tunneling, and quantum interference. The effective gate modulation of these quantum transport phenomena holds the promise of realizing a new computing architecture that differs from that of current Si electronics. In this article, we review the recent research progress on molecular transistors, specifically vertical molecular transistors (VMTs). First, we discuss the benefits of VMTs for future molecular-scale transistors compared with the currently dominant lateral molecular transistors. Subsequently, we describe representative examples of VMTs, where single molecules, self-assembled monolayers, and isolated molecules are used as transistor channels. Finally, we present our conclusions and perspectives about the use of VMTs for attractive quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Hayakawa
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yutaka Wakayama
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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5
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Li L, Prindle CR, Shi W, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18182-18204. [PMID: 37555594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radicals are unique molecular systems for applications in electronic devices due to their open-shell electronic structures. Radicals can function as good electrical conductors and switches in molecular circuits while also holding great promise in the field of molecular spintronics. However, it is both challenging to create stable, persistent radicals and to understand their properties in molecular junctions. The goal of this Perspective is to address this dual challenge by providing design principles for the synthesis of stable radicals relevant to molecular junctions, as well as offering current insight into the electronic properties of radicals in single-molecule devices. By exploring both the chemical and physical properties of established radical systems, we will facilitate increased exploration and development of radical-based molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wanzhuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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6
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Pabi B, Marek Š, Pal A, Kumari P, Ray SJ, Thakur A, Korytár R, Pal AN. Resonant transport in a highly conducting single molecular junction via metal-metal covalent bond. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12995-13008. [PMID: 37483089 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02585c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving highly transmitting molecular junctions through resonant transport at low bias is key to the next-generation low-power molecular devices. Although resonant transport in molecular junctions was observed by connecting a molecule between the metal electrodes via chemical anchors by applying a high source-drain bias (>1 V), the conductance was limited to <0.1G0, G0 being the quantum of conductance. Herein, we report electronic transport measurements by directly connecting a ferrocene molecule between Au electrodes under ambient conditions in a mechanically controllable break junction setup (MCBJ), revealing a conductance peak at ∼0.2G0 in the conductance histogram. A similar experiment was repeated for ferrocene terminated with amine (-NH2) and cyano (-CN) anchors, where conductance histograms exhibit an extended low conductance feature, including the sharp high conductance peak, similar to pristine ferrocene. The statistical analysis of the data and density functional theory-based transport calculation suggest a possible molecular conformation with a strong hybridization between the Au electrodes, and that the Fe atom of ferrocene is responsible for a near-perfect transmission in the vicinity of the Fermi energy, leading to the resonant transport at a small applied bias (<0.5 V). Moreover, calculations including van der Waals/dispersion corrections reveal a covalent-like organometallic bonding between Au and the central Fe atom of ferrocene, having bond energies of ∼660 meV. Overall, our study not only demonstrates the realization of an air-stable highly transmitting molecular junction, but also provides important insights about the nature of chemical bonding at the metal/organo-metallic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Pabi
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Štepán Marek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar-801106, India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar-801106, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Richard Korytár
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Atindra Nath Pal
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
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7
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Tan Y, Li J, Li S, Yang H, Chi T, Shiring SB, Liu K, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW, Schroeder CM. Enhanced Electron Transport in Nonconjugated Radical Oligomers Occurs by Tunneling. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37384632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating temperature- and air-stable organic radical species into molecular designs is a potentially advantageous means of controlling the properties of electronic materials. However, we still lack a complete understanding of the structure-property relationships of organic radical species at the molecular level. In this work, the charge transport properties of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) radical-containing nonconjugated molecules are studied using single-molecule charge transport experiments and molecular modeling. Importantly, the TEMPO pendant groups promote temperature-independent molecular charge transport in the tunneling region relative to the quenched and closed-shell phenyl pendant groups. Results from molecular modeling show that the TEMPO radicals interact with the gold metal electrodes near the interface to facilitate a high-conductance conformation. Overall, the large enhancement of charge transport by incorporation of open-shell species into a single nonconjugated molecular component opens exciting avenues for implementing molecular engineering in the development of next-generation electronic devices based on novel nonconjugated radical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Songsong Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hao Yang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Teng Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephen B Shiring
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kangying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Chelli Y, Sandhu S, Daaoub AHS, Sangtarash S, Sadeghi H. Controlling Spin Interference in Single Radical Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3748-3753. [PMID: 37071608 PMCID: PMC10176569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference (QI) dominates the electronic properties of single molecules even at room temperature and can lead to a large change in their electrical conductance. To take advantage of this for nanoelectronic applications, a mechanism to electronically control QI in single molecules needs to be developed. In this paper, we demonstrate that controlling the quantum interference of each spin in a stable open-shell organic radical with a large π-system is possible by changing the spin state of the radical. We show that the counterintuitive constructive spin interference in a meta-connected radical changes to destructive interference by changing the spin state of the radical from a doublet to a singlet. This results in a significant change in the room temperature electrical conductance by several orders of magnitude, opening up new possibilities for spin interference based molecular switches for energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Chelli
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Sandhu
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Abdalghani H. S. Daaoub
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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9
