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Kumar R, Rezapourian M, Rahmani R, Maurya HS, Kamboj N, Hussainova I. Bioinspired and Multifunctional Tribological Materials for Sliding, Erosive, Machining, and Energy-Absorbing Conditions: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:209. [PMID: 38667221 PMCID: PMC11048303 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Friction, wear, and the consequent energy dissipation pose significant challenges in systems with moving components, spanning various domains, including nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) and bio-MEMS (microrobots), hip prostheses (biomaterials), offshore wind and hydro turbines, space vehicles, solar mirrors for photovoltaics, triboelectric generators, etc. Nature-inspired bionic surfaces offer valuable examples of effective texturing strategies, encompassing various geometric and topological approaches tailored to mitigate frictional effects and related functionalities in various scenarios. By employing biomimetic surface modifications, for example, roughness tailoring, multifunctionality of the system can be generated to efficiently reduce friction and wear, enhance load-bearing capacity, improve self-adaptiveness in different environments, improve chemical interactions, facilitate biological interactions, etc. However, the full potential of bioinspired texturing remains untapped due to the limited mechanistic understanding of functional aspects in tribological/biotribological settings. The current review extends to surface engineering and provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of bioinspired texturing that exhibits sustainable synergy between tribology and biology. The successful evolving examples from nature for surface/tribological solutions that can efficiently solve complex tribological problems in both dry and lubricated contact situations are comprehensively discussed. The review encompasses four major wear conditions: sliding, solid-particle erosion, machining or cutting, and impact (energy absorbing). Furthermore, it explores how topographies and their design parameters can provide tailored responses (multifunctionality) under specified tribological conditions. Additionally, an interdisciplinary perspective on the future potential of bioinspired materials and structures with enhanced wear resistance is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Mansoureh Rezapourian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Ramin Rahmani
- CiTin–Centro de Interface Tecnológico Industrial, 4970-786 Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal;
- proMetheus–Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Himanshu S. Maurya
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Nikhil Kamboj
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- TCBC–Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, Department of Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Irina Hussainova
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
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Ding Z, Klein T, Barner-Kowollik C, Mirkhalaf M. Multifunctional nacre-like materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5371-5390. [PMID: 37882614 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, the iridescent inner layer of seashells, displays an exceptional combination of strength and toughness due to its 'brick-wall' architecture. Significant research has been devoted to replicating nacre's architecture and its associated deformation and failure mechanisms. Using the resulting materials in applications necessitates adding functionalities such as self-healing, force sensing, bioactivity, heat conductivity and resistance, transparency, and electromagnetic interference shielding. Herein, progress in the fabrication, mechanics, and multi-functionality of nacre-like materials, particularly over the past three years is systematically and critically reviewed. The fabrication techniques reviewed include 3D printing, freeze-casting, mixing/coating-assembling, and laser engraving. The mechanical properties of the resulting materials are discussed in comparison with their constituents and previously developed nacre mimics. Subsequently, the progress in incorporating multifunctionalities and the resulting physical, chemical, and biological properties are evaluated. We finally provide suggestions based on 3D/4D printing, advanced modelling techniques, and machine elements to make reprogrammable nacre-like components with complex shapes and small building blocks, tackling some of the main challenges in the science and translation of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Ding
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4059 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Travis Klein