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Yang X, Hou S, Su M, Zhan Q, Zhang H, Quintero SM, Liu X, Liu J, Hong W, Casado J, Wu Q, Lambert CJ, Zheng Y. Quasi-Free Electron States Responsible for Single-Molecule Conductance Enhancement in Stable Radical. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4004-4010. [PMID: 37083476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals, which possess half-filled orbitals in the vicinity of the Fermi energy, are promising candidates for electronic devices. In this Letter, using a combination of scanning-tunneling-microscopy-based break junction (STM-BJ) experiments and quantum transport theory, a stable fluorene-based radical is investigated. We demonstrate that the transport properties of a series of fluorene derivatives can be tuned by controlling the degree of localization of certain orbitals. More specifically, radical 36-FR has a delocalized half-filled orbital resulting in Breit-Wigner resonances, leading to an unprecedented conductance enhancement of 2 orders of magnitude larger than the neutral nonradical counterpart (36-FOH). In other words, conversion from a closed-shell fluorene derivative to the free radical in 36-FR opens an electron transport path which massively enhances the conductance. This new understanding of the role of radicals in single-molecule junctions opens up a novel design strategy for single-molecule-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhou Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Meiling Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xia-men University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio M Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xia-men University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xia-men University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
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10
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Tang A, Li Y, Wang R, Yang J, Ma C, Li Z, Zou Q, Li H. Charge transport of F4TCNQ with different electronic states in single-molecule junctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1305-1308. [PMID: 36633258 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular conductance of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8,-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4TCNQ) with different electronic states (neutral, radical anion, and dianion) was investigated by the scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) technique. These electronic states have distinct conductance, and the conductance decreases in the order of neutral > radical anion > dianion. Surprisingly, the molecular conductance of the neutral F4TCNQ junction reaches 10-1.17G0, attributed to its LUMO energy level being close to the Fermi level of the gold electrode. Moreover, we found that neutral F4TCNQ can be gradually reduced to radical anions under a relatively low bias voltage of 100 mV. These results will advance the development of organic optoelectronic devices and molecule electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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11
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Review of Fe-based spin crossover metal complexes in multiscale device architectures. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Aragonès AC, Aravena D, Ugalde JM, Medina E, Gutierrez R, Ruiz E, Mujica V, Díez‐Pérez I. Magnetoresistive Single‐Molecule Junctions: the Role of the
Spinterface
and the
CISS
Effect. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert C. Aragonès
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física Universitat de Barcelona Marti i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC) Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile Casilla 40, Correo 33 Santiago 9170022 Chile
| | - Jesús M. Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) P.K. 1072 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento de Física Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería Universidad San Francisco de Quito Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica Quito 170901 Ecuador
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden University of Technology 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC) Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences King's College London Britannia House 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
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13
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Baum TY, Fernández S, Peña D, van der Zant HSJ. Magnetic Fingerprints in an All-Organic Radical Molecular Break Junction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8086-8092. [PMID: 36206381 PMCID: PMC9614975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons radicals are organic molecules with a nonzero total magnetic moment. Here, we report on charge-transport experiments with bianthracene-based radicals using a mechanically controlled break junction technique at low temperatures (6 K). The conductance spectra demonstrate that the magnetism of the diradical is preserved in solid-state devices and that it manifests itself either in the form of a Kondo resonance or inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy signature caused by spin-flip processes. The magnetic fingerprints depend on the exact configuration of the molecule in the junction; this picture is supported by reference measurements on a radical molecule with the same backbone but with one free spin, in which only Kondo anomalies are observed. The results show that the open-shell structures based on the bianthracene core are interesting systems to study spin-spin interactions in solid-state devices, and this may open the way to control them either electrically or by mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Y. Baum
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Saleta Fernández
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain15782
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, Santiago
de Compostela, Spain15782
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJDelft, The Netherlands
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14
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Huez C, Guérin D, Lenfant S, Volatron F, Calame M, Perrin ML, Proust A, Vuillaume D. Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13790-13800. [PMID: 36102689 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the reversible in situ photoreduction of molecular junctions of a phosphomolybdate [PMo12O40]3- monolayer self-assembled on flat gold electrodes, connected by the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope. The conductance of the one electron reduced [PMo12O40]4- molecular junction is increased by ∼10, and this open-shell state is stable in the junction in air at room temperature. The analysis of a large current-voltage dataset by unsupervised machine learning and clustering algorithms reveals that the electron transport in the pristine phosphomolybdate junctions leads to symmetric current-voltage curves, controlled by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at 0.6-0.7 eV above the Fermi energy with ∼25% of the junctions having a better electronic coupling to the electrodes than the main part of the dataset. This analysis also shows that a small fraction (∼18% of the dataset) of the molecules is already reduced. The UV light in situ photoreduced phosphomolybdate junctions systematically feature slightly asymmetric current-voltage behaviors, which is ascribed to the electron transport mediated by the single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) nearly at resonance with the Fermi energy of the electrodes and by a closely located single unoccupied molecular orbital (SUMO) at ∼0.3 eV above the SOMO with a weak electronic coupling to the electrodes (∼50% of the dataset) or at ∼0.4 eV but with a better electrode coupling (∼50% of the dataset). These results shed light on the electronic properties of reversible switchable redox polyoxometalates, a key point for potential applications in nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Huez
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Florence Volatron
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Calame
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Dept. of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- EMPA, Transport at the Nanoscale Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Proust