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4059 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4059 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 4000 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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LIU X, GALLAVARDIN T, BUREL F, VULUGA D. Influence of quadruple hydrogen bonding on polyvinyl butyral resin properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lossada F, Jiao D, Hoenders D, Walther A. Recyclable and Light-Adaptive Vitrimer-Based Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5043-5055. [PMID: 33630585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nacre's natural design consists of a perfect hierarchical assembly that resembles a brick-and-mortar structure with synergistic stiffness and toughness. The field of bioinspired materials often provides attractive architecture and engineering pathways which allow to explore outstanding property areas. However, the study of nacre-mimetic materials should not be limited to the design of its architecture but ought to include the understanding, operation, and improvement of internal interactions between their components. Here, we introduce a vitrimer prepolymer system that, once integrated into the nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, cures and cross-links with the presence of Lewis acid catalyst and further manifests associative dynamic exchange reactions. Bond exchanges are controllable by molecular composition and catalyst content and characterized by creep, shear-lag, and shape-locking tests. We exploit the vitrimer properties by laminating ca. 70 films into thick bulk materials, and characterize the flexural resistance and crack propagation. More importantly, we introduce recycling by grinding and hot-pressing. The recycling for highly reinforced nacre-mimetic nanocomposites is critically enabled by the vitrimer chemistry and improves the sustainability of bioinspired nanocomposites in cyclic economy. Finally, we integrate photothermal converters into the structures and use laser irradiation as external trigger to activate the vitrimer exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lossada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS at FIT, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Jiao D, Lossada F, Guo J, Skarsetz O, Hoenders D, Liu J, Walther A. Electrical switching of high-performance bioinspired nanocellulose nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1312. [PMID: 33637751 PMCID: PMC7910463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature fascinates with living organisms showing mechanically adaptive behavior. In contrast to gels or elastomers, it is profoundly challenging to switch mechanical properties in stiff bioinspired nanocomposites as they contain high fractions of immobile reinforcements. Here, we introduce facile electrical switching to the field of bioinspired nanocomposites, and show how the mechanical properties adapt to low direct current (DC). This is realized for renewable cellulose nanofibrils/polymer nanopapers with tailor-made interactions by deposition of thin single-walled carbon nanotube electrode layers for Joule heating. Application of DC at specific voltages translates into significant electrothermal softening via dynamization and breakage of the thermo-reversible supramolecular bonds. The altered mechanical properties are reversibly switchable in power on/power off cycles. Furthermore, we showcase electricity-adaptive patterns and reconfiguration of deformation patterns using electrode patterning techniques. The simple and generic approach opens avenues for bioinspired nanocomposites for facile application in adaptive damping and structural materials, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Skarsetz
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu K, Cheng L, Zhang N, Pan H, Fan X, Li G, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Zhao J, Yang X, Wang Y, Bai R, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Gong X, Bao Z, Gu G, Yu W, Yan X. Biomimetic Impact Protective Supramolecular Polymeric Materials Enabled by Quadruple H-Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:1162-1170. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ningbin Zhang
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiwen Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Guoying Gu
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Dennis JM, Savage AM, Mrozek RA, Lenhart JL. Stimuli‐responsive mechanical properties in polymer glasses: challenges and opportunities for defense applications. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dennis
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
| | - Alice M Savage
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
| | - Randy A Mrozek
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
| | - Joseph L Lenhart
- United States Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Adelphi MD USA
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8
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Lossada F, Hoenders D, Guo J, Jiao D, Walther A. Self-Assembled Bioinspired Nanocomposites. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2622-2635. [PMID: 32991139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired materials engineering impacts the design of advanced functional materials across many domains of sciences from wetting behavior to optical and mechanical materials. In all cases, the advances in understanding how biology uses hierarchical design to create failure and defect-tolerant materials with emergent properties lays the groundwork for engaging into these topics. Biological mechanical materials are particularly inspiring for their unique combinations of stiffness, strength, and toughness together with lightweightness, as assembled and grown in water from a limited set of building blocks at room temperature. Wood, nacre, crustacean cuticles, and spider silk serve as some examples, where the correct arrangement of constituents and balanced molecular energy dissipation mechanisms allows overcoming the shortcomings of the individual components and leads to synergistic materials performance beyond additive behavior. They constitute a paradigm for future structural materials engineering-in the formation process, the use of sustainable building blocks and energy-efficient pathways, as well as in the property profiles-that will in the long term allow for new classes of high-performance and lightweight structural materials needed to promote energy efficiency in mobile technologies.This Account summarizes our efforts of the past decade with respect to designing self-assembling bioinspired materials aiming for both mechanical high-performance structures and new types of multifunctional property profiles. The Account is set out to first give a definition of bioinspired nanocomposite materials and self-assembly therein, followed by an in-depth discussion on the understanding of mechanical performance and rational design to increase the mechanical performance. We place a particular emphasis on materials formed at high fractions of reinforcements and with tailor-made functional polymers using self-assembly to create highly ordered structures and elucidate in detail how the soft polymer phase needs to be designed in terms of thermomechanical properties and sacrificial supramolecular bonds. We focus on nanoscale reinforcements such as nanoclay and nanocellulose that lead to high contents of internal interfaces and intercalated polymer layers that experience nanoconfinement. Both aspects add fundamental challenges for macromolecular design of soft phases using precision polymer synthesis. We build upon those design criteria and further develop the concepts of adaptive bioinspired nanocomposites, whose properties are switchable from the outside using molecularly defined triggers with light. In a last section, we discuss how new types of functional properties, in particular flexible and transparent gas barrier materials or fire barrier materials, can be reached on the basis of the bioinspired nanocomposite design strategies. Additionally, we show new types of self-assembled photonic materials that can even be evolved into self-assembling lasers, hence moving the concept of mechanical nanocomposite design to other functionalities.The comparative discussion of different bioinspired nanocomposite architectures with nematic, fibrillar, and cholesteric structures, as based on different reinforcing nanoparticles, aims for a unified understanding of the design principles and shall aid researchers in the field in the more elaborate design of future bioinspired nanocomposite materials based on molecular control principles. We conclude by addressing challenges, in particular also the need for a transfer from fundamental molecular materials science into scalable engineering materials of technological and societal relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lossada
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Lossada F, Abbasoglu T, Jiao D, Hoenders D, Walther A. Glass Transition Temperature Regulates Mechanical Performance in Nacre‐Mimetic Nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000380. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Lossada
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Tansu Abbasoglu
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A 3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan‐Meier‐Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Living, Adaptive and Energy‐Autonomous Materials Systems (livMatS) at FIT University of Freiburg Georges‐Köhler‐Allee 105 D‐79110 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany
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Jiao D, Guo J, Lossada F, Hoenders D, Groeer S, Walther A. Hierarchical cross-linking for synergetic toughening in crustacean-mimetic nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12958-12969. [PMID: 32525166 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood structure as found in crustacean shells possesses excellent mechanical properties with high stiffness and toughness. Synthetic mimics can be produced by evaporation-induced self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymer components into bulk films with a cholesteric liquid crystal structure. However, these are often excessively brittle and it has remained challenging to make materials combining high stiffness and toughness. Here, we describe self-assembling cholesteric CNC/polymer nanocomposites with a crustacean-mimetic structure and tunable photonic band gap, in which we engineer combinations of thermo-activated covalent and supramolecular hydrogen-bonded crosslinks to tailor the energy dissipation properties by precise molecular design. Toughening occurs upon increasing the polymer fractions in the nanocomposites, and, critically, combinations of both molecular bonding mechanisms lead to a considerable synergetic increase of stiffness and toughness - beyond the common rule of mixtures. Our concept following careful molecular design allows one to enter previously unreached areas of mechanical property charts for cholesteric CNC-based nanocomposites. The study shows that the subtle engineering of molecular energy dissipation units using sophisticated chemical approaches enables efficient enhancing of the properties of bioinspired CNC/polymer nanocomposites, and opens the design space for future molecular enhancement using tailor-made interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Song P, Wang H. High-Performance Polymeric Materials through Hydrogen-Bond Cross-Linking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901244. [PMID: 31215093 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It has always been critical to develop high-performance polymeric materials with exceptional mechanical strength and toughness, thermal stability, and even healable properties for meeting performance requirements