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, University of Lille, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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15
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Mitra G, Low JZ, Wei S, Francisco KR, Deffner M, Herrmann C, Campos LM, Scheer E. Interplay between Magnetoresistance and Kondo Resonance in Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5773-5779. [PMID: 35849010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report transport measurements on tunable single-molecule junctions of the organic perchlorotrityl radical molecule, contacted with gold electrodes at low temperature. The current-voltage characteristics of a subset of junctions shows zero-bias anomalies due to the Kondo effect and in addition elevated magnetoresistance (MR). Junctions without Kondo resonance reveal a much stronger MR. Furthermore, we show that the amplitude of the MR can be tuned by mechanically stretching the junction. On the basis of these findings, we attribute the high MR to an interference effect involving spin-dependent scattering at the metal-molecule interface and assign the Kondo effect to the unpaired spin located in the center of the molecule in asymmetric junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Mitra
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Z Low
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sujun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York, Bayside, New York 11364, United States
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Deffner
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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17
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Naghibi S, Sangtarash S, Kumar VJ, Wu J, Judd MM, Qiao X, Gorenskaia E, Higgins SJ, Cox N, Nichols RJ, Sadeghi H, Low PJ, Vezzoli A. Redox-Addressable Single-Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116985. [PMID: 35289977 PMCID: PMC9322687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrating radical (open-shell) species into non-cryogenic nanodevices is key to unlocking the potential of molecular electronics. While many efforts have been devoted to this issue, in the absence of a chemical/electrochemical potential the open-shell character is generally lost in contact with the metallic electrodes. Herein, single-molecule devices incorporating a 6-oxo-verdazyl persistent radical have been fabricated using break-junction techniques. The open-shell character is retained at room temperature, and electrochemical gating permits in situ reduction to a closed-shell anionic state in a single-molecule transistor configuration. Furthermore, electronically driven rectification arises from bias-dependent alignment of the open-shell resonances. The integration of radical character, transistor-like switching, and rectification in a single molecular component paves the way to further studies of the electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of open-shell species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghibi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | | | - Varshini J. Kumar
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Jian‐Zhong Wu
- School of ChemistrySouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P.R. China
| | - Martyna M. Judd
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraATC 2601Australia
| | - Xiaohang Qiao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraATC 2601Australia
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable EnergyUniversity of LiverpoolPeach StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZFUK
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18
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Yasui R, Shimizu D, Matsuda K. Large Enhancement of the Single‐Molecular Conductance of a Molecular Wire through a Radical Substituent. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104242. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Yasui
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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19
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Naghibi S, Sangtarash S, Kumar VJ, Wu J, Judd MM, Qiao X, Gorenskaia E, Higgins SJ, Cox N, Nichols RJ, Sadeghi H, Low PJ, Vezzoli A. Redox‐Addressable Single‐Molecule Junctions Incorporating a Persistent Organic Radical**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghibi
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Varshini J. Kumar
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Jian‐Zhong Wu
- School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Martyna M. Judd
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ATC 2601 Australia
| | - Xiaohang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ATC 2601 Australia
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Peach Street Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
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20
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Abstract
Single-molecule junctions - devices fabricated by electrically connecting a single molecule to two electrodes - can respond to a variety of stimuli, that include electrostatic/electrochemical gating, light, other chemical species, and mechanical forces. When the latter is used, the device becomes mechanoresistive which means that its electrical resistance/conductance changes upon application of a mechanical stress. The mechanoresistive phenomenon can arise at the metal-molecule interface or it can be embedded in the molecular backbone, and several strategies to attain high reproducibility, high sensitivity and reversible behaviour have been developed over the years. These devices offer a unique insight on the process of charge transfer/transport at the metal/molecule interface, and have potential for applications as nanoelectromechanical systems, integrating electrical and mechanical functionality at the nanoscale. In this review, the status of the field is presented, with a focus on those systems that proved to have reversible behaviour, along with a discussion on the techniques used to fabricate and characterise mechanoresistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Peach Streat, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
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21
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Tan Y, Hsu SN, Tahir H, Dou L, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW. Electronic and Spintronic Open-Shell Macromolecules, Quo Vadis? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:626-647. [PMID: 34982552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell macromolecules (i.e., polymers containing radical sites either along their backbones or at the pendant sites of repeat units) have attracted significant attention owing to their intriguing chemical and physical (e.g., redox, optoelectronic, and magnetic) properties, and they have been proposed and/or implemented in a wide range of potential applications (e.g., energy storage devices, electronic systems, and spintronic modules). These successes span multiple disciplines that range from advanced macromolecular chemistry through nanoscale structural characterization and on to next-generation solid-state physics and the associated devices. In turn, this has allowed different scientific communities to expand the palette of radical-containing polymers relatively quickly. However, critical gaps remain on many fronts, especially regarding the elucidation of key structure-property-function relationships that govern the underlying electrochemical, optoelectronic, and spin phenomena in these materials systems. Here, we highlight vital developments in the history of open-shell macromolecules to explain the current state of the art in the field. Moreover, we provide a critical review of the successes and bring forward open opportunities that, if solved, could propel this class of materials in a meaningful manner. Finally, we provide an outlook to address where it seems most likely that open-shell macromolecules will go in the coming years. Our considered view is that the future of radical-containing polymers is extremely bright and the addition of talented researchers with diverse skills to the field will allow these materials and their end-use devices to have a positive impact on the global science and technology enterprise in a relatively rapid manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hamas Tahir
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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22
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Zhang Z, Cao L, Chen X, Thompson D, Qi D, Nijhuis CA. Energy-Level Alignment and Orbital-Selective Femtosecond Charge Transfer Dynamics of Redox-Active Molecules on Au, Ag, and Pt Metal Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:18474-18482. [PMID: 34476044 PMCID: PMC8404196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) dynamics across metal-molecule interfaces has important implications for performance and function of molecular electronic devices. CT times, on the order of femtoseconds, can be precisely measured using synchrotron-based core-hole clock (CHC) spectroscopy, but little is known about the impact on CT times of the metal work function and the bond dipole created by metals and the anchoring group. To address this, here we measure CT dynamics across self-assembled monolayers bound by thiolate anchoring groups to Ag, Au, and Pt. The molecules have a terminal ferrocene (Fc) group connected by varying numbers of methylene units to a diphenylacetylene (DPA) wire. CT times measured using CHC with resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RPES) show that conjugated DPA wires conduct electricity faster than aliphatic carbon wires of a similar length. Shorter methylene connectors exhibit increased conjugation between Fc and DPA, facilitating CT by providing greater orbital mixing. We find nearly 10-fold increase in the CT time on Pt compared to Ag due to a larger bond dipole generated by partial electron transfer from the metal-sulfur bond to the carbon-sulfur bond, which creates an electrostatic field that impedes CT from the molecules. By fitting the RPES signal, we distinguish electrons coming from the Fe center and from cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. The latter shows faster CT rates because of the delocalized Cp orbitals. Our study demonstrates the fine tuning of CT rates across junctions by careful engineering of several parts of the molecule and the molecule-metal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, 117543, Singapore
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions,
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions,
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department
of Physics, Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Dongchen Qi
- Centre
for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, 117543, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Hybrid Materials
for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano
Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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23
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Akhtar A, Rashid U, Seth C, Kumar S, Broekmann P, Kaliginedi V. Modulating the charge transport in metal│molecule│metal junctions via electrochemical gating. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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25
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Bahlke MP, Schneeberger M, Herrmann C. Local decomposition of hybridization functions: Chemical insight into correlated molecular adsorbates. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144108. [PMID: 33858153 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization functions are an established tool for investigating the coupling between a correlated subsystem (often a single transition metal atom) and its uncorrelated environment (the substrate and any ligands present). The hybridization function can provide valuable insight into why and how strong correlation features such as the Kondo effect can be chemically controlled in certain molecular adsorbates. To deepen this insight, we introduce a local decomposition of the hybridization function, based on a truncated cluster approach, enabling us to study individual effects on this function coming from specific parts of the systems (e.g., the surface, ligands, or parts of larger ligands). It is shown that a truncated-cluster approach can reproduce the Co 3d and Mn 3d hybridization functions from periodic boundary conditions in Co(CO)4/Cu(001) and MnPc/Ag(001) qualitatively well. By locally decomposing the hybridization functions, it is demonstrated at which energies the transition metal atoms are mainly hybridized with the substrate or with the ligand. For the Kondo-active 3dx2-y2 orbital in Co(CO)4/Cu(001), the hybridization function at the Fermi energy is substrate-dominated, so we can assign its enhancement compared with ligand-free Co to an indirect effect of ligand-substrate interactions. In MnPc/Ag(001), the same is true for the Kondo-active orbital, but for two other orbitals, there are both direct and indirect effects of the ligand, together resulting in such strong screening that their potential Kondo activity is suppressed. A local decomposition of hybridization functions could also be useful in other areas, such as analyzing the electrode self-energies in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Philipp Bahlke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schneeberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Harbor Bldg. 610, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Kizaki K, Santria A, Ishikawa N. Intramolecular Magnetic Interaction in a Photogenerated Dual Angular Momentum System in a Terbium-Phthalocyaninato 1:1 Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2037-2044. [PMID: 33448844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular magnetic interaction between a localized open-shell 4f-electronic system and a photoexcited macrocyclic π-conjugate system in terbium-phthalocyaninnato (Tb-Pc) 1:1 complex was investigated using variable-temperature variable-field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH MCD) spectroscopy. The 1:1 complex [Tb(Pc)(cyclen)]Cl (Pc2- = phthalocyaninato dianion, cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) with the capping ligand providing an exact fourfold symmetry showed a significant temperature dependence and a nonlinear field dependence in the MCD intensity of the Pc-centered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) π-π* transition, while a diamagnetic congener [Y(Pc)(cyclen)]Cl showed a temperature-independent MCD with a linear-field dependence. This indicates that the (4f)8 system of the Tb ion with a total angular momentum J and the photoexcited π-system of the Pc macrocycle with an orbital angular momentum L are magnetically coupled. By numerical simulation using a model where ground doublet state |Jz⟩ = |±6⟩ and excited quartet state |Jz, Lz⟩ = |±6, ±|Lz|⟩ are included, the J-L interaction magnitude ΔJL and the Pc-centered orbital angular momentum |Lz|ℏ were determined to be 1.1 cm-1 and 2.0 ℏ, respectively. From ab initio restricted active space self-consistent field (RASSCF)-restricted active space state interaction (RASSI) calculations on the π-π* excited states of the Tb complex, the magnitude of the J-L interaction was estimated. The comparison between the calculations on the Y and Tb complexes revealed that the ferromagnetic-type coupling occurs between the orbital component in the J of Tb and the L on Pc, supporting the model that we employed for the analysis of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuro Kizaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Anas Santria
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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27
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Chen Y, Huang L, Chen H, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Hong W. Towards Responsive
Single‐Molecule
Device. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Longfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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28