in industry. Conventional chemical cross-linking leads to enhanced mechanical strength and thermostability at the expense of extensibility due to mutually exclusive mechanisms. Such major challenges have recently been addressed by using noncovalent cross-linking of reversible multiple hydrogen-bonds (H-bonds) that widely exist in biological materials, such as silk and muscle. Recent decades have witnessed the development of many tailor-made high-performance H-bond cross-linked polymeric materials. Here, recent advances in H-bond cross-linking strategies are reviewed for creating high-performance polymeric materials. H-bond cross-linking of polymers can be realized via i) self-association of interchain multiple H-bonding interactions or specific H-bond cross-linking motifs, such as 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone units with self-complementary quadruple H-bonds and ii) addition of external cross-linkers, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and polymer aggregates. The resultant cross-linked polymers normally exhibit tunable high strength, large extensibility, improved thermostability, and healable capability. Such performance portfolios enable these advanced polymers to find many significant cutting-edge applications. Major challenges facing existing H-bond cross-linking strategies are discussed, and some promising approaches for designing H-bond cross-linked polymeric materials in the future are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Song
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Campus, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Campus, QLD, 4300, Australia
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12
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Zhao J, Cheng L, Liu K, Zhang Z, Yu W, Yan X. Metal–organic polyhedra crosslinked supramolecular polymeric elastomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8031-8034. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymeric elastomers crosslinked by metal–organic polyhedra were developed, featuring not only tunable mechanical properties but also dynamic actuation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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13
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Xu W, Gracias DH. Soft Three-Dimensional Robots with Hard Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4883-4892. [PMID: 31070882 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by biological organisms, soft engineered robots seek to augment the capabilities of rigid robots by providing safe, compliant, and flexible interfaces for human-machine interactions. Soft robots provide significant advantages in applications ranging from pick-and-place, prostheses, wearables, and surgical and drug-delivery devices. Conventional soft robots are typically composed of elastomers or gels, where changes in material properties such as stiffness or swelling control actuation. However, soft materials have limited electronic and optical performance, mechanical rigidity, and stability against environmental damage. Atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides have excellent electrical, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties and have been used to create ultrathin interconnects, transistors, photovoltaics, photocatalysts, and biosensors. Importantly, although 2DLMs have high in-plane stiffness and rigidity, they have high out-of-plane flexibility and are soft from that point of view. In this Perspective, we discuss the use of 2DLMs either in their continuous monolayer state or as composites with elastomers and hydrogels to create soft three-dimensional (3D) robots, with a focus on origami-inspired approaches. We classify the field, outline major methods, and highlight challenges toward seamless integration of hybrid materials to create multifunctional robots with the characteristics of soft devices.
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14
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Harito C, Bavykin DV, Yuliarto B, Dipojono HK, Walsh FC. Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4653-4682. [PMID: 30840003 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of nanoscale fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanocellulose, allows the functionality of polymer nanocomposites to be controlled and enhanced. However, conventional synthesis methods of polymer nanocomposites cannot maximise the reinforcement of these nanofillers at high filler content. Approaches for the synthesis of high content filler polymer nanocomposites are suggested to facilitate future applications. The fabrication methods address the design of the polymer nanocomposite architecture, which encompasses one, two, and three dimensional morphologies. Factors that hamper the reinforcement of nanostructures, such as alignment, dispersion of the filler and interfacial bonding between the filler and polymer, are outlined. Using suitable approaches, maximum potential reinforcement of nanoscale fillers can be anticipated without limitations in orientation, dispersion, and the integrity of the filler particle-matrix interface. High filler content polymer composites containing emerging materials such as 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harito
- Energy Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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15
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Riehle F, Hoenders D, Guo J, Eckert A, Ifuku S, Walther A. Sustainable Chitin Nanofibrils Provide Outstanding Flame-Retardant Nanopapers. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1098-1108. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Riehle