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Han Y, Nijhuis CA. Functional Redox-Active Molecular Tunnel Junctions. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3752-3770. [PMID: 33015998 PMCID: PMC7756406 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active molecular junctions have attracted considerable attention because redox-active molecules provide accessible energy levels enabling electronic function at the molecular length scales, such as, rectification, conductance switching, or molecular transistors. Unlike charge transfer in wet electrochemical environments, it is still challenging to understand how redox-processes proceed in solid-state molecular junctions which lack counterions and solvent molecules to stabilize the charge on the molecules. In this minireview, we first introduce molecular junctions based on redox-active molecules and discuss their properties from both a chemistry and nanoelectronics point of view, and then discuss briefly the mechanisms of charge transport in solid-state redox-junctions followed by examples where redox-molecules generate new electronic function. We conclude with challenges that need to be addressed and interesting future directions from a chemical engineering and molecular design perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Han
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore117543Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research CentreNational University of Singapore6 Science Drive 2Singapore117546Singapore
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29
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Kim Y. Photoswitching Molecular Junctions: Platforms and Electrical Properties. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2368-2383. [PMID: 32777151 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in technology have enabled the manipulation of individual molecules and the creation of molecular electronic devices utilizing single and ensemble molecules. Maturing the field of molecular electronics has led to the development of functional molecular devices, especially photoswitching or photochromic molecular junctions, which switch electronic properties under external light irradiation. This review introduces and summarizes the platforms for investigating the charge transport in single and ensemble photoswitching molecular junctions as well as the electronic properties of diverse photoswitching molecules such as diarylethene, azobenzene, dihydropyrene, and spiropyran. Furthermore, the article discusses the remaining challenges and the direction for moving forward in this area for future photoswitching molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,Current address, 7644 Ambrose way, California, 95831, USA
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30
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Characterizing intermolecular interactions in redox-active pyridinium-based molecular junctions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Shin J, Yang S, Jang Y, Eo JS, Kim TW, Lee T, Lee CH, Wang G. Tunable rectification in a molecular heterojunction with two-dimensional semiconductors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1412. [PMID: 32179744 PMCID: PMC7075907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, a specifically designed functional molecular species has been recognized as an absolute necessity for realizing the diode’s behavior in molecular electronic junctions. Here, we suggest a facile approach for the implementation of a tailored diode in a molecular junction based on non-functionalized alkyl and conjugated molecular monolayers. A two-dimensional semiconductor (MoS2 and WSe2) is used as a rectifying designer at the alkyl or conjugated molecule/Au interface. From the adjustment of band alignment at molecules/two-dimensional semiconductor interface that can activate different transport pathways depending on the voltage polarity, the rectifying characteristics can be implemented and controlled. The rectification ratio could be widely tuned from 1.24 to 1.83 × 104 by changing the molecular species and type and the number of layers of the two-dimensional semiconductors in the heterostructure molecular junction. Our work sets a design rule for implementing tailored-diode function in a molecular heterojunction structure with non-functionalized molecular systems. Molecular electronics holds promise for device miniaturization yet can only be realized by choosing specially designed molecular species to date. Here, Shin et al. show tunable rectifying characteristics in a molecular heterojunction with non-functionalized molecules and two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsik Jang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Eo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Jeonbuk National University, Baekje-daero 567, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Isshiki Y, Fujii S, Nishino T, Kiguchi M. Selective formation of molecular junctions with high and low conductance states by tuning the velocity of electrode displacement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4544-4548. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A single-molecule junction of 1,4-di(4-pyridyl)benzene (DPB) was prepared in a nano-gap between two Au electrodes using the scanning tunnelling microscopy-based break junction method (STM-BJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Isshiki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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33
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Herrmann C. Electronic Communication as a Transferable Property of Molecular Bridges? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10205-10223. [PMID: 31380640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic communication through molecular bridges is important for different types of experiments, such as single-molecule conductance, electron transfer, superexchange spin coupling, and intramolecular singlet fission. In many instances, the chemical structure of the bridge determines how the two parts it is connecting communicate, and does so in ways that are transferable between these different manifestations (for example, high conductance often correlates with strong antiferromagnetic spin coupling, and low conductance due to destructive quantum interference correlates with ferromagnetic coupling). Defining electronic communication as a transferable property of the bridge can help transfer knowledge between these different areas of research. Examples and limits of such transferability are discussed here, along with some possible directions for future research, such as employing spin-coupled and mixed-valence systems as structurally well-controlled proxies for understanding molecular conductance and for validating first-principles theoretical methodologies, building conceptual understanding for the growing experimental work on intramolecular singlet fission, and developing measures for the transferability of electronic communication as a bridge property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , Hamburg 20146 , Germany
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34
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Tunable giant magnetoresistance in a single-molecule junction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3599. [PMID: 31399599 PMCID: PMC6689026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling electronic transport through a single-molecule junction is crucial for molecular electronics or spintronics. In magnetic molecular devices, the spin degree-of-freedom can be used to this end since the magnetic properties of the magnetic ion centers fundamentally impact the transport through the molecules. Here we demonstrate that the electron pathway in a single-molecule device can be selected between two molecular orbitals by varying a magnetic field, giving rise to a tunable anisotropic magnetoresistance up to 93%. The unique tunability of the electron pathways is due to the magnetic reorientation of the transition metal center, resulting in a re-hybridization of molecular orbitals. We obtain the tunneling electron pathways by Kondo effect, which manifests either as a peak or a dip line shape. The energy changes of these spin-reorientations are remarkably low and less than one millielectronvolt. The large tunable anisotropic magnetoresistance could be used to control electronic transport in molecular spintronics. Molecular electronics or spintronics relies on manipulating the electronic transport through microscopic molecule structures. Here the authors demonstrate the selective electron pathway in single-molecule device by magnetic field which enables a tunable anisotropic magnetoresistance up to 93%.
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35
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Fung ED, Gelbwaser D, Taylor J, Low J, Xia J, Davydenko I, Campos LM, Marder S, Peskin U, Venkataraman L. Breaking Down Resonance: Nonlinear Transport and the Breakdown of Coherent Tunneling Models in Single Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2555-2561. [PMID: 30821465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The promise of the field of single-molecule electronics is to reveal a new class of quantum devices that leverages the strong electronic interactions inherent to subnanometer scale systems. Here, we form Au-molecule-Au junctions using a custom scanning tunneling microscope and explore charge transport through current-voltage measurements. We focus on the resonant tunneling regime of two molecules, one that is primarily an electron conductor and one that conducts primarily holes. We find that in the high bias regime, junctions that do not rupture demonstrate reproducible and pronounced negative differential resistance (NDR)-like features followed by hysteresis with peak-to-valley ratios exceeding 100 in some cases. Furthermore, we show that both junction rupture and NDR are induced by charging of the molecular orbital dominating transport and find that the charging is reversible at lower bias and with time with kinetic time scales on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. We argue that these results cannot be explained by existing models of charge transport and likely require theoretical advances describing the transition from coherent to sequential tunneling. Our work also suggests new rules for operating single-molecule devices at high bias to obtain highly nonlinear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Dean Fung
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - David Gelbwaser
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Jeffrey Taylor
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jonathan Low
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Iryna Davydenko
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Seth Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
| | - Uri Peskin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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36
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Low JZ, Kladnik G, Patera LL, Sokolov S, Lovat G, Kumarasamy E, Repp J, Campos LM, Cvetko D, Morgante A, Venkataraman L. The Environment-Dependent Behavior of the Blatter Radical at the Metal-Molecule Interface. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2543-2548. [PMID: 30884240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stable organic radicals have potential applications for building organic spintronic devices. To fulfill this potential, the interface between organic radicals and metal electrodes must be well characterized. Here, through a combined effort that includes synthesis, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and single-molecule conductance measurements, we comprehensively probe the electronic interaction between gold metal electrodes and a benchtop stable radical-the Blatter radical. We find that despite its open-shell character and having a half-filled orbital close to the Fermi level, the radical is stable on a gold substrate under ultrahigh vacuum. We observe a Kondo resonance arising from the radical and spectroscopic signatures of its half-filled orbitals. By contrast, in solution-based single-molecule conductance measurements, the radical character is lost through oxidation with charge transfer occurring from the molecule to metal. Our experiments show that the stability of radical states can be very sensitive to the environment around the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Low
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Gregor Kladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , University of Ljubljana , Jadranska 19 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza, SS-14, km 163.5 , I-34012 Trieste , Italy
| | - Laerte L Patera
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics , University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Sophia Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics , University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Giacomo Lovat
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jascha Repp
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics , University of Regensburg , 93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dean Cvetko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , University of Ljubljana , Jadranska 19 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza, SS-14, km 163.5 , I-34012 Trieste , Italy
- J. Stefan Institute , Jamova 39 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Alberto Morgante
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza, SS-14, km 163.5 , I-34012 Trieste , Italy
- Department of Physics , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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37
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Garner MH, Jensen A, Hyllested LOH, Solomon GC. Helical orbitals and circular currents in linear carbon wires. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4598-4608. [PMID: 31123570 PMCID: PMC6496982 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disubstituted odd-carbon cumulenes are linear carbon wires with helical π-orbitals, which results in circular current around the wire.
Disubstituted odd-carbon cumulenes are linear carbon wires with near-degenerate helical π-orbitals. Such cumulenes are chiral molecules but their electronic structure consists of helical orbitals of both chiralities. For these helical molecular orbitals to give rise to experimentally observable effects, the near-degenerate orbitals of opposite helicities must be split. Here we show how pyramidalized single-faced π-donors, such as the amine substituent, provide a strategy for splitting the helical molecular orbitals. The chirality induced by the amine substituents allow for systematic control of the helicity of the frontier orbitals. We examine how the helical orbitals in odd-carbon cumulenes control the coherent electron transport properties, and we explicitly predict two modes in the experimental single-molecule conductance for these molecules. We also show that the current density through these linear wires exhibits strong circular currents. The direction of the circular currents is systematically controlled by the helicity of the frontier molecular orbitals, and is therefore altered by changing between the conformations of the molecule. Furthermore, the circular currents are subject to a full ring-reversal around antiresonances in the Landauer transmission, emphasizing the relation to destructive quantum interference. With circular currents present around truly linear carbon wires, cumulenes are promising candidates for novel applications in molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Garner
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Anders Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Louise O H Hyllested
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
| | - Gemma C Solomon
- Department of Chemistry , Nano-Science Center , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , DK-2100 , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark . ;
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Stefani D, Perrin M, Gutiérrez‐Cerón C, Aragonès AC, Labra‐Muñoz J, Carrasco RDC, Matsushita Y, Futera Z, Labuta J, Ngo TH, Ariga K, Díez‐Pérez I, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D, Hill JP. Mechanical Tuning of Through‐Molecule Conductance in a Conjugated Calix[4]pyrrole. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stefani
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mickael Perrin
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez‐Cerón
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Albert C. Aragonès
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London, Brittania House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Labra‐Muñoz
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo D. C. Carrasco
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facilities DivisionNational Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Zdenek Futera
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Jan Labuta
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Thien H. Ngo
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London, Brittania House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Diana Dulić
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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39
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Xie Z, Bâldea I, Frisbie CD. Why one can expect large rectification in molecular junctions based on alkane monothiols and why rectification is so modest. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4456-4467. [PMID: 29896387 PMCID: PMC5956982 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many attempts to obtain high current rectification ratios (RRs) in molecular electronics are triggered by a potentiometer rule argument, which predicts that a strongly asymmetric location of the dominant molecular orbital yields large RR-values. Invoking this argument, molecular junctions based on alkane monothiols (CnT) can be expected to exhibit high RRs; the HOMO of these molecules is localized on the thiol terminal group bonded to one electrode. The extensive current-voltage (I-V) results for CP-AFM (conducting probe atomic force microscope) CnT junctions of various molecular lengths (n = 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12) and different metallic contacts (Ag, Au, and Pt) are consistent with conduction dominated by the HOMO, but the measured RR ∼ 1.5 is much smaller than that predicted by the potentiometer rule framework. Further, the linear shift in the HOMO position with applied bias, γ, which gives rise to rectification, is also smaller than expected, and critically, γ has the opposite sign from potentiometer rule predictions. Companion ab initio OVGF (outer valence Green's function) quantum chemical calculations provide important insight. Namely, a linear Stark shift γm is calculated for the HOMO of CnT molecules for electric field strengths (106-107 V cm-1) typical of molecular junctions, and the sign of γm matches the sign of the experimental γ for junctions derived from transport measurements, suggesting that the Stark effect plays an important role. However, the magnitude of the measured γ is only 10-15% of the computed value γm. We propose that this implies that the contacts are far from optimal; they substantially screen the effect of the applied bias, possibly via molecule-electrode interface states. We predict that, with optimized contacts, the rectification ratios in CnT-based junctions can reach reasonably high values (RR ≈ 500). We believe that Stark shifts and limited current rectification due to non-ideal contacts discussed here for the specific case of alkane monothiol junctions are issues of general interest for molecular electronics that deserve further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoti Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , USA .
| | - Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretische Chemie , Universität Heidelberg , INF 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , USA .
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40
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Bejarano F, Olavarria-Contreras IJ, Droghetti A, Rungger I, Rudnev A, Gutiérrez D, Mas-Torrent M, Veciana J, van der Zant HSJ, Rovira C, Burzurı E, Crivillers N. Robust Organic Radical Molecular Junctions Using Acetylene Terminated Groups for C-Au Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1691-1696. [PMID: 29307191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic paramagnetic and electroactive molecules are attracting interest as core components of molecular electronic and spintronic devices. Currently, further progress is hindered by the modest stability and reproducibility of the molecule/electrode contact. We report the synthesis of a persistent organic radical bearing one and two terminal alkyne groups to form Au-C σ bonds. The formation and stability of self-assembled monolayers and the electron transport through single-molecule junctions at room temperature have been studied. The combined analysis of both systems demonstrates that this linker forms a robust covalent bond with gold and a better-defined contact when compared to traditional sulfur-based linkers. Density functional theory and quantum transport calculations support the experimental observation highlighting a reduced variability of conductance values for the C-Au based junction. Our findings advance the quest for robustness and reproducibility of devices based on electroactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bejarano
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Droghetti
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) , Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ivan Rungger
- National Physical Laboratory , Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Russian Academy of Sciences A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrique Burzurı
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands.,IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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41
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Smith CE, Xie Z, Bâldea I, Frisbie CD. Work function and temperature dependence of electron tunneling through an N-type perylene diimide molecular junction with isocyanide surface linkers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:964-975. [PMID: 29192925 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) was employed to examine electron tunneling in self-assembled monolayer (SAM) junctions. A 2.3 nm long perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI) acceptor molecule equipped with isocyanide linker groups was synthesized, adsorbed onto Ag, Au and Pt substrates, and the current-voltage (I-V) properties were measured by CP-AFM. The dependence of the low-bias resistance (R) on contact work function indicates that transport is LUMO-assisted ('n-type behavior'). A single-level tunneling model combined with transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS) was employed to analyze the experimental I-V curves and to extract the effective LUMO position εl = ELUMO - EF and the effective electronic coupling (Γ) between the PDI redox core and the contacts. This analysis revealed a strong Fermi level (EF) pinning effect in all the junctions, likely due to interface dipoles that significantly increased with increasing contact work function, as revealed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). Furthermore, the temperature (T) dependence of R was found to be substantial. For Pt/Pt junctions, R varied more than two orders of magnitude in the range 248 K < T < 338 K. Importantly, the R(T) data are consistent with a single step electron tunneling mechanism and allow independent determination of εl, giving values compatible with estimates of εl based on analysis of the full I-V data. Theoretical analysis revealed a general criterion to unambiguously rule out a two-step transport mechanism: namely, if measured resistance data exhibit a pronounced Arrhenius-type temperature dependence, a two-step electron transfer scenario should be excluded in cases where the activation energy depends on contact metallurgy. Overall, our results indicate (1) the generality of the Fermi level pinning phenomenon in molecular junctions, (2) the utility of employing the single level tunneling model for determining essential electronic structure parameters (εl and Γ), and (3) the importance of changing the nature of the contacts to verify transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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42
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Sangeeth CSS, Jiang L, Nijhuis CA. Bottom-electrode induced defects in self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based tunnel junctions affect only the SAM resistance, not the contact resistance or SAM capacitance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19939-19949. [PMID: 35541643 PMCID: PMC9080736 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In large area molecular junctions, defects are always present and can be caused by impurities and/or defects in the electrode materials and/or SAMs, but how they affect the electrical characteristics of junctions has rarely been studied. Usually, junctions are characterized by two-terminal current–voltage measurements where only the total current across the junction is measured, but with these methods one cannot distinguish how the individual components of the junctions are altered by the defects. Here we show that the roughness of the bottom-electrode is a crucial factor in determining the electrical properties of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based junctions. We used potentiodynamic impedance spectroscopy to reveal which components of the junctions are altered by defective bottom electrodes because this method allows for direct determination of all components that impede charge transport in the equivalent circuit of the junctions. We intentionally introduced defects via the roughness of the bottom electrode and found that these defects lower the SAM resistance but they do not alter the capacitance of the SAM or the contact resistance of the junction. In other words, defective junctions can be seen as “leaky capacitors” resulting in an underestimation of the SAM resistance of two orders of magnitude. These results help to improve the interpretation of data generated by SAM-based junctions and explain in part the observed large spread of reported tunneling rates for the same molecules measured across different platforms. In large area molecular junctions, defects are always present and can be caused by impurities and/or defects in the electrode materials and/or SAMs, but how they affect the electrical characteristics of junctions has rarely been studied.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre
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43