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Eckert
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 101-4 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8502, Japan
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Eckert A, Rudolph T, Guo J, Mang T, Walther A. Exceptionally Ductile and Tough Biomimetic Artificial Nacre with Gas Barrier Function. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802477. [PMID: 29947065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic mimics of natural high-performance structural materials have shown great and partly unforeseen opportunities for the design of multifunctional materials. For nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, it has remained extraordinarily challenging to make ductile materials with high stretchability at high fractions of reinforcements, which is however of crucial importance for flexible barrier materials. Here, highly ductile and tough nacre-mimetic nanocomposites are presented, by implementing weak, but many hydrogen bonds in a ternary nacre-mimetic system consisting of two polymers (poly(vinyl amine) and poly(vinyl alcohol)) and natural nanoclay (montmorillonite) to provide efficient energy dissipation and slippage at high nanoclay content (50 wt%). Tailored interactions enable exceptional combinations of ductility (close to 50% strain) and toughness (up to 27.5 MJ m-3 ). Extensive stress whitening, a clear sign of high internal dynamics at high internal cohesion, can be observed during mechanical deformation, and the materials can be folded like paper into origami planes without fracture. Overall, the new levels of ductility and toughness are unprecedented in highly reinforced bioinspired nanocomposites and are of critical importance to future applications, e.g., as barrier materials needed for encapsulation and as a printing substrate for flexible organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckert
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Rudolph
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mang
- Institute for Applied Polymer Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Jiao D, Guo J, Eckert A, Hoenders D, Lossada F, Walther A. Facile and On-Demand Cross-Linking of Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites Using Tailor-Made Polymers with Latent Reactivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20250-20255. [PMID: 29856207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of on-demand cross-linking strategies is a key aspect in promoting mechanical properties of high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites. Here, we embed styrene sulfonyl azide groups with latent chemical reactivity into water-soluble copolymers and assemble those with high-aspect-ratio synthetic nanoclays to generate well-defined layered polymer/nanoclay nacre-mimetics. A considerable stiffening and strengthening occurs upon activation of the covalent cross-linking using simple heating. Varying the amount of cross-linkable units allows molecular control of mechanical properties from ductile to stiff and strong. Moreover, the covalent cross-linking enhances the moisture stability of water-borne nacre-mimetics. The strategy is facile and versatile allowing for a transfer into applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Alexander Eckert
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50 , Aachen 52056 , Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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19
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Zhou X, Guo B, Zhang L, Hu GH. Progress in bio-inspired sacrificial bonds in artificial polymeric materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6301-6329. [PMID: 28868549 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking natural structures has been highly pursued in the fabrication of synthetic polymeric materials due to its potential in breaking the bottlenecks in mechanical properties and extending the applications of polymeric materials. Recently, it has been revealed that the energy dissipating mechanisms via sacrificial bonds are among the important factors which account for strong and tough attributes of natural materials. Great progress in synthesis of polymeric materials consisting of sacrificial bonds has been achieved. The present review aims at (1) summarizing progress in the mechanics and chemistry of sacrificial bond bearing polymers, (2) describing the mechanisms of sacrificial bonds in strengthening/toughening polymers based on studies by single-molecule force spectroscopy, chromophore incorporation and constitutive laws, (3) presenting synthesis methods for sacrificial bonding including dual-crosslink, dual/multiple-network, and sacrificial interfaces, (4) discussing the important advances in engineering sacrificial bonding into hydrogels, biomimetic structures and elastomers, and (5) suggesting future works on molecular simulation, viscoelasticity, construction of sacrificial interfaces and sacrificial bonds with high dissociative temperature. It is hoped that this review will provide guidance for further development of sacrificial bonding strategies in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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20
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Montero de Espinosa L, Meesorn W, Moatsou D, Weder C. Bioinspired Polymer Systems with Stimuli-Responsive Mechanical Properties. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12851-12892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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21
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Myllymäki TTT, Lemetti L, Nonappa, Ikkala O. Hierarchical Supramolecular Cross-Linking of Polymers for Biomimetic Fracture Energy Dissipating Sacrificial Bonds and Defect Tolerance under Mechanical Loading. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:210-214. [PMID: 35650915 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological structural materials offer fascinating models how to synergistically increase the solid-state defect tolerance, toughness, and strength using nanocomposite structures by incorporating different levels of supramolecular sacrificial bonds to dissipate fracture energy. Inspired thereof, we show how to turn a commodity acrylate polymer, characteristically showing a brittle solid state fracture, to become defect tolerant manifesting noncatastrophic crack propagation by incorporation of different levels of fracture energy dissipating supramolecular interactions. Therein, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) is a feasible model polymer showing brittle solid state fracture in spite of a high maximum strain and clear yielding, where the weak hydroxyl group mediated hydrogen bonds do not suffice to dissipate fracture energy. We provide the next level stronger supramolecular interactions toward solid-state networks by postfunctionalizing a minor part of the HEMA repeat units using 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy), capable of forming four strong parallel hydrogen bonds. Interestingly, such a polymer, denoted here as p(HEMA-co-UPyMA), shows toughening by suppressed catastrophic crack propagation, even if the strength and stiffness are synergistically increased. At the still higher hierarchical level, colloidal level cross-linking using oxidized carbon nanotubes with hydrogen bonding surface decorations, including UPy, COOH, and OH groups, leads to further increased stiffness and ultimate strength, still leading to suppressed catastrophic crack propagation. The findings suggest to incorporate a hierarchy of supramolecular groups of different interactions strengths upon pursuing toward biomimetic toughening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu T. T. Myllymäki
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Laura Lemetti
- School
of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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22
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Han K, Go D, Tigges T, Rahimi K, Kuehne AJC, Walther A. Social Self-Sorting of Colloidal Families in Co-Assembling Microgel Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Han
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dennis Go
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Tigges
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Stefan-Meier Strasse 31 71096 Freiburg Germany
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23
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Han K, Go D, Tigges T, Rahimi K, Kuehne AJC, Walther A. Social Self-Sorting of Colloidal Families in Co-Assembling Microgel Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2176-2182. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Han
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dennis Go
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Tigges
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg; Stefan-Meier Strasse 31 71096 Freiburg Germany
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Guner SNG, Dericioglu AF. Nacre-mimetic bulk lamellar composites reinforced with high aspect ratio glass flakes. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2016; 12:016002. [PMID: 27918290 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/12/1/016002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nacre-mimetic epoxy matrix composites reinforced with readily available micron-sized high aspect ratio C-glass flakes were fabricated by a relatively simple, single-step, scalable, time, cost and man-power effective processing strategy: hot-press assisted slip casting (HASC). HASC enables the fabrication of preferentially oriented two-dimensional inorganic reinforcement-polymer matrix bulk lamellar composites with a micro-scale structure resembling the brick-and-mortar architecture of nacre. By applying the micro-scale design guideline found in nacre and optimizing the relative volume fractions of the reinforcement and the matrix as well as by anchoring the brick-and-mortar architecture, and tailoring the interface between reinforcements and the matrix via silane coupling agents, strong, stiff and tough bio-inspired nacre-mimetic bulk composites were fabricated. As a result of high shear stress transfer lengths and effective stress transfer at the interface achieved through surface functionalization of the reinforcements, fabricated bulk composites exhibited enhanced mechanical performance as compared to neat epoxy. Furthermore, governed flake pull-out mode along with a highly torturous crack path, which resulted from extensive deflection and meandering of the advancing crack around well-aligned high aspect ratio C-glass flakes, have led to high work-of-fracture values similar to nacre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen N Gurbuz Guner
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler Mah. Dumlupinar Bulv., 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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