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Kang D, Wang B, Xia C, Li H. Perfect Spin Filter in a Tailored Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbon. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:357. [PMID: 28525951 PMCID: PMC5436996 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) are expected to serve as the promising component in the all-carbon spintronic device. It remains challenging to fabricate a device based on ZGNRs with high spin-filter efficiency and low experimental complexity. Using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we studied the spin-dependent transport properties of the tailored zigzag graphene nanoribbon. A perfect spin-filtering effect is found in the tailored structure of ZGNR. The nearly 100% spin-polarized current and high magneto-resistance ratio can be obtained by applying a homogeneous magnetic field across the device. The distribution of spin up and spin down states at the bridge carbon atom plays a dominant role in the perfect spin filtering. The tailoring of ZGNR provides a new effective approach to graphene-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Kang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Caijuan Xia
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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44
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Liu J, Zhao X, Al-Galiby Q, Huang X, Zheng J, Li R, Huang C, Yang Y, Shi J, Manrique DZ, Lambert CJ, Bryce MR, Hong W. Radical-Enhanced Charge Transport in Single-Molecule Phenothiazine Electrical Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Qusiy Al-Galiby
- Department of Physics; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics; College of Education; University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah; Diwaniya city 58002 Iraq
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - David Zsolt Manrique
- Department of Physics; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University College London; Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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45
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Liu J, Zhao X, Al-Galiby Q, Huang X, Zheng J, Li R, Huang C, Yang Y, Shi J, Manrique DZ, Lambert CJ, Bryce MR, Hong W. Radical-Enhanced Charge Transport in Single-Molecule Phenothiazine Electrical Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13061-13065. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Qusiy Al-Galiby
- Department of Physics; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Physics; College of Education; University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah; Diwaniya city 58002 Iraq
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - David Zsolt Manrique
- Department of Physics; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University College London; Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute, iChEM; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
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46
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Yang G, Sangtarash S, Liu Z, Li X, Sadeghi H, Tan Z, Li R, Zheng J, Dong X, Liu J, Yang Y, Shi J, Xiao Z, Zhang G, Lambert C, Hong W, Zhang D. Protonation tuning of quantum interference in azulene-type single-molecule junctions. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7505-7509. [PMID: 29163904 PMCID: PMC5676185 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protonation of azulene cores offers significant conductance tuning in single-molecule junctions with quantum interference.
The protonation of azulene derivatives with quantum interference effects is studied by the conductance measurements of single-molecule junctions. Three azulene derivatives with different connectivities are synthesized and reacted with trifluoroacetic acid to form the protonated states. It is found that the protonated azulene molecular junctions produce more than one order of magnitude higher conductance than the neutral states, while the molecules with destructive interference show more significant changes. These experimental observations are supported by our recently-developed parameter free theory of connectivity, which suggests that the largest conductance change occurs when destructive interference near the Fermi energy in the neutral state is alleviated by protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Zitong Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratory , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Zhibing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Xiaobiao Dong
- Organic Solids Laboratory , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Physics , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , UK .
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , iChEM , Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China .
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China . ;
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47
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Advance of Mechanically Controllable Break Junction for Molecular Electronics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu Z, Ren S, Guo X. Switching Effects in Molecular Electronic Devices. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:56. [PMID: 28493206 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The creation of molecular electronic switches by using smart molecules is of great importance to the field of molecular electronics. This requires a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic electron transport mechanisms, which depend on several factors including the charge transport pathway, the molecule-electrode coupling strength, the energy of the molecular frontier orbitals, and the electron spin state. On the basis of significant progresses achieved in both experiments and theory over the past decade, in this review article we focus on new insights into the design and fabrication of different molecular switches and the corresponding switching effects, which is crucial to the development of molecular electronics. We summarize the strategies developed for single-molecule device fabrication and the mechanism of these switching effects. These analyses should be valuable for deeply understanding the switching effects in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhao Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng J, Chen KQ. Huge magnetoresistance induced by half-metal-semiconductor phase transition in a one-dimensional spin chain: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9417-9423. [PMID: 28327774 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In experimental studies, magnetoresistance (MR) values of 103 are hard to reach for conventional single-molecule spin-valves. Motivated by a recent experiment [Nano Lett., 2016, 16, 577-582], where tailored Co-salophene-based all-spin molecular devices are successfully realized, we demonstrate the functionality of a Co-salophene-based spin chain without magnetic electrodes. By using nonequilibrium Green's functions in combination with density functional theory, we find that the maximum MR ratio of this spin chain can reach 106 by manipulating its spins in a controlled way, which is several orders of magnitude higher than previously reported experimental values. As the Co-salophene-based spin chain has been successfully synthesized, we are highly expectant of the experimental realization of huge MR ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China. and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qiu Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
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